Vera Voloshin - feat ah "Gabar la qaadataan taki." Hero of Russia Vera Danilovna Voloshina

Maxaa ka dhigay feat ugu Vera Voloshin? Yaa ay tahay? Kuwani iyo su'aalaha kale ee laga wada hadli doonaa maqaalka. Faith ahaa sahan iyo curyaamin xarunta Army Red a lahaa xarunta Front Galbeed. Gabadhan ayaa la tagay 1941 xaggiisa dambe Jarmal, waana Hero ee Ruushka (1944).

Biography

Feat Vera Voloshina yaqaan in ay dad badan oo. Waxay ku dhalatay 1919, September 30, in tuulada Scheglovskaya (hadda - Kemerovo Magaalooyinka) degmada faras-Tom Parish Kuznetsk gobolka Tomsk in Russia, ee qoyska ka mid ah macalin iyo macdan qode. Markii ay bilaabeen inay tagaan dugsiga, isku midka ah la hawlan isboortiga, ciyaaraha iyo jimicsi. In dugsiga sare, iyadu ku guuleysatay horyaalka ee boodi sare.

Laba kaari Yuri ahayd iyada saaxiib dhow iyo fasalka. Marka Vera qalin toban fasallada, ka dibna waxaan u guurey Moscow. In 1936 ayay la dhigay Institute Gobolka Dhexe ee Waxbarashada Jirdhiska. Isla mar ahaantaana ayay ku qoran Aero Club Moscow, halkaas oo ay bilowday in ay bartaan in ay skydive iyo baasana ay hoggaamiso diyaaradaha I-153 "Chaika". waxa kale oo si dhab ah loo dan weyn gacmeedyada, gabayada iyo toogasho. In 1936, ayay ku qoray war qoraal ah oo u muujiyay in ay jecel yihiin inay ka qayb qaataan dagaalka sokeeye bilowday Spain. Waxay diiday.

Farshaxankii sculptor I. D. Shadr ee 1935 heleen si gobolka ee wax soo saarka ee taxane ah oo farshaxan for madadaalada iyo dhaqanka park loo magacaabay ka dib markii Maxim Gorky, kuwaas oo mar ahaa ku salaysan ee Moscow. Wuxuu u tegey inuu machadka sports balliga halkaas oo uu ka helay arday Voloshin. Koox ka mid ah labaatan ardayda, waxaa ku dhex jirtay Diinta, waxay ahayd in siminaarka of sculptor ah.

Hareereysan ilaha ugu weyn ee laga galo Central Park ayaa taalada ah "Gabar la qaadataan taki ah" - replica ka mid ah iimaanka. la mid ah xad-dhaaf ah oo ka mid ah shuqullada tahay ayaa markii danbe lagu rakibay ee beeraha Midowga dhan. Sida laga soo xigtay macluumaad kale, waa halyeey. In Shadr dhab sameeyey version ugu horeysay ee taalada ee 1934-1935 sano, marka Vera ahayd 15-16 sano jir ah, oo iyana ma noqon karaan arday, qalin jebin dugsiga sare.

Intaa waxaa dheer, version labaad ee taalada la sameeyey ka dib markii dhaleeceyn ka tusaalayaal kale, iyo shuqulkii sculptor ah u badin. Maxaad taalada dhaleeceeyay? Maxaa yeelay, dharkeedii ma ahaayeen kuwo ku durayo xun la caadooyinka puritanical hore u-aasaasay.

Freshman A Vera Danilovna Voloshina ka mid ah ardayda kale u tageen inay sports ee xerada xilliga qaboobaha, oo ku yaalla meel u dhow Serpukhov. Waxaa, iyana waxay noqotay xanuunka hargabka, ay sabab u tahay taas oo iyana waxay noqotay cagaha xanuunsan. Waxay lahaa in la daweeyo muddo dheer, laakiin ugu danbeyn waxaa weli lagu qasbay inuu ka tago dugsiga ee jaamacadda isboortiga.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xoog ururin, Faith in Moscow ku noqday, oo si wadajir ah ula saaxiibbadiis ka Magaalooyinka hooyo galeen ganacsiga University Moscow Cooperative Soviet.

