Turbo engine: description, astaamaha, mabda'a shaqada iyo sawiro

Darawal walba waa ogyahay in engine ku sari gudaha on the qalab iyo mabda'a hawlgalka waxaa loo qaybiyaa Hawada iyo turbocharged. Laakiin qof kasta oo aan fahamsan yahay farqiga u dhexeeya unugyada xoogga. Bal aynu eegno farqiga u dhexeeya engine turbo ah, sida ay u shaqayso iyo sida ay u shaqayso. Ogaha kuwan matoorrada in Tusaale unugyada casriga ah group VAG.

petrol turbo

turbo baatrool - waa mishiin lihi gudaha la kiimikaysan kordhay sababo la marawaxadaha ah degree of riixo qolalka. Kordhi ee tilmaanta u siyaadiyaa ah in awoodda iyo sifooyinka kale ee farsamada. Ever tan iyo markii la aasaasay ka mid ah injineerada horeysay sari engine gudaha ayaa isku dayay in ay dar xoog aan isbedel la taaban karo ee mugga barakaca ee engine ah.

Ugu jaleecada hore, go'aanka uu ahaa ficil dushiisa - Waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan si ay u caawiyaan motor ka fiican in ay "neefsato". Tani waxay ku siin lahaa sifooyinka sari ugu fiican ee isku dar ah shidaalka. Tani waxaa lagu gaari karaa by sahayda hawada dheeraad ah. Sidaa awgeed, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah si ay ugu deeqdo galay dhululubada waxaa lagu qasbay, cadaadis. Iyadoo mugga hawada dheeraad ah oo shidaal ah si buuxda u combusted, oo ka caawin doona in la kordhiyo awoodda. Laakiin teknoolajiyada waxyaalahan waxaa loo soo bandhigay si tartiib ah. Bilowga qalabka turbo-kombaresarada la isticmaalo oo kaliya matoorada waaweyn ee maraakiibta iyo diyaaradaha.

baatrool History turbocharged engine sari gudaha

The engine turbo marka hore lagu rakibay ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay. First baabuurta turbocharged engine sari gudaha bilaabay inuu soo saaro 1938. In 60 ee hore ee dalka Mareykanka ayaa bilaabay in ay soo saaraan matoorada hore iyo marawaxadaha baabuurta rakaabka. baabuur Tani Oldmobile Jetfire iyo Chevrolet Corvair Monza. Maxaa yeelay, dhammaan matoorada kartiyeed waxaa lagu gartaa isku halaynta sare iyo cimri dherer.

Bilow caan

Popular turbocharged engine sari gudaha bilaabay in 70s ee. Markaasay waxay ka bilaabeen inay dhisaan gawaarida sports ballaaran. Laakiin in engine rayidka ah baabuurta turbo ma noqon caan ah sababta oo ah isticmaalka shidaalka sare. khaladkaasi Tani is khilaafeen oo dhan matoorada shidaal turbocharged ee Zaman. Laakiin isticmaalka shidaalka aad u muhiim wakhtigaas ahaa. Markan lahaa dhibaatada shidaal 70s ka.

baatrool Device engine turbo-sari

geynta wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa powertrain turbocharged baatrool waa isticmaalka kombaresarada gaar ah. Dhibaatada la soo dhaafay - mudaa mugga hawada dheeraad ah oo qolkii sari. By hagaajinta buuxintii dhululubada la isku dar ah ee hawada iyo shidaalka cadaadis sii kordhaya ee celceliska wax ku ool ah oo awood halkii wareegga u korodho. nidaamka drive ee turbochargers gaaska qiiqa waxaa loo isticmaalaa, tamarta kuwaas oo sameeya shaqo waxtar leh.

kombaresarada Modern waa hay'ad la dhalista ah, wheel a, waalka isku tallaalidda ah, guryaha marawaxadaha ah. la heli karo si saliidayn ku channels doonana. Sidoo kale in qaab dhismeedka of qodaa rotor, ee saa'idka, kombaresarada ah, leewarka pneumatic ee biiyaha isku tallaalidda ah. In kiiska halkaas oo saa'idka ah oo dhajinta, waxaa iman Jaha rotor ah. Waa usheeda dhexe la marawaxadaha iyo kombaresarada giraangirihiina Jaha waxa on. Ugu dambeyntii waxaa jira garbaha. rotor Tani isku shaandheyn karaa adoo riixaya fikirtaan. Waayo, sifaynta iyo saliid qaboojinta waxaa bixisey nidaamka sifaynta ee engine ah. Si ay u sii qaboojiyey guryaha sita, iyo channels coolant sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa. element kombaresarada Tan waxaa loo sameeyey in qaab reer mulaca ah.

