Waa maxay Magac-u habaysan

Magac-nidaamsan noo ogolaaneysa inuu u soo yeedho wakiilada fasalada kala duwan ee xeryahooda organic. Iyadoo ku xiran xubin ka mid ah koox gaar ah oo walxaha, waxaa jira Gudigga qaarkood in magacyada kuwaas waa in lagu soo sheegnay. Hadal ku saabsan sida ay isku waydaarsanayeen u habaysan waxay khusaysaa Consort ee dhismayaasha kala duwan, iyo sidoo kale xeryahooda oxygen-ka kooban.

Qoondaynta xeryahooda organic

Sida nooca carbon silsiladda badi u kala walxaha organic in xilliile iyo acyclic; kahaayeen iyo roodhida, heterocyclic iyo carbocyclic. xeryahooda acyclic yeedhay lahayn qaab-dhismeedka ee wareegyada ay. atamka Carbon in xeryahooda sida waxaa lagu abaabulaa ee taxanahan si ay u sameeyaan silsilad si toos ah ama jahaysteen unclosed.

Qoondee Consort cokan, kaas oo ay leeyihiin a bonds carbon hal, iyo sidoo kale xeryahooda la badan (double, xaafuun) bonds.

Magac-of alkanes

Magac-nidaamsan waxay ku lug leedahay isticmaalka geynta gaar ah ee ay falsayeen. Compliance leh xeerar ogol yahay qalad lahayn in la siiyo magacyada Consort cokan. Haddii aad u baahan tahay shaqo, "Call of Magac-soo jeediyay hydrocarbon nidaamsan" waxaa lagama maarmaan ah si ay u bilaabaan si ay u hubiyaan in ay iska leh fasalka ka mid ah alkanes. Next aad u baahan tahay in aad eegto qaabka silsilad ugu dheer.

Marka atamka carbon warsan tirintii xag u dhawaanshaha silsilad hogaanka, tirada iyo magaca. Magac-nidaamsan ku lug isticmaalaya ku lifaaqan oo dheeraad ah, la tilmaamayo tirada xag isku mid. Waxay meel lagu qorey lambarada, loo ogaado tirada, ka dibna loo yaqaan xag. At heerka ugu dambeeya, waa silsilad carbon dheer, isagoo intaa ku daray Gogol-galaha. Tusaale ahaan, hydrocarbon ah, CH3-CH2-CH (CH) -CH2-CH3 of waydaarsanayeen nidaamsan waxa loo yaqaan 3-methylpentane.

Magac-of alkenes

Waxyaabahani on Magac-u habaysan waxaa la yiraahdaa la tilmaan ku waajib ku ah qodobada a badan bonds (double). In kimistari organic, waxaa jira isku xigxiga oo ka mid ah falalka, taas oo ka caawisaa in ay siiso magacyada alkenes. Si aad u bilowdo in silsiladda carbon soo jeediyay waxaa lagu qeexaa by jab ugu dheer oo ka kooban bond a double. tiradoodii ee carbons ee silsiladda lagu sameeyaa dhinaca u dhaw in ay hogaanka halkaas oo bond badan waxa uu ku yaalaa. Haddii shaqada: "Maxaad leedihiin, waayo, isku waydaarsanayeen u nidaamsan", waxaa lagama maarmaan ah si loo ogaado jiritaanka qaab-dhismeedka la soo jeediyay ee xag hydrocarbon ah.

Haddii aysan ahayn, wac silsilad laftiisa, isagoo intaa ku daray qadarin ah -en, taasoo muujinaysa jagada tiradaasi curaarta double. Waayo, wakiillo ka alkenes roodhida, taas oo ka mid ah xag kuwa ay joogaan, waa in aad sheeg lambarada meesha ay, ku dar horgalaha cayimista lacagta, ka dibna kaliya sii wado inuu magacaabo ugu of silsilad hydrocarbon ah.

Tusaale ahaan, waxaan ku siin xarunta horyaalka ee qaabka soo socda: CH 2 = CH-CH (CH3) -CH2-CH3. Marka la eego in Britain uu leeyahay dhigaalka double, hydrocarbon ah xagjirka ah, oo ay magacaagu wuxuu noqon doonaa sida soo socota: 3-metilpunten-1.

Consort Diene

kala duwan ee fasalka this ee Consort roodhida waxa lagu gartaa dhegyadii qaarkood. Taagoo xeryahooda Diene waxaa lagu gartaa joogitaanka laba bonds double, sidaas daraaddeed horyaalka tilmaamaya booska uu ka mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah. Halkan waxaa ku qoran tusaale ka mid ah xarunta a tirsan class this, siin magac.

CH2 = CH-CH = CH2 (1,3 butadiene).

Haddii la joogo in xag Britain ee (noocyada firfircoon), ka dibna tiro ka muujinayaan atamka booska tirintii Silsilad ugu weyn ee dhinaca taas oo ugu dhow in ay hogaanka ay. Haddii atamka hydrocarbon badan Britain ayaa waxaa loo isticmaalaa marka enumerating qaybsamaa horgale, sadex, tetra-.

gunaanad

Iyada oo isku waydaarsanayeen ee nidaamsan waxaa suurtagal ah in la siiyo magaca wakiilada oo dhan fasalada xeryahooda organic. geynta guud u dhaqmo inuu u soo yeedho ogolaanaya noocyo ka mid ah cokan iyo Consort roodhida. Waayo, acids carboxylic, taas oo la joogo in ka kooban oo ka tirsan kooxda carboxyl functional ah, waa tiradoodii of silsilad ugu weyn waxaa lagu fuliyaa la.