In 1941, in xagaaga soo socda, Vera Danilovna Voloshina sannaddii saddexaad ka dib markii gudbay imtixaanka oo u tegey Zagorsk, meel u dhow Moscow, halkaas oo ay ku qabtay tababar. Si wadajir ah ardayda la dhigata fasalka iyada on June 22, waxaan go'aansaday inaan tagaan safar gaaban u Museum of Trinity Lavra ee St. taliye Sergiyos Bawlos. Jidka, gabdhaha dukaanka waaxda iibsaday Xariir Faith dharka cad. Ka dib oo dhan, sanadka soo socda ayay u qorshaysan in ay guursadaan laba kaari Yuri. Yuri ayaa hore iyada dalab, iyo kuwii ku caashaqi jiray waxay go'aansatay on taariikhda arooska. Isla maalintaas, Vera ogaadeen in dagaalku uu ka bilaabay.

Waxaa la og yahay in Voloshin ku dhintay 1941, on 29 November ee tuulada Golovkova (degmada Naro-Fominsk, gobolka Moscow).

Hawsha ugu horeysay

Ilaa iyo hadda, dadka xusuusan feat ugu Voloshinoy Faith. Waxaa la og yahay in markay ahayd dagaalkii Great Patriotic, Haweenay la ururiyaa si loogu qodo boholo lidka taangiyada iyo godod u dhow ah wajiyadii si Moscow. Bishii Oktoobar, ayay ku biiray madaxda sare ee Ciidanka Cas on iyaga u gaar ah. Waxay diiwaan tirada ciidamada qayb 9903, ka tirsan qaybta sirdoonka ee shaqaalaha ka mid ah line Galbeed ee hore, si ay u qabtaan hawlo xaggiisa dambe cadowga.

Waayo, markii ugu horeysay si ay u fuliyaan hawlgallo dagaal Faith ku hadhay 1941, October 21, aagga u dhow joojiyo tareenka Moscow Zavidovo. Ka dib markii in, weli waa lix jeer guul leh u safray gadaal Jarmalka.

Zoe

ciidanka reer tirada 9903 ee 1941, bishii November, helay xoojiyo. Ka mid ah soo galootiga waxay ahayd Kosmodemyanskaya iyo Zoe, kuwaas oo kaliya ka qalin jebin dugsiga sare. Zoe in kooxdii ugu horeysay ee lagu hayay xoogaa gooni, laakiin ugu dhakhsaha badan Vera helay iyada hab, iyo gabdhaha saaxiibbo bay noqdeen. On uu shaqada ugu danbeeyay ee gubidda (badanoo) ee kulaylku dhibcood iyo inta kale ee cadowga (dayrta ahaa mid aad u qabow) waxay si wadajir ah bidix.

shaqada

In 1941, 21 November, in gadaal ee cadowga ka tagay laba ciidamada. The ugu horeysay ee uu hogaaminayo Kraynov Boris. Komsorgom labaad Voloshin loo magacaabay, oo taliyaha - Provorov Paul. Zoe Kosmodemyanskaya qayb ka mid ah kooxda labaad ahayd. Marka indheeyayaal u gudbeen xagga hore, waxay lahaayeen si ay u abuuraan labada kooxood, mid kasta oo lahaa hawl u gaar ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isgoyska oo ka mid ah dagaalyahanada hore rasaas on cadowga, oo waxay dhaqso u sameeyay unugyo, oo sideeda oo random. Sidaas Jidka Faith iyo Zoe qaybsadeen. Kosmodemyanskoy group madax xagga tuulada Petrishcheva. Faith ayaa sidoo kale sii waday shaqo la saaxiibo uu. Laakiin iyada askartii u dhexeeya magaalooyinka iyo Golovkova Yakshina mar kale hoos dab yimid, ayuu naporovshis si gaadmo Jarmalka. Vera ayaa la dhaawacay oo qabtay by naasiga ah.