Mabda 'hawlgalka

biiyaha marawaxadaha ku xiran yahay si ay u kala cayncayn ah qaaca. kombaresarada A - gacanka. Sida horeba loo xusay, turbocharger ee la eryay by tamarta gaaska qaaca. Waxay la xiriirto rotor marawaxadaha la wareejiyo, oon ku siiyo tamarta. Dheeraad ah, iyada oo qaaca gaasas biibiile galaan nidaamka qaaca.

oo giraangir kombaresarada "mulaca" a dhajinta on usheeda dhexe isla. Sababo la wareeg ee wheel kombaresarada marawaxadaha ku nuugayo hawada ka filter hawada iyo shubmayo qolkii sari. Iyada oo ku xidhan heerka qalab boost ku hagaajin karaan xoog cadaadis ka 30% ilaa 80%. Iyadoo engine la mug isku mid ah oo isku dar qaadan karaa xaddi badan. Waa marayo unit awood this waxaa kor u kacay 20% ilaa 50%. gaasas Qiiqa iyo tamarta waxaa inta badan kor u kacay oolnimada motor.

unugyada turbo

Ku dhowaad isku mid ah waxaa la qabanqaabiyaa iyo turbo engine ah (naaftada). Mabda'a hawlgalka ee turbocharger ah kama duwana baatrool ah. Faraqa kaliya - joogitaanka intercooler ah. Tani waa hab gaar ah in uu qaboobo hawada ka hor soo galo dhululubada ah. mugga hawada qabow ka yar diiran. Taas macnaheedu waa in hawada qabow karaa "tuurid" in dhululubo ee tirada weyn.

matoorada TSI

Cutubyada waxaa loo rakibo on model hadda ee "Volkswagen" gaariga "Audi" iyo "Skoda". Kulligood waxay ka tirsan tahay walaac la mid ah. Soo-saareyaasha ayaa sheegan in tani ay tahay jiil cusub oo matoorada, kaas oo isku daraa awood iyo hufnaan. Xaaladdan oo kale waxaa lagama maarmaan ma aha in ay sugaan la engine caadiga classical gudaha sari ee mugga yar yahay, awood gaar ah isaga ka soo. Haddii miisaanka gaariga waa loo siman yahay si hal ton, iyo engine low-awood, waxay keeni lahaa in isticmaalka shidaalka sare sabab u tahay dhaqdhaqaaqa hoose iyo howlgalka xawaare sare.

Engine la mugga weyn ee heerka socodka sare ay sabab u tahay soo kordha qolkii sari. Turbo-matoorada ( "Skoda Octavia", "Volkswagen" iyo "Audi") - waa mucjiso of injineernimada. Cutubyadii awoodeed isku daro isticmaalka suubban iyo awood ku filan ee mugga yar.

TSI: qalab

By mugga, unugyada waxaa laga yaabaa kala duwan. Sayidka, DVS soo saaro 1.2; 1.4; 1.6 litir. Oo turbo engine ee 1.8, 2.0 l. awood engine korodhka ay sabab u tahay mugga weyn. Waana go'aan sax ah. Ka dibna laga hadlo khilaafaadka ka.

Turbocharged iyo supercharged

TSI - waa labada unit turbocharged iyo supercharged. Kooxda VAG khubaro ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa design this si ay u xaliyaan dhibaatada of motor caadiga ah. Waxaa gesha ku REVS engine yar. Haddii aan ka fiirsan turbo ah classic, hawlaha "mulaca" sabab u gabaabsi gaasaska. ciidanka cadaadiska shaqada ee xawaaraha yar ma ogola supercharger in la abuuro ciidan la doonayo iyo quudin qolkii sari ee qadar ku filan oo hawada.

