Warshad gaari AZLK: taariikhda, alaabta iyo xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

Baabuurta "Moskvich" sii fuulaan waddooyinka oo dhan Midowgii Soofiyeeti ee hore, halka geedka AZLK ayaa muddo dheer si rasmi ah joogsadeen hawlgallada. Moscow Automobile Plant magacaabay ka dib markii Lenin Komsomol soo saarta dhowr khadadka gaadiidka, taas oo uu noqday halyeeyga. The rajada ah ee baabuurta yar-barakac gudaha ahaayeen rajo, laakiin nasiib daro, xaaladda dhaqaale ma aha in raalli of warshadaha gaariga.

Sheekadu waxay bilaabeen "Ford"

Taariikhda warshad AZLK bilaabay fikradaha iyo qorshayaasha weyn. Go'aanka ah in la dhiso shirkadaha gaari ah ayaa la dhigay in 1925, si deg deg ah laga helay meel Rafaa mustaqbalka. Awoodda hore la qorsheeyay ee warshadda ka mid ah wax soo saarka ee 10 kun oo unugyo baabuur bil kasta. Ka hor inta heshiiska dhismaha la saxeexay shirkada "Ford" ku talo farsamo iyo sahayda muddo afar sano ah 74 kun oo xirmooyinka yeelay, ururkii waa in USSR. dhismaha dhismaha ugu horreeya ee warshadda bilaabay xagaagii 1929 iyo goobta dhismaha qaboobaha dhawaaqay lama filaan ah.

dhismaha ugu weyn ee The warshad lagu riday hawlgalka ee November 1930. Markaas warshad gaariga uu ahaa magaca hore, ". Geedka shirka State magacaabay Kim" saffarro dahsoon soo gaabiyay "KIM" waxay u taagan tahay "shuuciga Youth International". wareegga wax soo saarka ganacsiga ee ka koobnayd shirka gaariga, shirka qeybaha jirka, rinjiyeynta, mab lugtii iyo oboyki. Marka laga reebo hawlaha ugu muhiimsan ilaa 1933 dayactirka gaadiidka (dhexdhexaad ah, culus) ka baxsan baaxadda wax soo saarka. In 1932, dhirta AZLK guuleysto wax soo saarka ee matoorada for mashiinada beeraha (dillaaliinta).

laanta Gorky

In 1932 shirkii iyaga ku beeri. Kim ayaa beddelo sii daayo caga xamuulka gaadiidka GAZ-AA, dayactir bixisey by Automobile Gorky ee Plant. Guud ahaan, wax soo saarka ee sannadlaha ah ee xamuulka qaadataa 30% wax soo saarka guud. Under bacdi ee warshadda gaaska AZLK biiray affiliate ah ee 1933. awoodda wax soo saarka ayaa si buuxda u wareejiyay wax soo saarka ee baabuurta GAZ-AA, matoorada for beergoosadkiinna. Accessories dukaamada shirka iyaga ku beeri. CMM bixisey by saarayaasha qoyska.

koritaanka si guud u baahan kordhay awood shirkii-line ilaa 60 kun oo baabuurta sannadkii. Sidoo kale qorshaha wax soo saarka ee ahaa in la sii daayo of technology cusub, ee model la casriyeeyay GAZ-AA, dadku yaqaan "baabuur" iyo rakaabka gaariga ugu horeysay ee M-1. Si loo gaaro hadafka in muddada u dhaxaysa 1935 dib u dhiska oo baaxad weyn oo lagu qaaday in 1937. qorshaha soo saarka ayaa dib loo eegay, oo shirkii reer binu baabuurta rakaabka ee laanta Moscow ee GAZ diiday.

subcompact ugu horeeyay ee KIM

In 1939, dhirta AZLK noqdo shirkad madax bannaan-soo-saarka, halkaas oo dib u dhiska oo baaxad weyn oo ka mid ah goobaha ujeeddo ah beddelidda, si ay wax soo saarka ee baabuurta yar yar. Asal ahaan waxa la qorsheeyay in ay soo saaraan 50 kun oo baabuurta sannadkii. Warshad design iyo pilot la qotomiyey hawlgalka ee shirkada.

