Wareegga cell, difaac, baqshadda unugyada

jiritaanka waqtiga gacanta laga bilaabo taariikhda ay formation qeybi cell hooyo si ay horyaalka heerka gaar ah ama dhimasho waxaa la odhan jiray ereyga "wareegga cell" ah. In ay muddo gacanta kala duwan kala duwan. Tusaale ahaan, asalka iyo hematopoietic unugyada xiidmaha yar oo epidermis yihiin in ay galaan wareegga gacanta 12-16 saacadood ee kasta ka dib markii ay awoodaan, waxay si dhakhso ah badanayaan in noolaha dadka waaweyn. Short wareegyada nolosha unugyada ee la soo dhaafay ku saabsan 30 daqiiqo, ay dhacaan inta lagu jiro dhagaxshiidkana dhexdaada deg deg ah ee ukunta ka lafdhabarka, echinoderms iyo xayawaanka kale. Tiro badan oo ah noocyada dhaqanka unugyada xaaladaha tijaabo ah, wareegga cell muddada gaaban ee ku saabsan 20 daqiiqo. At qadar dega si firfircoon ugu qaybinaya muddo duration unugyada u dhexeeya mitoses waa laga bilaabo 10 ilaa 24 saacadood.

Marxaladaha iyo caadada ee wareegga gacanta. wareegga Cell xoolaha iyo dhirta ka kooban yahay laba periods: interphase (muddada Avv borotiinka iyo DNA) iyo maytosis (wareegga qaybsamidda unugga). Interphase ka mid ah muddooyinka badan:

1. G1-waji - mudo ah koritaanka, inta lagu guda jiro kaas oo ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee brotiin, RNA iyo dadka deegaanka ee unugyada kale.

2. S-waji - in bareeg taasi dhacdo Avv hoosaad interphase ee Britain ayaa DNA ah ee nuclei cell iyo labanlaabka ah organelles intracellular (centrioles);

3. G2-waji - muddo inta lagu guda jiro taas oo ay jirto diyaarinta maytosis.

In unugyada in mar dambe ma kala qaybiyaan, G1-waji laga yaabaa maqan, in muddo this, waxay ku jiraan xaalad ah lagu nasto (G0).

Geedi socodka ah ee qaybsamidda unugga (maytosis) leeyahay laba heer:

1. qaybinta ee bu'da unugga - maytosis.

2. Kala cytoplasm unug - cytokinesis.

Regulation dhaqdhaqaaqa unugyada. Change of caadada wareegga cell waxay dhacdaa marka lalana borotiinada - cyclins iyo kinases cyclin ku tiirsan. Unugyada in G0 ku laasho awood u galo loop a sarkhaansan yihiin arrimo kala duwan koritaanka. Epidermal, iyo arrimo dhiig xinjirowga-dheefay waa arrin koritaanka dareemayaasha, waa in dhexgalka joogto ah la receptors kexeeyey nidaamka seylaanyenta intracellular keenta in qoraal ee borotiinada hiddo. Marka kinases isla laga yaabaa firfircoon oo kaliya is dhexgalka la cyclins gaar ah, waxa ku jira oo si joogto ah la beddelo oo dhan wareegga.

Khash xeerka caadiga ah ee wareegga gacanta taasoo keentay in formation of burooyinka adag. Waayo, formation of burooyinka halista ah protein p53 waxa uu leeyahay mas'uuliyadda, waayo, kaasu wuxuu kobciyaa Avv borotiinka ee bogga 21, taas oo iyana uu hakiyo adag cyclin CDK, taas oo shaki la'aan keenta in unugyada qabtay wareegga ee G1 iyo wajiga G2. unugyada la DNA dhaawacan ma soo galay S. Inta lagu jiro marxaladda of Isbedelo taasoo keentay in khasaaraha ama isbeddel ah ee hiddo p53 protein ma dhici iyo go'doominta wareegga gacanta geli maytosis ah, siinta asaasmeen unugyada mutant, kuwaas oo qaarkood lagu dilay, iyo qayb kale oo keentay in formation of malignant burooyin.

Cell-dhexaadin difaac. falcelinta ee habka difaaca jirka si ay heshaa wax, u bixiyey jawaab difaaca kaas oo unugyada ma aha set lug iyo adag ee borotiinada joogtaa dhiig (nidaamka complement), loo yaqaan by ereyga "difaac gacanta". Waxaa si toos ah inta badan ka dhanka ah sheyga badbaaday in phagocytes iyo sheyga in qaadsiin unugyada kale. Gaar ahaan waa wax ku ool ka dhanka ah fayrasyada, fangaska, protozoa, bakteeriyada, iyo unugyada burada. habka difaaca gacanta waa mid aad u muhiim ah in diidmada unugyada.

derbiga cell. The derbiga gacanta adag, kaalinta ka baxsan xuub cytoplasmic u qabata ammaanka, hawlaha dhismaha iyo gaadiidka - waa xuub gacanta. Weli waxa loo yaqaan derbiga gacanta, oo waa hadiyad inta badan bakteeriyada, fangaska, dhirta iyo archaea. Sida xoolaha, iyo qaar badan oo ka fudud, iyaga oo aan haysan derbiga gacanta.