1.8 engine turbo ( "VW") rakibay kombaresarada. Isagu ma siin awood leh in lagu dhaco. Xuddunta ugu badan ee ah engine Hawada caadiga ah waa qiyaastii 5000 rev. / Min. In the case of matoorrada TSI badnaan Xuddunta waa in kala duwan ee ka 1500 rev. / Min in 4500 rev. / Min. kala duwan oo shaqo Tani, taas oo loo isticmaalo by darawallada ugu. The matoorrada TSI iyadoo la isticmaalayo laba marawaxadaha waa cadaadiyay in 2.5 bar.

kombaresarada

shirkan ka shaqeeya by nooc suunka drive gaar ah. Waxa uu leeyahay cabirku yahay marsho sare. hawadda ayaa la demin kaliya marka darawalku u riixay on gaaska. Xawaare ku dhow yahay inuu cidleeyo, cadaadiska of 0,8 BAR - taasi waa badan ilaa xad ah. Sababo la this, waxa ay taasi waxqabadka firfircoon u fiican. Tan iyo engine la socda "Audi" TSI 1.8 turbo. Qarni ka hor, matoorrada, kuwaas oo aan la qalabeeyey kombaresarada ah. Waxaa jira oo keliya marawaxadaha ah.

The engine turbocharged 1,8 ka "VW"

Cutubkani waa suuqa ilaa 20 sano. Tani model of engine ku sari gudaha waa mid aad u caan ah oo bilaabay baahida loo qabo matoorada la turbocharging. engine Tani waxay ku qalabeysan yahay noocyo badan oo ka mid ah baabuurta ka tirsan VAG ah. ugu horeysay ee shirkan ka dhacay 1995.

Waayo, markii ugu horeysay engine ah ( "Volkswagen Passat" B5) 1.8 turbo lagu rakibay on Audi "A4" ah (haa, waxay isticmaalaan matoorrada isku mid ah). Sida muuqaalada ka, waxaa jira dhowr lagu daydo oo leh awood ah 150 iyo 210 hooras. Sannadkii 2002 waxaan abuuray awoodda engine ee 190 "fardo". engine The turbocharged ah "Volkswagen" waxay ahayd bilowgii falsafada ah gebi ahaan cusub oo la tixgelinayo engine batroolka. Wuxuu siiyey qaab ciyaareed wanaagsan leh qadar yar ay sabab u tahay marawaxadaha ah. Faa'iidada of this mashiinka waa rabitaanka dhexdhexaad ah. "A4" model ah "Audi" gubtay 8 litir oo 100 kiiloomitir on waddada. In goobaha magaalooyinka ah, isticmaalka shidaalka ma aha in ka badan 10 litir. By isagoo waalka 20 ee madaxa dhululubo iyo turbocharger ah, injineerada "VW" heli kartaa heerka sare ee Xuddunta hor dardarta lagu gaaray in heerka 2 kun.

Sidaas daraaddeed, engine tani waxaa la isku daro barti aad u fiican, kaas oo ku waani in goobaha turbo, laakiin dhaqanka shaqada - shidaalka. Cutubkani wuxuu sidoo kale diyaar loo rogi karaa in ay gaaska. warshad waa mid ka mid ah ugu wanaagsan ee kala duwan oo dhan. Performance, isticmaalka shidaalka dhexdhexaad ah iyo isku halaynta sare ku faani karo engine. "Passat" (1.8 turbo) ma laha unit dhismaha ka maqan. Hadda, in xilligii casri ah oo ka mid ah TSI, engine this lahayn wax loo siman yahay.

Turbo: faa'iidada iyo khasaaraha

oo lagu daray weyn ee ah in uu leeyahay turbo - kordhay awood. Tani waa goolkii ugu weyn, taas oo lagu gaarey oo aan isbedel la taaban karo ee qaab-dhismeedka. Marka muda siman Hawada engine matoorrada turbo samatabbixin karaa ilaa Xuddunta 70% dheeraad ah iyo xoogga. Kombaresarada yaraynaysaa boqolleyda waxyaabo waxyeello in gaasaska qaaca. engine The qalabaysan marawaxadaha uu leeyahay heer buuq aad u hoosaysa. Quwadda waxaa lagu rakibi karo on baabuurta kasta. khasaare ugu weyn - isticmaalka shidaalka sare. Inta ay kor u hawada, iyo kordhiyaa lacagta shidaalka baabbi'iyey. dhibaatada injineerada Tani ma xallin karo. Sidoo kale khasaaraha ka mid ah ku adag tahay in hawlgalka. Kuwani matoorada sari gudaha waa mid aad u xasaasi u ah tayada shidaalka iyo saliidda. Waxa intaa dheer in khasaaraha ka mid ah nolosha hooseeyo oo saliid ah iyo nadiifinta diirada. motor ayaa waddaa xawaare sare. Sababo la saliid this si deg deg ah u lumiya hantida.