The minicar rakaabka marka hore KIM-10-50 tagay line shirkii bishii April 1940. The baabuurta ugu horeysay ka qeyb qaatay soo bandhig Day May. Waxa intaa dheer in la sii daayo brand baabuurta cusub bilowga ah ee 1941 at warshadda ayaa lagu rakibay khadadka dheeraad ah oo baasana soo saarka ee xawaaraha idaacadaha for technology mooto culus.

sano oo dagaal

Tan iyo bishii Luuliyo 1941-soo-saarka ee si buuxda diinta wax soo saarka military. Si kowaad wuxuu ahaa ee qolofka xero sii daayo, waayo, halyeeyga "Katyusha" ku. horay Jarmal dhinaca caasimadda qasbay dowladda Soviet inaad ka baxdo inta badan shirkadaha istiraatiiji ah. Warshad AZLK ee October 1941, waxaa u dhaqaaqay magaalada Sverdlovsk, halkaas oo waxaa la xiran warshad taangi. Iyadoo uu sal u midoobidda la bilaabay technology Haanta, qolofka waayo, bateriga diyaaradda.

The taangiga midowga final tirada warshad 37 iyo geedka shirka iyaga. KIM ka dhacay 1942. Shirkadda cusub ayaa loo magacaabay "Plant № 50", takhasuska waa wax soo saarka ee gearboxes for taangiyada. Xaaladaha ka hartay dhirta Moscow ee lagu qaaday dayactirka ee matoorada taangiga socda xagga hore. tirtiridda geedka bilaabay 1943 iyo ilaa 1944.
Dhanka kale, Xulafada bilaabeen inay ka samatabbixin baabuurta ku saabsan barnaamijka wax amaahisaan-ijaarka, iyo ay u baahan dayactir. Ku saleysan oo ka mid ah shirkadaha aan firfircooneyn ee Moscow, waxaa la go'aamiyay in la furo warshadda qaybo auto, halkaas oo looga baahan yahay inay ka adkaadaan-soo-saarka ee 83 nooc oo dayactir for baabuurta rakaabka ee ajnabiga ah - "Studebaker", "Dodge" iyo kuwa kale. Iyada oo hawshan si guul niyad jabka geedka ilaa iyo dhamaadka dagaalka.

nooleenta guul

In May 1945, isla markiiba ka dib markii dagaalka, dawladda Soviet nooleeyo fikradda ah in la sii daayo baabuurta yar yar oo hoos magaca brand "Moskvich". dhisay "warshad Moscow ee baabuurta yar yar," si loo gaadho ahdaafta. baabuur First rakaabka noocooda noqdo "Opel arday C-38." The baabuurta subcompact ugu horeysay soo saaray qalab Jarmal laga keeno dalka on heshiiska magdhaw. Soviet mass-soo-saarka gawaarida bilaabay la model "Moskvich-400" ee 1947. In 1959, gaadhiga ku jiray oo loogu talagalay by brand ee M-444 ku salaysan "Fiat 600" warshad noocooda xafiiska design ah. Under magaca "Zaporozhets" waxay bilaabeen inay soo saaraan Automobile Zaporozhye ah Plant.

In 1962, dhirta AZLK bilaabay wax soo saarka ee noocyada baabuurta rakaabka ah ee M-407, iyo sanadkii 1964 ayaa la bilaabay soo saarka serial gaariga M-408 nooca nooca yaryar ah. The si demoqaraadiyad ah ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay, waayo, MZMA waxaa ka buuxay guulaha, guul iyo qorshayaasha cusub. In 1966, warshad gaari line kiniisadda tegey 100aad "Moskvich" model yubilii M-408. Markaas warshad AZLK for shaqada ku guulaysato hal-abuurnimo iyo hirgelinta hore ee qorshaha ayaa la gudoonsiiyay abaalmarinta Order ee Red Banner of Labor. Isla mar ahaantaana, qorshe la ansixiyay dib u dhiska xiga ee awoodda wax soo saarka, waxs ballaarinta of-soo-saarka iyo kordhiyaan wax soo saarka baabuurta ilaa laba boqol oo kun oo baabuurta sannadkii.

Sannadkii 1967 shirkadda bilaabay model cusub ee model ah baabuur M-412, iyo in yar oo ah goor dambe oo sanadkan ka mid ah, tan iyo iridda warshad gaariga tegey millionth "Moskvich". Oo ay la socdaan wax soo saarka kor u kacay ka mid ah injineerada geedka bilaabay shaqada si kor loogu qaado heerka ammaanka baabuurta, lagu tijaabiyey xoog (baaritaano shil). Waayo, shaqaalaha warshad shaqo badan dhala waxaa la guddoonsiiyey la Banner Cas.

