Ukraine: deynta dibadda - jebiyo dhaqaale ama hab jiritaanka?

Ukraine - dalka khayraadka-hodanka ah leh cimilada diiran khafiif ah, warshadaha horumariyo iyo dadka adag-shaqeeya ah. Jidkiisu waa bilowgii, adigoo aan ka danbeeya deynta qaranka. Waan u dabacsanaan karnaa oo keliya xaqiiqda ah, oo deynta dibadda ee Ukraine ayaa helay 2015.

laga bilaabo wadada

Ukraine ayaa bilaabay in ay taariikhda tahay dawlad madax bannaan ee 1991. Russia noqday bedelka ee USSR ah, oo ay ku jiraan dadaalka qaadatay on deynta oo ka mid ah Jamhuuriyadda hore ee Soviet.

"Taariikhda credit" dhibic Tixraaca Ukraine la oran karo July 15, 1992. On maanta, Verkhovna Rada ee damaanado gobolka sharciyeysan oo ku saabsan amaahda shirkadaha Yukreeniyaan ka badan kuwa badan oo iyaga ka mid ah ayaa ka faa'iidaystay. Just sidaa daraadeed waxa uu soo jiitay $ 2 billion. Inta badan lacagta la siiyo Ukraine. deynta dibadda ee shirkadaha, hadda gobolka ma bakhtido ilaa haatan.

In 1993, ee dhista-up sii daynta iyo dhibaatooyinka ay gaareen heer ah ee $ 3.6 billion. Its amaahda ugu horeysay Ukraine ayaa helay Russia. In dalalka cusub waxa aan ahaa weli ay lacagta u gaar ah in wareegga ahaa Ruble Ruushka. Ka faa'iidaysanaya dulduleelo sharciga, Ukraine si firfircoon "daabacan" rubles elektaroonik ah, iyaga bixinta badeecadaha Ruush. deriskiisa dhaqanka sida Eastern waxaa loo arkaa been abuur ah, iyo tiro ka mid ah ayaa ka dib lagu qurxiyey sida amaah badeecadaha a.

Ukraine iyo hay'adaha maaliyadeed ee caalamiga ah

Tan iyo 1994, Ukraine bilaabeen inay si dhow ula eegto in hay'adaha amaahda caalamiga ah. Si aad u qaadato waxaa lacagta looga baahan yahay inay si adag u dhawrtaan anshaxa dhaqaale. The caasiyoobay warshadu hawada lacag dhamaadka 1994 la joojiyo. Si aad u beddesho Bank National ay sii korayaan miisaaniyadda barnaamijka cishood ah ee bonds dowladda Ukraine ah. Waxay kasoo muuqan lahaa maturities gaaban iyo dulsaarka sare.

Bonds 1995 suurtagashay in ay iska iibiso 300 milyan oo hryvnia ee sanadka soo socda mar hore 1.5 billion. Dabcan, siyaasaddan ayaa horseeday dhibaatooyin qabsshada deynta. In 1995, Russia qoray off qeyb ka mid ah deynta ee qadarka $ 1.1 billion oo dib u dhigitaanka qayb ka soo hadhay ee 1997, waxaa jira tiro ka mid ah heshiisyada kale - gaar ahaan, aqbali bixinta bonds gobolka gaaska.

hoos u dhaca miisaaniyada waxa uu ahaa 1997. Laakiin si ay u soo jiitaan dibada oo dhan $ 1,145 bilyan oo aan suurto gal ahayd - hay'adaha maaliyadeed ee caalamiga ah ma ku habboon Xawliga ah ee dib u habaynta dalka. Yaraanta daboolay sidii caadiga ahayd - daayo silsilado-dhalidda sare. Saacadda xisaabxidhka yimid sanadkii 1999. Dowladda ayaa waxa uu awoodi waayay in uu bixiyo xiiso on gooyeen, oo u tegey si ay u eegaan shuruudaha lacag bixinta. maturities ayaa heerka labaad iyo dulsaarka deynta hoos.

