Wadamada OPEC - qiimaha kali dunida ee

Maanta, arrimaha saaridda saliidda iyo qeybiyey waa arrimo la go'aaminayo in formation of qiimaha adduunka ee wax soo saarka iyo waxyaabaha ay u isticmaalaan ee ay ku abuureen dunida ka mid ah heerka sarrifka sheegyada, iyo xitaa in koritaanka ama hoos u dhaca dhaqaalaha ee gobollada oo dhan. Iyo doorka aasaasiga ah ee wadamada OPEC ciyaaro hawlgaladaa.

Taariikhda iyo sababaha formation of OPEC

Ururka dalalka Petroleum Dhoofiya, si fiican u yaqaan in qeybta Ruush sida ururka waddammada - Petroleum Waddamada Saliidda Dhoofiya (OPEC), ayaa asal ahaan ay 1960-kii. Markaas 5 dal oo go'aansaday in la dhiso qaab haga lahaa mugga of-soo-saarka iyo qiimaha halkii foosto ee saliidda suuqa caalamiga ah. heshiis noocan oo kale ah ayaa waxaa uu saxiixay shan waddan, oo Venezuela noqday, Ciraaq, Saudi Arabia, Iran iyo Kuwait. Later ay soo biiray by dhowr waddan oo kale, iyo bilowgii 90meeyadii ee tirada 13 xubnood.

Tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay qarnigii XX ah, OPEC tagay Ecuador (1992) iyo Gabon (1994), si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka hore ka soo celiyey xubnaha sanadkii 2007. Indonesia ayaa sidoo kale waxaa sabab u ah sababaha gudaha u doortay inuu joojiyo xubnaha ururka ee 2009. Maanta ururka waxaa ka mid ah Venezuela, Ciraaq, Saudi Arabia (hoggaamiyaha in kaydka saliidda), Iran, Kuwait, Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Qadar, Liibiya, Imaaraadka Carabta iyo Nigeria.

Dalalka, OPEC, raad asal ahaan labada ujeedo: sameynta haboon iyaga kala duwan qiimaha oo saliid ah iyo qeybiyey ee kootada dhoofinta ay a. Laakiin waqti isku mid ah, waddamada, kuwaas oo ha ka cabsan in ay isticmaalaan oo ay hogaanka si loo gaadho ahdaafta siyaasadeed. Tusaale wanaagsan oo falalkan ahaa hordhaca ah ee xayiraadii la saaray dalka Mareykanka ee 1973 ay sabab u tahay taageerada firfircoon ee Israa'iil ugu dambeeyay ee khilaafka Arab-Israeli. falanqeeyayaasha qaar waa dhiiran tahay in ay aaminsan yihiin in inta badan oo ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka dhaqaale ee qarnigii labaatanaad ayaa ka xanaajisay ka wakiil ah ururka.

wadamada OPEC ayaa nidaaminaya fiirsato of "dahabka madow" oo ku saleysan xaaladda dhaqaalaha u gaar ah. falalka noocan oo kale ah ayaa xaq, maxaa yeelay, in inta badan ee macdanta iyo saliidda dhoofinta yihiin line ugu weyn ee la xirrira dakhliga miisaaniyadda ee dalka.

Xoog iyo daciifnimo

Dhamaan wadamada OPEC ah, soo food saartay dhibaatooyin gaar ah. Khubarada iyaga la kala saaro afar qaybood oo waaweyn: Fadilid adag bulshada u, backwardness farsamada, habka tababarka qaranka dhacsan iyo isticmaalka aan macquul ahayn si ay u helaan faa'iido.

Sida laga soo xigtay heerka nolosha, wadamada OPEC kala qaybsan yihiin laba kooxood: super-Taajirka iyo miskiinku. In ka-nolosha sare ee gobolka jiro yaraanta dadka, halka masaakiinta - tirada dadka xadgudba macquul ah. Marka tan la eego, ka hesho marka hore maal-weyn, iyo socodka labaad ee tiirsanaanta dawladaha deeqda bixiya. separation Tani ciday ku siinayaa doonaa kor u kala duwan yihiin qaarkood dejinta xeeladaha horumarinta.

Inta badan diiradda on saliid, xubno badan oo ka mid ah OPEC lumin hortiisa of baahida loo qabo in la horumariyo ay saldhig farsamada gaar ah. Si madaxbannaan, haddii ay taasi ku jira oo keliya Sacuudi Carabiya iyo Imaaraadka Carabta. Wadamadaas waxaa ay awoodaan in waqti ay dib ugu jeestaan sayniska qaranka ee horumarinta heerka saldhig farsamada. Wadamada kale ee xubnaha ka ah waxay ku tiirsan yihiin gargaar ka mid ah shirkadaha shisheeye iskaashi ku salaysan heshiisyada dhimista.

Tartiib tartiib baxaysaa dhibaato hore, u muuqataa iyo la'aanta shaqaale aad aqoon u leh, kaas oo wax ku ool ah u dhaqan galin iyo horumarkii ugu dambeeyay oo ay tayadoodii habka wax soo saarka batroolka. takhasusay Kuwani inta badan waxa ay ka yimaadeen dalka dibadiisa, taas oo inta badan la kulmay ismaandhaaf dadka deegaanka.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inkastoo saddexda dhibaato ku xusan, waxaa jira meel kale oo lagu muransan yahay - faa'iidada ka soo iibinta shidaalka iyo badeecadaha. rayn The iyaga ka mid ah socday muddo macno ahaan kala bar oo dhan labaad ee qarnigii labaatanaad. Lacagta waxaa unwisely qaatay, oo halkii ay maal horumarinta ilaha kale ee dakhliga miisaaniyadda gobolka, ay socdeen in a mashaariicda Rajo. Wakhtigan xaalada ay isbedeshay, in dalalka saboolka ah lacag lagu maalgaliyo barnaamijyada dhaqaalaha iyo arrimaha bulshada (in kastoo aan had iyo jeer ku ool ah), hodan ah - on horumarinta ilo kale oo dakhli.

Ururka - Waddamada Saliidda Dhoofiya Petroleum (OPEC) ayaa maanta runtii waa aalad awood for khalkhalgelinta ee dhaqaalaha iyo labada geedi socodka siyaasadeed. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhibaatooyinka gudaha ee dalalka - xubnaha aan wax ku ool ah isu yeeshaan. burinaya noocan oo kale ah ee xoog iyo tabar dhigi doonaa khasaaraha ka mid ah booska keentay in industry dunida saliidda, haddii aan la ciribtiray.