In 1968, oo qayb ka ah ballaarinta goobaha wax soo saarka la dhisay adag cusub ee degaanka shaqaalaha dharka, iyo on October 25 ee isla sannadkaas, dhirta Moscow ee baabuurta yar yar helay magac cusub: AZLK Factory (Moscow).

dibad-bax tartanka

Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee baabuurta avtomarafone "Moskvich" qaybqaatay 1968. joogaana eryay 16,000 kiiloomitir on wadada London - Sydney model Car M-412, iyo ku guuleystay kaalinta afaraad ee kala horeynta kooxda. Rating warshadaha ee baabuurka gudaha ayaa si weyn koray, oo ay caanka ah ee baabuurta, kuwaas oo la soo saaray geedka "Moskvich" AZLK helay baaxadda, ka muuqataa in mugga dhoofinta kordhay.

Munaasabadan ayaa waxaa soo socda, kaas oo ka dhacay 1970, on dhibaatooyin way ka daran, oo dhererkeeduna wuxuu guud ee wadada London - Mexico lacag dhan 26 kun oo kiiloomitir. kooxda wadayaasha Automobile qaaday kaliya seddex meelood oo kala horeynta kooxda: labaad, saddexaad iyo kan afraad. tartanka November isla sanadkaas keenay warshad guusha dhalaalaysa: markabka Belgian on "Moskvich" M-412 qaaday talaabada ugu sareeya ee podium ee dibad-"Tour de Belgique".

racers Ruush kooxda AZLK guuleystay meesha ugu horeysa ee 1971 waayo marinka of track ee dibad-"Tour de Europa" oo ku guuleystay koobka Gold ah. In 1973, dibad-in-heer caalami ah "Safari-73", lagu qabtay West Africa, kooxda Warshadda sameeyaa saddex nooc baabuur M-412, iyo markii ugu horaysay la gashay kaalinta. guul New guuleystay koob dahab iyo lacag ayaa la helay October 1974 for marinka of track ah "Tour ee Europe-74" dhererka 15 kun oo kiiloomitir.

The dhibaatooyinka dhaqaalaha qorsheeyay

todobaatanaadkii waxay ahaayeen muddo ah dhirta ubax. Bishii Agoosto 1974, shirkadda soo saaray laba baabuur ku millionth. Dhoofinta baabuurta fuliyay in ka badan toddobaatan dal oo dunida ah, oo wakiil ka ah qayb weyn oo ka mid ah wadarta guud ee alaabta guriga. Start ee dhalmo dhoofinta bilaabay in 1948, iyo 1977 naqilkii millionth waxaa loo diray si ay meel fog gaadhay.

Isla muddadaas waaxda design ka AZLK lagu soosaaray prototypes of model cusub ee baabuurta yar-barakac. Laakiin mishiino la qorsheeyay dhaqaalaha ee USSR ee aad eheeyn in go'aamada iyo socodka shaqada ahaayeen daydo dhacsan qalabka. Tani waxay si weyn u dhimay tartan ah, dhoofinta mishiino dhacay 20,000 sannaddii in bilowgii tiris ah. baahida qoyska ayaa sidoo kale ku dhacday.

Waxyaabaha bilaabeen inay ku badasho si fiican oo kaliya ee 80s bartamihii. tallaabooyin si loo hagaajiyo tayada ayaa la sameeyey, in ay hoos u sheegashada si ay noocyada baabuurta M-2140 la sii daayay. On casriyeynta ee geedka waxaa lagu fuliyay, iyo in 1986 bilaabay wax soo saarka ee model cusub oo ka mid ah saamiga M-2141.

Sanadkii 1987 si wadajir ah ula AvtoVAZom AZLK godu bilaabay horumarinta shidaalka baabuurta gudaha iyo qaabeynta naaftada la litir 1.8-1.9 engine. Si uu u dhameystiro kaamilka ah farsamo ee engine ayaa qandaraas ay u wada shaqeeyaan shirkadda British "Ricardo". Laakiin shaqada aan la si buuxda loo fuliyay sabab u ah burburkii USSR. Dhammaan lacagaha deymaha helay hoos line ee heshiiska la aasaasay on dheelitirka AZLK.

Howlihii ganacsi ee

racii ugu horreeyey ee dhibaatada 90s hore helay AZLK buuxa ee rajada iyo guulaha. U samee qorshe fulinta ee beddelka in lagu daydo wax soo saarka ee "Muscovites" M-2143, M-2141, M-2336. Laakiin waxan oo dhan ma ahaa in la fuliyo ay sabab u tahay dhaqaale la'aan. Soo saaray "Muscovites" model saldhig M-2141, iyo mucjisooyin u suurtagashay in ay bilaabi wax soo saarka mass gaariga qaado-up ee M-2335. In loo dhoofiyo dalalka reer galbeedka Europe ee Sagaashameeyadii la sii daayay model mashiinka xisbiga M-2141-135.