Waayo, dhaqaalaha ee Ukraine, waayo, 1999 waxa uu ahaa sanad ugu adag ee ay taariikhda. qiimadhaca of hryvnia ah, rikoor GDP hooseeyo iyo la bixin kari dhacay sanadkan. By 1 January 2000 deynta qaranka ahayd $ 12.5 billion, ama 60% of GDP. Kordhinta faa'iidooyinka iyo qiimaha wanaagsan ee warshadaha iyo Khimprom hubiyo Ukraine 's koboc dhaqaale ilaa 2008. Muddadan, lacagaha amaahatay shiidaa aan lug, oo amaahdii total si tartiib tartiib ah hoos u dhacay.

Ukraine: deynta dibadda intii lagu jiray xiisadda 2008

Dhibaatooyinka caalamiga ah ayaa qabtay dhaqaalaha Yukreeniyaan. Si looga hortago ku-rogga negative la IMF ee la isku raacay size amaah ah $ 16.5 billion iyada oo qaan ah oo 15 sano. Waqtigaa, gaaska iyo Ruush isku dhaca marka aad diido in aad bixiso gaaska Gazprom qasbay xirmi sahayda shidaalka. Xiisadda sii galay 2009.

Shaxdan waxay muujinaya deynta dibadda ee Ukraine sannad ka sannad, waa ay fududahay in aragto kaca ee loo aaneynayaa, kuwaas oo 2 sano. Haddii ay ahayd $ 54 billion, by bilowgii 2010 koray ilaa $ 103 billion Xiisadda ayaa si xad dhaaf booday ratio oo qaan dibadda si GDP ee Ukraine sanadkii 2007 -. Laga soo bilaabo 55 ilaa 85%.

Laga soo bilaabo dayrta ah inuu dhaco

Hoos u dhaca dhaqaalaha joojiyay sannadkii 2012, in quarter 2aad ahaa xataa koritaanka qaar ka mid ah. In 2 sano ee soo socota, waxaa jiray hoos u dhac of GDP by 1-2%. Dhaqaalaha waa kafado ku sugnayn, laakiin isbedelka siyaasadeed ee dabayaaqadii 2013 - horraantii 2014 sababay in ay hoos u deg deg ah.

isbedel xoog leh awood in February 2014 keentay in xasillooni bari ee Ukraine. Russia ganaax la sii daayo wajigii 2-aad ee wadarta guud ee $ 15 billion, heshiis la dawladdii hore. Ukraine, kuwaas oo deynta dibadda si Gazprom gaadhay Joogaba, fisqi, noqdaan qasbay in ay iibsato gaaska ku salaysan prepaid. Laga soo bilaabo tan waxaa macquul ah in ay lacag kor ka Russia lumay si ay u Ukraine.

nidaam cusub si ba'an u baahan yahay taageero dibadda ah oo xidhiidh la leh kala of Crimean iyo dagaalka Donbas ah - gobol kuwaas oo qayb GDP gaadhay 20%. Ukraine, kuwaas oo deynta dibadda ayaa gaaray Joogaba, naxdinta, tirin karin gargaar IMF. Gargaarka waxaa bixiyey, laakiin tiro ka mid ah xaaladaha.

shuruudaha Standard for IMF wadamada qabtay god dhaqaale - yareynta kharashka miisaaniyadda, kororka canshuuraha dadka, anshaxa dhaqaale adag.

Saadaasha iyo rajada

dhibaatooyinka dhaqaalaha iyo hoos u of kaydka lacagaha qalaad sababtay qiima ah hryvnia in ay 3 jeer. Adeegga deynta dibadda caawimada ee doolarka Maraykanka, ayaa noqday hawsha niyad jebinaysaa. deynta dibadda ee Ukraine, kuwaas oo lacag jadwalka ekaan jiifo ah, oo halis ku ah waqti kasta in la keeno dalka si ay u fulin waaya. Inkasta oo ay u xajin amaahda cusub sabbaynaya oo kaliya iyo aad u badan.