Unugyada - waa difaaca jirka ee

globulins gaar ah la sameeyey by jidhka ka yar tallaabada of antigen ee loo yaqaan antibodies. Kuwani waxay guryaha gaarka ah waxaa ka mid ah awoodda xarunta si antigen ah ay sabab u tahay waxbarashada, iyo sidoo kale jirka oo ilaalinaya waxii jeermis ah. Unugyada difaaca - a neutralizing wakiilada faafa, yaraynta nuglaato in saamaynta complement ugu dambeeyay ama phagocytes.

Waxaa jira laba qaybood oo ka mid ah unugyada:

1. -Qaabo, ama dhamaystiran. Ay la dhexgalo antigen siinayaa habka a arki karo immunoassay sida roobka ama falcelin agglutination.
2. Nepritsipitiruyuschie, ama aan dhameystirneyn. Qaybtan waxaa ka xanibeen antibodies. Iyagu ma ay siin cadaanyo arki karo waqtiga la xidhiidha antigen ah.

content ee unugyada difaaca jirka ee serum aadanaha

Difaaca jirka waa saamaynta kala duwan ee sheyga: antitoxic, anti-microbial iyo antikletochny. Waxaa jira antibodies in takhalusi virus iyo fadhiisiyaa spirochetes.

Unugyada kala RBCs kuwa xabagta (haemagglutinin) ahaa erythrocytes kala diri (hemolysin) oo ku allabaryi jireen xoolaha unugyada (cytotoxins).

Against borotiinada iyaga u gaar ah in burburinta xubnaha iyo unugyada waa autoantibodies ah. Waxaa loo soo saaray daayo antigen ah ee jirka ku jira badala qaab-dhismeedka kiimikada.

serum waxaa lagu ogaan karaa wareegaya antibodies. Tani falanqaynta on antibodies, ay qabatay ku saleysan reactions difaaca, sida u qardarin complement, roobab ama agglutination. Waxa ay muujinaysaa in labada foomamka dusha unugyada intracellular iyo la xiriira.

Xasaanadda. hawlaha antibody

The serum ficil qof caafimaad qaba ku jira unugyada difaaca dabiiciga ah. jidhkan, bixinta difaac. Waxbarashada, sida ay immunologists, dhacdaa saddex hababka ugu muhiimsan:

1. Hiddaha goostay oo aan ku heshaa ah antigenic.
2. Reaction in cudurada yar weeraraan, aan awoodin inay sababaan cudurro.
3. Response ee jirka aadanaha on saamaynta koox ka mid ah sheyga ama cunto antigen.

Qaab dhismeedka kiimikada ee antibodies

Unugyada ay si dhow u la xiriira jajab Y-globulin of protein serum. In ay ka maqan, waxaa agammaglobulinemia cudurka, kuna waari dhexdeeda antibody aan la soo saaro jidhka. Immunoglobulins waxaa loo kala saaraa galay kala duwan ee qaab-dhismeedka kiimikada iyo noolaha shan hawlaha, fasalada, G, A, M, D, E.

Immunoglobulin G, ama unugyada igg, kaalin ugu muhiimsan ee formation of difaaca jirka ee muujinta noocyada iyo noocyo of cudurro kala duwan.

IgG raasamaal antibody in jidhku waa si tartiib ah. Bilowga aad cudurka tirada yar yahay. Laakiin horumarinta sawirka clinical, tirada unugyada bilaabaa in uu si degdeg ah u koraan, siinta shaqo ka ilaaliya.

Dhismaha immunoglobulins

Qaab dhismeedka fasalka immunoglobulin G yahay Britain monomer oo ka mid ah bonds polypeptide 4 protein ah. Tani waxay laba-labo, mid kasta oo ka kooban hal culus iyo mid silsilad iftiinka. At ku dhammaato ah silsilado, labada nin kasta isagoo qayb ka mid ah waxa loogu yeero "site firfircoon." Xarunta ayaa ka mas'uul ah isku xidhaha la antigen sababa formation of unugyada. antibodies igG on dhammaato ay leeyihiin laba "goobaha firfircoon". Sidaas awgeed, waxay yihiin bivalent oo ay awoodaan in ay ku xidhaan in ay laba u taagoo antigen. Unugyada difaaca - factor neutralizing a daliilka faafa.

Under microscope electron ah igG Britain ayaa qaab reer ellipse ah elongated la darafyadiisa beesho. meel qaabeynta qayb firfircoon ee unugyada ku eg dalool yar oo u dhiganta ahayn tilmaame antigenic sida furaha kulan fure u ah.