Waa kuwee magaalada Russia iska caabiyay Ciidamada Mongoliyaan inta lagu guda jiro qalal?

Mongol-Tatar duulaankii sababay dhaawac weyn horumarinta siyaasadeed, dhaqaale iyo dhaqan ee Russia. Duulaankii oo ka mid ah reer guuraa Central Asian sababa la ruxruxo ee iska caabin ah dadkeenna. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadka ku nool qaar ka mid ah degsiimooyinka deyr leh, kuwaas oo ka jeeclaadeen in ay is dhiibaan dagaal la'aan, guusha of this mararka qaar qadhaadh tudhin. Aan u ogaato waxa magaalooyinkii reer Russia iska caabiyay Ciidamada Mongol?

DULUCDA Mongol duulaankii ee rus '

warlord Mongoliyaan Great Genghis Khan aasaasay boqortooyadii ballaaran kuwaas oo dhul badan tahay xajmiga oo dhan ilaa dalalka markaas jira. Xataa intii uu noolaa guutooyinkiisii reer guuraaga weerareen goobaha of Sea Azov ah, halkaas oo ay ku Battle of the River Kalka jabin ciidanka Ruush-Polovtsian. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in ay ahayd sahan ah in ciidanka, loogu talagalay in ay ka-Mongol tataarka sii waddo jidka loo Yurubta Bari.

Hadafka qabsashadii dadyowga of Europe ayaa loo xil saaray in ay soo farcamay of ina Genghis Khan, Jochi, kaas oo loo qoondeeyay ah ulus dhaxalka reer galbeedka ee boqortooyada. Go'aanka galbeed gaardi la sameeyey at vsemongolskom Kurultai ee 1235. At madaxa ciidan Mongol badan ahaa ina Jochi , Batu Khan (Batu).

First cadaadis ciidamada uu ku dhacay Khanate Bulgarian. Markaasuu wuxuu u dhaqaaqay guutooyinkaaga oo uu in madaxda dalka Ruushka. Xilligii dagaaladii of Batu qabtay magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Russia, sida lagu hoos looga hadli doonaa si faahfaahsan. Wax yar ka badan nasiib iyo dadka deggan dhulka miyiga ah, sababtoo ah dalagga waxaa lagu tuntay, iyo kuwa badan oo iyaga ka mid ah sidoo kale dilay ama masaafurin maxaabiis ahaan.

Sidaas aan aragno waxa magaalada ka mid ah Russia iska caabiyay Ciidamada Mongoliyaan.

Go'doonsan of Ryazan

The ugu horeysay oo ka mid ah magaalooyinka Ruush xoog Mongol saamaynta soo maray Ryazan ah. Difaaca ee magaalada hogaaminayo Yuriy Prince Ryazanskiy ku Igorevich, kuwaas oo ka caawiyey oo uu adeer u Oleg waxaan of Ryazan.

Ka dib markii bilowgii gashaan hareeraynta of Ryazan tusay mucjisada geesinimo iyo si adag magaalada lagu qabtay. Waxay si guul leh ku eeliyey weeraro Mongol shan maalmood gudahood ah. Laakiin markaas tataarka keenay hub go'doominta ay, kuwaas oo ay barteen in ay isticmaalaan, dagaal badan oo Shiinaha. Kuwan goobaha farsamo ee ay u suurtagashay in ay dumin derbiyada Ryazan iyo magaalada u qabsadaan muddo saddex maalmood ah. Oo waxay noqotay in December 1237.

Prince Igor Y. lagu dilay maxbuus Oleg Ingvarevich qaaday dadka Ryazan qayb gowracay, qaarkeedna u baxsaday duurka dhexdiisa, oo magaalada waxaa gabi ahaanba la burburiyay oo aan marnaba ka badan meel loo soo celiyo.

Qaadashada Vladimir

Ka dib markii qaadashada Ryazan ah cadaadis Mongol bilaabeen inay ku dhici, iyo magaalooyin kale. State ee Russia qaab madaxda ay sabab u tahay kala qaybsanaanta ma awoodo inuu siiyo rideen a habboon in cadowgu ku. Mongols qabtay Kolomna iyo Moscow. Ugu dambeyntii Tatar ciidankii magaalada Vladimir, tagay ka hor inta uu Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich yimid. Citizens waxay bilaabeen inay u diyaar garoobaan hareereeyo culus. magaalada Vladimir ee qadiimiga Russia waxay ahayd xarun muhiim dhaqaale iyo siyaasadeed, iyo Mongols garatay ay muhiimadda istiraatiiji ah.

