Waa maxay qoraal ee biology? Wajigan waxa ereygu protein

Heshiis ku Biology - habka multi-tallaabo macluumaadka akhriska ka DNA ah, taas oo ah qayb ka mid ah biosynthesis protein in gacanta ah. Nucleic acid waa side macluumaadka hidaha ee jirka, sidaa daraadeed waxa muhiim in ay rayi iyo wareejiyo dhismayaasha kale gacanta loogu talagalay oo dheeraad ah ururinayo peptides.

Erayga "qoraal bayoolaji" The

Avv Protein waa hab wayn oo muhiim ah in gacanta wax ka mid ah jidhka. Aan abuurka taagoo peptide ma joogteyn karto nolosha caadiga ah, t. Kuwaasi xeryahooda organic ay ku lug leeyihiin oo dhan geeddi socodka dheefshiidka, waa qaybaha dhismaha ee unugyada iyo xubnaha badan, iyo ciyaaro signal nidaminayo iyo doorka difaac ee jirka.

Geedi socodka, taas oo ka bilaabanayso biosynthesis protein ah, waa qoraal ah. Biology si kooban u qaybiyaa saddex qaybood:

1. Bilowga.
2. Muruqa (kordhin silsilad RNA).
3. Joojinta.

Heshiis ku Biology - waa dareen diidmo Cascade stepwise taas oo keeni in template DNA taagoo RNA dhexsameeysmo jirka. Oo sidaas sameeyay ma macluumaad kaliya acids ribonucleic, laakiin sidoo kale gaadiidka, ribosomal, nuclear yar iyo kuwa kale.

Sida geedi socod kasta oo lagmamaarmaanna, qoraal xidhan tahay qodobo badan. First of dhan, waa kiimiko falgalka dejisa ku kala duwan yihiin prokaryotes iyo eukaryotes. Kuwani borotiinada gaar ah caawin bilaabo iyo fuliyaan reactions qoraal sax ah, taas oo muhiim u ah helitaanka saarka borotiin tayo sare leh.

qoraal ah prokaryotes

Tan iyo biology trankriptsiya - waa ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee RNA on template DNA ah, in nidaamka this inta badan enzyme waa DNA polymerase ku tiirsan RNA ah. In bakteeriyada, waxaa jira hal nooc oo polymerases ee dhammaan u taagoo of ribonucleic acid kaliya.

polymerase RNA sida ay mabda'a complementarity dhameystiraya strand RNA isticmaalaya silsilad DNA template. In ka kooban of enzyme this waxay leedahay laba β-subunits, mid α-subunit iyo mid σ-subunit. Labada qaybood oo ugu horreeya shaqeeyaan dhismaha jirka sida enzyme, iyo labada haray ka masuul ah haynta ee enzyme si Britain DNA iyo aqoonsiga qayb horumariyaha ah deoxyribonucleic acid, siday u kala horreeyaan waa.

Waana mid ka, factor li'idiisa waa mid ka mid ah dhulka ku yaal oo la aqoonsado hiddo-gaar ah. Tusaale ahaan, index warqad Latin σ N ka dhigan tahay in polymerase RNA aqoonsan hiddo in lagu daro la deficiency ah nitrogen ee deegaanka.

Traskriptsiya in eukaryotes

Si ka duwan bakteeriyada, xayawaanka iyo dhirta qoraal dhacdaa ka adag. First, ee gacanta kasta ma jiro, waa mid ka mid laakiin saddex nooc oo kala duwan oo polymerases RNA. Ka mid ah iyaga,

1. polymerase RNA I. Waa masuul ka tahay qoraal ah ee hiddo RNA ribosomal (marka laga reebo 5S ku subedinitsv RNA ribosomal).
2. RNA polymerase II. Himilada waa in synthesize macluumaadka (shaxda) acids ribonucleic caadiga ah, ka dibna taas oo ay ku lug leeyihiin daayey.
3. RNA polymerase III. Shaqada noocan ah polymerases waa in synthesize gaadiidka acid ribonucleic, iyo RNA 5S-ribosomal.

Marka labaad, ee aqoonsiga horumariyaha ah ee unugyada eukaryotic leeyihiin nedostachno polymerase kaliya. At bilow u ah qoraal kale oo jira peptides gaar ah qayb, loo yaqaan TF-borotiinada. iyaga waxaa la jiray oo kaliya via polymerase RNA ah qaadan kartaa bilowga Avv DNA iyo RNA taagoo.

Macnaha qoraal

Britain The RNA in la aasaasay on template DNA ah, markii dambe ku lifaaqan ribosomes halkaas oo lagu akhriyo la macluumaadka iyo borotiinka ku dhexsameeysmo jirka. Geedi socodka ah ee formation of peptide waa muhiim u ah unugyada, sida oo aan xeryahooda organic ma noqon karto nolosha caadiga ah, waxay ugu horayn waa aasaas u ah ee falgalka ugu muhiimsan ee reactions lagmamaarmaanna.

Qoraal bayoolaji - sidoo kale waa il rRNA, kuwaas oo qayb ka mid ah ribosome iyo tRNA ah, kuwaas oo ay ku lug leeyihiin gaadiidka ee acids amino inta lagu guda jiro turjumaad oo ka mid ah dhismayaasha aan xuub. Waxay sidoo kale laga yaabaa in lagu dhexsameeysmo snRNA (nuclear yar), kuwaas oo shaqo ka kooban yahay in splicing ee u taagoo RNA.

gunaanad

Translation iyo qoraal bayoolaji ka ciyaaraan door muhiim ah in ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee u taagoo protein. Nidaamkan waa mid yihiin qayb ka ugu weyn ee uu aamino dhexe ee biology kelli, taas oo dhigayaa in furta DNA ee uu ku dhexsameeysmo by RNA, iyo RNA, markeeda, waa aasaas u ah laga bilaabo formation of taagoo protein.

Oo aan qoraal waxa ay noqon doontaa wax aan macquul aheyn inay akhriyaan macluumaadka la suntan in saddex ka mid ah deoxyribonucleic acid. Tan waxay cadeyneysaa mar kale muhiimadda ay leedahay habka heer noolaha. cell kasta, haddii prokaryotic ama eukaryotic, waa in had iyo synthesize taagoo cusub iyo protein cusub, kuwaas oo loo baahan yahay waqti xaadirkaan in nolosha la joogteeyo. Sidaa darteed, qoraal bayoolaji - waa heerka ugu weyn ee shaqo ee unug kasta oo gaar ah ee jirka ku jira.