Tan iyo sagaashankii hore, wax soo saarka baabuurta ayaa hoos u, khadadka-soo-saarka la taagtaagan 1996. 1997 muuqatay in aad neefsato nolosha galay geedka ka heshay taageero dawladda Moscow ka, barnaamij ayna iyo horumarinta ee wax soo saarka, ay go'aansadeen in ay qalabeeyaan matoorada baabuurta "Renault". Tan iyo dhamaadkii 1997 ayaa la sii daayay xisbiga mishiino beddelid oo ka mid ah model M-2141 "Yuri Dolgoruky" iyo M-214 241 "Prince Vladimir" iyo dhowr kale. In qeybtii hore ee 1998, warshadda ayaa guntiga u noqon wax tar lahayn.

Laakiin default ah, kaas oo ka dhacay August 1998, ka eryay shirkadda galay khasaare si buuxda u diiday magaalada ka shaqeeya. Sannadkii 2001, warshadda sii daayay kaliya 0,81 kun. Baabuurta, waxa ay aheyd mid run shaqo joojinta. Warshadda AZLK More ma bilaabi hawlgalka. Laakiin dhulka, taas oo ku yaaliin shirkadda halyeeyga, ayaa weli la xidhiidha magaca AZLK ganacsi :. cinwaanka Plant - Moscow, Volgograd Prospect, 40. Sida rasmiga ah, shirkada waxaa liquidated 2010.

line-

In ka badan muddo dhan taariikhdeeda, shirkadda ayaa magacyo dhowr ah, taas oo u adeegi jireen sida horyaalka ee gaariga. taariikhda ayaa ka mid ah arrinta iyo line geedka baabuur AZLK:

• 1930-1940 sano, "Ford", taxane A (nooca yaryar), AA gaari xamuul ah "Ford" Taxanaha, gaari Taxanaha GAZ AA iyo GAZ-A sedan. Model KIM KIM -10-50 basas iyo KIM - 10-52, 10-51 KIM- bedeli.
• 1947-1956 sano: M basas -400-420, M-401-420, van M-400-422, M-400-420A bedeli.
• 1956-1965 sano: saloon M-420, M-407, M-403, M-wheel-drive sedan-410 iyo M-410N. Socdaalka: M-423, M-423N, M-424, M-wheel drive baabuur 411.
• 1964 -1988 sano. Nooca yaryar: M-408, M-412, M-2138, M-2140, M-2140-117. Universal M-426, M-427, M-2136, M-2137. Dooro-up: M-2315. Van: M-433, M-434, M-2733, M-2734.
• 1986-2001 sano. Uga muquurtay: M-2141, M-2141-02 "Svjatogor" M-2141-R5 «Yuri Dolgorukiy". Nooca yaryar: M-2142, M-2142-02 "Svjatogor" M-2142-R5 «Prince Vladimir," M-2142-S «Ivan Kalyta". Van: M-2901, M 2901-02 "Svyatogor". Dooro-up: M-2335, M-2335-02 "Svyatogor". Coupe: M-2142-SO «beydkiisa".

maanta

AZLK hore ee warshad haatan lagu firfircoon uga horumarsan. Tan iyo 2017, dawladaha hoose ee degaanka waxay xaq u leeyihiin in la horumariyo goobaha warshadaha ay iskood. Maanta dhowr dhismaha warshadda mar dambe u ekaan wax on Rafaa warshadaha gaariga. Haddaba halkan waa wax soo saarka yar oo buuq badan for soo saaridda ee uu Kokes, chips, qalabka dhismaha. On meelaha ganacsiga, gudahood Ring Road Saddexaad, milkiilayaasha ay qorshaynayaan in ay dhisaan xafiiska, ganacsiga iyo deegaanka ee dhismayaasha.

Laakiinse dhulka geedka AZLK weli maqli karo guuxeen dhirta shirka gaari. Asal ahaan dukaan baabuurta soo shirin ah oo ka hooseeya "Renault" brand. In 2015, geedka "Renault Russia" Xafiiska Xaqsiinta Ruush helay codsi u astaanta, taariikhiga ah ee geedka AZLK laga yaabaa in isku day ah in uu soo noolayn ka noocyada baabuurta halyeeyga Fasirka casriga ah. Milkiilaha summad ah "Moskvich" waqti xaadirkaan iyo ilaa 2021 waa dareen "Volkswagen".

Waxaa weli ma u dhiska dhulka oo dhan geedka, iyo, haddii aad rabto inaad aragto Rafaa hore ku soo laabtay mar ama in la dhiso qorshe cusub oo ay soo booqdaan meeshii dhashay subcompact qoyska - AZLK Factory (Moscow). Cinwaanka waa mid fudud: filayo Volgograd ah, dhismayaasha 40-42.