Laba ka mid ah iyada oo xulka baadhay Faith ama iyada meyd, laakiin lama helin. Muddo dheer Vera Army Cas Voloshin ku jira liiska dadka la la'yahay. Kaliya ee 1957, si ay shuqulka raadinta oo ka mid ah wariye iyo qoraa G. N. Frolova mahad helay sida Faith dhintay, oo heli qabrigiisa.

dhimashada

Ganaaxa Vera Voloshin - dhacdo daran. Dadka deegaanka ayaa noo sheegay in Faith Jarmalka deldeleen 1941, 29 November, at beerta Golovkova. Markhaati dhimashada gabar ayaa sheegay in kooxda Jarmalka keenay Faith in ay meesha of fulinta on mishiinka. Waxay ka mambar wadada safsaf ku dhisan oo uu soo urursaday tiro badan oo ah fashiistaha. Waxay sidoo kale halkan ka eryay qabtay askari oo Ruush, oo u shaqeeyn jiray biriijka.

First Voloshin ma uu arki karin, laakiin markii derbigu ka dhisan ee mashiinka ayaa laga saaray, dadka gasped. Girl jiifa iyada nigis, kaas oo dhan oo dildillaacay oo lahu dhiig. Gaariga fuusho laba Jarmalka oo doonayay in ay caawiyaan fuuli iimaanka. Laakiin iyadu waxay ku riixay oo, hal gacan si ay qol ku dhegan, helay in ay cagaheeda. The labaad iyada gacanta waxaa ku deldesheen oo sida karbaash - u muuqataa in ay la qalay.

Markaas Vera bilaabay inuu hadlo. Marka hore, ayay tidhi dhawr eray ee Jarmalka, ka dibna u sii Ruush. Waxay sheegtay in ugama cabsato dhimashada, maxaa yeelay waxay ahayd kalsooni ku qaba in ay ku qaadan doonto aargoosi saaxiibo. Waxay sheegtay in Ruush weli ka kor mariyo Jarmalka. erayada ugu danbeysay ee Vera Voloshina weligiis Iambarrada in xusuustiisa deggan Golovkova beerta.

Oo markaas iyadu bilaabeen inay gabyaan. Waxay ku gabyeen "Internationale The", taas oo in times Soofiyeeti had iyo jeer ku gabyeen at shirarka iyo raadiyaha in subaxda iyo fiidka. Jarmalka ayaa dhageystay heesaha of Faith ee aamusnaanta. Sarkaalka, maaraynta dil, askartii waxay ku qayliyeen wax. Waxayna Tuureen Diinta on loop qoorta iyo gaariga booday.

Sarkaalka dhawaaday dareewal ah oo u sheegay in ay ka barta guurto. Oo aan u guurto, dhammaantood waxay ahaayeen wax cad. Sida muuqata, weli waxa uu u adeegsaday in ay sudhan yihiin dadka ma uu samayn. Sarkaalka ka dibna ka qaaday inuu holster revolver oo codkoodiina wax dareewal. Sida muuqata, wuxuu si xoog leh u dhaartay. Wuxuu u muuqday in toosi, oo gaariga tegey. Faith weli qaylin laga yaabaa si qaylo ah in tuulada orday dhiig qabow: "Madaxweynaha oo sagootiyey, saaxiibo," Marka markhaatiga indhaheedii furay, oo waxay aragtay in Vera ayaa u dhegaysanayay.

qabriga

Feat Vera Voloshina dadka waligey illoobi doonin. Kaliya ee bartamihii December, cadowga gurteen, oo dadka deegaanka ay awoodaan in ay safsaf Golovkova in meesha laga saaro jirka ah ee Faith ah. Waxay u aasay halkan sharaf buuxa. hadhaagii iyada ayaa ka dib loo wareejiyay xabaalo wadareedyo, oo ku yaalla Kryukov ah.

Muddo ka dib sawir gabdhaha ku deldesheen oo la helay ee archives Jarmal. Aqoonyahano badan ayaa waxay aaminsan yihiin in ay soo bixitaankii rigoore Voloshin.

khasaare hagaajin karin

tuulada Petrishcheva waxaa ku yaal toban kiiloomitir u jirta Golovkova. Maalinta fulinta Faith ee ay xarun lagu daldalay iyo Kosmodemyanskaya Zoe.

Hero of Midowga Soviet laba kaari Yuri jecel yahay Faith, sidoo kale ka badbaaday dagaalka. Wuxuu dhintay isagoo tallaabo by qeyb qaadanaya howlgalka of Mogilev ah.

gunnadooda,

Waxaa la og yahay in Vera Voloshina - Hero of Russia. badideed ayaa waxaa la guddoonsiiyey iyadii 1994, 6 May. In 1966, on January 27 wargeyska "Pravda" waxaa la daabacay maqaalka Frolova Georgiya Nikolaevicha, "Order ee gabadhii."