Hoggaamiyeyaasha difaaca magaalada ka maqan aabbihiis soo qaaday wiilashii Prince ee Grand of Vladimir iyo Mstislav Vsevolod Yurevichi iyo Voevoda Potr Oslyadyukovich. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Vladimir qaban afar cisho oo keli. Bishii Febraayo 1238 ayuu ku dhacay. daafacyada ugu dambeeyay ee magaalada qax godadka Cathedral male ah, laakiin waxaa iyaga ka soo bixiyey oo keliya nastey yar ayaa dhimasho. Hal bil ka dib, guuldaradii ugu danbeysay ee Prince of Vladimir Russia Yuri Vsevolodovich waxaa laga codsadaa in ay City Webiga. In dagaalka this lagu dilay.

Kozelsk - "Kuwa City"

Marka su'aasha la sara kiciyaa, waxa magaalooyinkii reer Russia iska caabiyay Ciidamada Mongoliyaan, hubi in aad xusuusan Kozelsk ah. Uu iska caabin geesinimada u qalmeen galay buugaagta taariikhda of our dalka.

Ka hor bilowgii April 1238 Mongols in ay magaalada yar ee Kozelsk taas oo ahayd caasimadda ah ee madax madax banaan, oo ku yaalla dalka Chernigov u yimid. Prince Vasili waxaa jiray laba iyo toban nooc oo Olegoviches. Laakiin inkastoo ay size, iyo yaraantaadii taliyaha, Kozelsk lahaa iska caabin ugu dheer iyo quus ah oo ka mid ah Mongols oo dhan Guryahoodu Ruush, ka hor inta la isku daro. Mid fudud in wax Batu qabtay magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Russia, iyo magaaladan yar ahaa awoodaan in ay kaliya ku qaadan derbiyadeeda gelinaya in ka badan afar kun oo askari oo Mongoliyaan doortay. hareeraynta socday toddoba toddobaad.

Sababtoo ah qiimaha qaali lahaa in lagu bixiyo qaadashada Batu Kozelsk, uu hadda ka dib amray ugu yeedhaan "magaalada xun." dadka oo dhan ayaa la Xasuuqay. Laakiin wiiqay by ciidan Mongol ah ayaa lagu qasbay inuu ku laabto steppe ah, oon ku daahiyaan dhimashada magaalada caasimadda ah ee Russia - Kiev.

Dhimashada Kiev

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in soo socda 1239 Mongols ka sii Dilal galbeedka iyo deel soo noqday, waxay qabteen oo ku baabbi'iyeen Chernigov, iyo dayrta 1240 si ay Kiev yimid - hooyadii magaalooyinka Ruush.

By waqtiga ay ahayd caasimadda ah ee Russia rasmi ah oo kaliya, inkastoo ay magaalada ugu weyn. Kontoroolo Kiev Prince Galician-Volynskiy Daniil. Xakamee magaalada, wuxuu geliyey inuu tysyatskogo Dmitriev, oo ku hogaamiyay difaaca Mongols ah.

By derbiyada Kiev tegey ku dhowaad dhammaan ciidanka Mongoliyaan, ka qayb qaadanaya ololaha galbeedka. Sida laga soo xigtay ilo ka mid ah magaalada uu karin inuu qabto ka maqnaanayo muddo seddex bilood ah, oo dhinaca kale ah - uu in maalmood oo kaliya sagaal dhacay.

Ka dib markii qabashada Kiev Mongols duulay Russia ee Galicia, halkaas oo ay si gaar ah iska caabin ah madax lahaa Danilov, Kremenets iyo Hill. Ka dib markii qabsaday oo ka mid ah magaalooyinka furasho by Mongols ee dalka Ruush la tixgelin karo sida dhameystirtay.

Cawaaqib xumada qaadashada magaalooyinka Ruush ah Mongols

Sidaas awgeed, waxaan soo baxay tirada oo magaalooyinka Russia iska caabiyay Ciidamada Mongoliyaan. Waxay ka duulaankii Mongol ka soo gaaray inta badan. Dadka ay sida ugu fiican in la iibiyo galay addoonsiga, iyo ugu xun - si buuxda u soo gooyay. Naftooda iyo sidii magaalo gubay iyo duminayaa dhulka ku. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wax badan oo ka mid ah ayaa weli u suurtagashay in ay ka dib u dhiska. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, soo gudbinta iyo dhammaystirka dhammaan shuruudaha Mongols sida ay muujinayso taariikhda, ma damaanad magaalada, in uu sii joogi doono dhawrsan.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dib markii dhowr boqol oo, madaxda Ruush koray xoog, ku tiirsan oo ay ku jirto magaalada, oo ay awoodaan in ay dib u nebcaaday harqood Mongol-Tatar. muddo A of Muscovite Russia.