Waxaa loo isticmaalaa Sherlock Holmes habka deductive?

geesiga suugaanta Conan Doyle - Baare cajiib ah Sherlock Holmes - badan oo ku hadla at dhererka ku saabsan oo uu habka of laga jaro. Iyo in, oo marar badan wuxuu Yeela akhristayaasha in wadiiqo indha la, aqoon u leh fikradaha aasaasiga ah ee macquulka ah. Ka dib oo dhan fikirka deductive - gabagabo this, taasoo keentay ka guud si gaar ah. Tusaale ahaan ugu fudud ee wax xuja ah: waxaan ka war xoogga jiidashada dhulka; Waxaan wax fikrad guud in biyuhu hoos u dhaco, ma gobays kor; si joogta ah lagu arkay habka dhibic biyo ah. Kuwani guud diraa macquul noo saamaxaysa in la qiyaaso waxa ay u egtahay Niagara Falls (gaarka ah), inkastoo aan waligay ma arag.

Laakiin aynu wada ognahay Sherlock Holmes adeegsanayaa noocyada kala duwan ee aad u kala duwan oo gunaanad, halkii, sida guud loogu yaqaanaa induction, in uu yahay, jiirtii ka gaar ah si guud. dhoobada on baaraha kabaha soo gebogebeeyay, in dadka ka soo jeeda dhulka miyiga ah, balastar iyo tags tole in kabaha ciidankii yimid - ma nin hodan ah, laakiin by joogtid ee jeebka ee tigidhada tareenka soo gabagabeeyay in uu soo gaaray London tareen. In uu Baare caanka ah dambiyada xalinta qabtay silsilad sababaha: dambaska sigarka - sigaar - sababaha uu - aqoonsiga sigaar ah. Oo dhamaadka dhigi gabagabo: dembiyada - Mr X. In the case of jaro ku caan Holmes u maleeyeen tegi lahaa hab ka duwan: Mr. X waa mid aad la mid ah dembiilaha, halka dadka kale zameshennye kiiskan, ma. Isaga oo la soo dhaafay mugdi ah. Oo isna wuxuu lahaa ujeedada in ay dilaan dhibbanaha. Isla mar dambiga uu leeyahay barinnimo lahayn. Sidaa darteed, dilaaga - Mr. X.

Sidaas waxa habka deductive loo isticmaalo in geeddi-socodka xalinta dembi Holmes? Marka ugu horeysa, waxa ay u muuqataa in ay ku saleysan oo ka mid ah faahfaahinta ugu yar, ayuu recreates goobta denbiga sida haddii ay ahaayeen dib-u-soo saaro isaga ka soo hor. Tusaale ahaan, in ay dhacdo xatooyo ee khasnadihii Agra: on raad cagaha wax yar la ridday faraha Baare ka warqaba in ninka uu ku ganaya, aan aad u dheer ka tagay, oo aan marnaba kabaha soo xirtay. dadaal kale oo maskaxeed, iyo in aad ka, mujrim ah - pygmy ka Islands Andaman ah.

Waxaa u muuqan lahaa in uu jiro induction saafiga ah - laga fuulo oo ka gaar ah si guud (caddaynta gaarka ah si ay sawir guud ee dambiga). Halka habka deductive - dhaadhaca ka guud si gaar ah. Laakiin dhab ahaantii waxaa jira halkan khilaaf jirin. Holmes ayaa yidhi: "All nolosha - silsilad sababaha kala go ', laakiin nooca circuit this lagu baari karaa oo keliya mid ka mid ah links ay." Xusuusnow tusaale ahaan ka mid ah biyo iyo Niagara Falls? Halkan waa xigasho kale oo muhiim ah ka Conan Doyle, halkaas oo geesi ah suugaanta ayaa sheegay in uu hab: "Dhamaan dambiyada tusi buuna u badan. Waxay (wakiilada Scotland Yard) ii soo bandhigay in duruufaha kiis gaar ah. Ogaanshaha faahfaahinta 1000 kiis, waxa uu noqon lahaa yaab leh ma aha inay daaha ka rogaan 1,001th ah ".

Sayidka, Holmes habka deductive presupposes aqoonta ku saabsan dambiyada aasaasiga ah (tus, dilka, tuugada, been). Dilkii uu tilmaamay inay si waafaqsan "geed qoyska" dil baxay masayrka, faa'iido, aargoosiga, iwm Later waxaa soo baxday in dilka si ay u helaan dhaxalka ee Duke iyo dil ka go'an aawadood lahaanshaha dhaxalka Esquire, sidoo kale, waxay leeyihiin gaarka ah iyaga u gaar ah, iyo wixii la mid ah, hoos si faahfaahsan ugu yar. Baare, laakiin, halkii, qoraaga, sida reer England ah, iyo fikrad ee jasiiradda (ie wareegay jasaa'irka Ingriiska) sharciga kiiska, oo ku salaysan xaqiiqada ah in cusub, oo aan weli shaaca dambiga lahaa tusaale ee la soo dhaafay, oo ay lagama maarmaan tahay si fudud by foomkan taam.

Waxaan dhihi karnaa si kalsooni leh in, in kasta oo ay induction dibadda, Holmes waa habka deductive faa'idaysanayo xisaabaha macquul ah. Playing violin ama sigaarka dabka, Baare cajiib ah ayaa qaba, sida loo qeybin dambi gaar ah? Aargoosiga? Masayrka? Damac? Sherlock oo diiday dhan qaldan sida sarreen haadiyo ka xaab oo kale, weli ma saxo oo kaliya hadhuudhka sii joogi doonaa gacmihiisa. Oo isna wuxuu sheegay in ku saabsan hab: "Waxaan ku leexan tuuray oo dhan wax aan macquul aheyn, waxa hadhay - waa jawaabta su'aashan ah, iyadoo aan loo eegayn sida fantastic laga yaabaa in ay u muuqato."