Bishii September, waxaan qabtay munaasabadaha dabaaldegga ah ka go'an in ay Battle of Moscow. Oo xilligan M. P. Georgadze (Xoghayaha Presidium Golaha Sare USSR) soo bandhigay hooyada of Faith Order of heerka War aan Patriotic.

matxafyada

Heshii, Vera Voloshina Biography la yaab leh. The matxafyada soo socda ayaa la abuuray iyada sharafba,

• Museum of Voloshin Faith iyo laba kaari Yuri (Kemerovo, tirada School 12).
• Qayb ka mid ah bandhiga, galiyey matxaf taariikhi ah (Naro-Fominsk, gobolka Moscow).
• Club "Xasuusta" (hore ee Vera Voloshina Museum tuulada degmada Kryukovo, Naro-Fominsk).

xusuusta

In sharaf of halyeeyad ee taxadiri kuwan rakiban yihiin:

• Monument of Faith Voloshinoy in Golovkova (degmada Naro-Fominsk, gobolka Moscow).
• Voloshin Monument tuulada Kryukovo ah (degmada Naro-Fominsk, gobolka Moscow).
• Waxaa Str. iimaanka Voloshinoy in Mytishchi, Kemerovo, Dagestan Ogni, Belovo (gobolka Kemerovo).
• In 2017, waxaa loo magacaabay in buugga tilmaan Degmada Khoroshyovsky waqooyiga degmada Maamulka Moscow (dhoocil saadaaliyey tirada wadada 6084).
• hiddaha carruurta House ee Naro-Fominsk sidoo kale magaceeduna wuxuu xirtaa.
• Waxaan u yeedhay magaceeda park magaalada magaalada Kemerovo.
• Tirada School 12 Kemerovo magaceeda furaa.
• Ship shirkadda Azov maraakiibta ayaa loo magacaabay ka dib markii halyeeyad ah.
• Faith ayaa loo magacaabay ka dib markii tuulada Golovkova Sfax Lyceum, halkaas oo halyeeyad uu dhintay.
• Abuuray filimka documentary "Vera Voloshin: dilay laba jeer" (Workshop "Third Rome", 2007).
• Magaca iimaanka inuu magacaabo meeraha yar 2009 Voloshina.
• Yaroslavsky jihada waddada tareenka ee Moscow bilaabay inuu tago tareenka "magaca Hero of Russia Vera Voloshina" tan iyo 2003.

farshaxan

Waa maxay farshaxan "Gabar la qaadataan taki?" caanka ah Maxaa ka dhigay, wuu ku wanaagsan? "Gabar la qaadataan taki" - Magaca guud ee farshaxan, sameeyey waqtiyo kala duwan by sculptors Romuald Iodko iyo Ivanom Shadrom. Waxa uu noqday isku si tixraac iyaga farshaxan malaastaan isku mid ( "gypsum xaqiiqo hantiwadaagga"), taas oo in muddo ah Soviet lagu qurxiyey beeraha xilliga firaaqada iyo dhaqanka.

Waxaa la og yahay in hoos u of Gorky Moscow ee Park ee 1934 ku hawlan naqshadeeyaha ugu Alexander Vlasov. Waxa uu go'aansaday in la dhiso balli la il fikrad qaar toosan ee tirada dumarka. Tan iyo bilowgii Vlasov horay hagaajiyaa Ivan Shadra ku saabsan iska dhigaya in park ee ka eryaa kala duwan oo farshaxan heer sare ah, naqshadeeyaha ugu aaminay in ay isaga sculpt farshaxan meelaha ugu muhiimsan ee madadaalada.

Shadr in isla sanadkaas wuxuu bilaabay shaqeeya on taalada "Gabar la qaadataan taki." Its height, wada jir ah ula saldhig oo naxaas ah a waa in ay ahaataa 12 mitir. Maxaad u yaqaaniin waxa ay si sare? Waxaa ka iskeelka yimid sida ay dhinacyada luuqyo il iyo park taasoo keentay in ay ku. Taaladii laga helay 1935 ee xarunta of isha park oo ku saabsan track ugu weyn.

