Reactance - waa maxay?

Man ayaa muddo dheer loo isticmaalo ee ay baahida koronto, kiimikada, iyo tamarta nukliyeerka. Faahfaahin farsamo ee mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waxaa jira go'an of fikradaha in u ogolaan in sifaha ay nuxurka. Tusaale ahaan, qoreysa sida awood, xooganaanta, cufnaanta, et al., Loogu codsatay in waxbarashada ma aha oo kaliya korontada, laakiin noocyo kale oo loo yaqaan ee tamarta. Mid ka mid ah fikrad universal sida weyn loo isticmaalo, ereyga "iska caabin ah" ee korontada. Meelaha kale, waxaa jira analogues - nuugista, jejebinta, milicsiga, iwm "Resistance" - waa, in fact, waa dabeecadda oo ka mid ah khasaaraha field tamarta. Ujeedada sayniska iyo farsamada been in xaqiiqda ah si loo ogaado waxa ay tahay sababta caabiga.

Resistance wareegi uu leeyahay dabeecad dual - waxaad tidhaahdaan, iska caabin ah oo reactance. Waayo, iska caabin koronto ee kaari waa sifo ugu weyn iyo iska caabin ay keentay dhaqdhaqaaqa wax kaari ah sidayaal. Sababaha counter tani waxay noqon kartaa kala duwan, kuwaas oo uu sharaxayaa magaceeda kala duwan. Resistance waxaa had iyo jeer la socdo diinta hal nooc oo tamarta si kale by yaraynta isha asaasiga ah ee tamarta. Waayo, in ay dhacdo hab siin tamarta korontada, guurka diinta tamarta this galay ciidamada electromotive kaamerada, magnetic ama tamarta korontada.

Taariikh ahaan, Biography ugu horeeyay ee iska caabin ahaa daraasadda of iska caabin ah, taas oo ay sabab u tahay diinta ka mid ah kaari ilaha tamarta kululaynta ee. Tani waxay dhacdaa sabab ah in eedaymaha (electrons waana) sarkhaansan of il beerta EMF ku dhaqaaqay in ka badan guidewire ah, sida masaal, "riixaya" kiristaalo ama u taagoo ee arrinta. Sayidka, sarrifka labada dhinac kala iibsiga tamarta keenaysaa in la kordhiyo heerkulka of kaari ah, i.e. waxaa jira beddelidda ee tamarta korontada ku soo galay tamarta kaamerada. Haddii isha xoog electromotive aysan waxba ka beddelin jihada iyo magnitude ah U, waxaan hadda ku soo wareegtaa hareeraheeda ah oo lagu magacaabo joogto ah, iyo R iska caabin Bannaanka this waxaa laga xisaabiyaa sharciga Ohm ee: R = U / I.

Resistance DC circuit noqon karaa oo kaliya firfircoon. Reactance "dhigaysa laftiisa dareemay" oo kaliya in wareeggeedii AC, kuwaas oo ka kooban gaar inductance (coil) ama capacitance (capacitor). Si adag u hadlayay, kaari kasta oo uu leeyahay qaar ka mid ah inductance iyo capacitance, laakiin sida caadiga ah waxay si dayac in ay la dayacay waa. The inductance iyo capacitance marka dal ku dul eedeeyay korontada ku badaley tamarta duurka a magnetic of gariiradda ama beerta korontada ee dielectric ah. tamarta lagu kaydin sidaas, ee isbedelka ee calaamada isha emf, waxaa ku soo laabtay qaab eedeeyay tamar ogeed, sidaa magaca - "reactance".

Inductance soo wareegi jiray AC "joogsadaa" socodka hadda iyada oo arrin is-induction: isbedelka ee hadda ee ay isbedel ku yimaada ilaha emf keena isbedel ah oo duurka ku electromagnetic si ay u isku dayo si ay u ilaaliyaan hadda ku soo wareegi jiray sababo la xiriira tamarta lagu kaydin duurka magnetic. Cabir tamarta lagu kaydin waa qiyaas ah oo L inductance Bannaanka, taas oo ku xiran inta jeer f AC. reactance ee inductor ah waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa formula soo socda:

XL = 2 * π * f * L.

capacitor A wareegi jiray AC ah ururayaa ee tamarta duurka korontada by lacag dielectric. Marka aad ka bedelanayso magnitude iyo / ama jihada of isha danab emf guud ahaan taarikada capacitor taageeray by lama filaan ah ka dhicin, kuna waari dhexdeeda dheer, weyn capacitance C ee capacitor ah.

The Waxyeelo impedance of capacitor ah, sidoo kale inta jeer ku tiirsan, waxaa laga siiyaa:

Xc = 1 / (2 * π * f * C).

Laga soo bilaabo muujinta this waxaa cad in la kordhiyo ku hoos noqnoqoshada iyo / ama impedance capacitance. Sidaa darteed, circuit AC ah, halkaas oo ay jiraan resistor ah, inductor iyo capacitor ah, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah si ay u qeexaan iska caabin ah guud ahaan gaar ah iyo reactance. Guud ahaan, caanaha xisaabinta impedance leeyahay "dhadhan pifagorovsky":

Zv2 = Rv2 + (XL + Xc) v2

* Fiiro gaar ah: In «v» waa in akhri «Z afar gees", iwm

Iyo caanaha ugu dambeyntii impedance waa sida soo socota:

Z = √ (squarte) Rv2 + (XL + Xc) v2.