Sida ay legend, sculptor sida model la doortay Vera Voloshin, ku saabsan kor ku xusan waxa aynu ka wada hadalnay. taalada The gaysteen oo ah gabar-Orodyahanka aan dhar, taagan iyo kuhaayaan uu taki gacantiisa midig. Her tiradaasi ahayd dhaqdhaqaaqa kala duwan ee Warega of madaxa iyo jir, qaababka caag ah oo awood badan. Her timaha waxaa qaloocdo laba "geesahood ah", madaxa waxaa si cad loogu qeexey, qoorta iyo foodda si buuxda u furan yahay.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, guddiga doorashada ayaa ku dhaleeceeyay Shadr shaqada, oo ay ku jiraan sare sare, iyo in isla sanadkaas, taalada la dhaqaaqay park dheeldheel iyo dhaqanka ee Luhansk. In Tretyakov Gallery ee waa sii raagayaan ay nuqul yareeyo. At ku adkeysaneyso in uu naagtiisa ka Shadr shaqo ku malaastaan ee 1950 abuuray naxaas ah.

In xagaagii 1936 Ivan Shadr dhisay taalo cusub oo sideed-qaaddey ee la taaban karo muraayadaha madow. In waqtigan waxa ay noqotay model ah tababare jimicsi ah Bedrinskaya Zoe. Farshaxan lagu rakibay on columns fluted ee xarunta of isha. Qiyaastii waxaa ku dhacay jet biyaha, abuurista nooc ka mid ah daah. In 1941, markii farshaxan la burburiyey qarax.

Qaar ka mid ah waxay aaminsan yihiin in taalada Shadr adeegay sidii prototypes soo saarka ee gypsum koobi raqiis ah in tiro badan oo ku qeexan beeraha ku dhow oo dhan Midowga Soofiyeeti. Dhab ahaantii, waxay la sameeyey in image ee sculptor ee R. R. Iodko la magac la mid ah, ka abuuray isaga by ee 1936 waayo park "Dinamo" hydrophytic garoonka. taalada waxaa loo sameeyey ee gypsum iyo lahaa height ah 2.5 m. Marka la barbardhigo shadrovskoy "gabar" taalada Iodko haysta ul doon ah on gacanta bidix iyo xidhashada salsaarasho.

In 1935 Iodko Romuald dhigay taalada ee "Gabar la qaadataan taki ah" for isha. Marka hore waxaa la xiraa si Cherkizovo on garoonka Moscow ee "Electric". taalada The gaysteen oo qof dumar ah oo lugta bidix taagan. Waxay cagtiisa midig saaro meeshii ilayska, jiidaya weeraryahanka jilibka. gacanta bidix dhexdeeda waxaa hoos u taabtay qof dumar ah bowdada iyo xaq gacanta ku tiirsanaa seebabka. Waxay ahayd mid xiran a T-shirt iyo gaab. taalada Tani waxay sidoo kale u adeegay sidii noocooda ah ee samaynta koobi.

maanta

Sanadkii 2011, bishii April, nuqul ka mid ah taalada la dhigay on usheeda dhexe ee Crimean at Tretyakov Gallery ah. Isla mar ahaantaana Kapkov Sergey (agaasimaha Gorky Park) ayaa sheegay in taalada la soo celin doonaa beerta.

In 2011, 3 September, leydin taalada ay ahayd in lagu meeleeyaa Park Dhexe (gudahood xuduudaha regatta qowmiyadaha "Golden Doon"). Iyadoo la tixraacayo park fariin farshaxan wakiilka waxaa la aasaasay sanadkii 2011, 1 September, iyo furay on September 3 Maalinta City ka.

xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

Waxaa la og yahay in ku saabsan gabar la qaadataan taki kooban songs,

• Valery Sjutkin.
• Kimmelfeld Dmitry.
• "Underwood" ( "button cas" album).
• "Aquarium" group (heestii "White Horse").

In accordionist iyo laxamiistaha galidoonaan "Birch" V. Temnova song ayaa sidoo kale carrabaabay, farshaxan caanka ah.