Thor Heyerdahl: buugaagta, safarka iyo Biography. Yuu yahay Thor Heyerdahl?

maanta waxaan ku bixin in la ogyahay mid ka mid ah dadka ugu caansan qarnigii XX ah - Thor Heyerdahl. Anthropology Tani Norwegian caan ah oo dhan in ay guutadii in ay goobaha qalaad iyo buugaag badan u huray in uu safaradiisa iyo cilmi mahad dunida. Oo haddii inta badan ee muwaadiniinta nala ogaadaan jawaabta su'aasha ah yaa Thor Heyerdahl, faahfaahinta naftiisa shakhsiga ah iyo dhawr aqoon xirfadeed. Sidaa darteed, waxaan eegaynaa this nin weyn ku dhow.

Thor Heyerdahl: photo, carruurnimada

saynisyahan The dunida-caan mustaqbalka iyo Musaafurka, waxa uu ku dhashay on October 6, 1914 tuulo yar oo lagu magacaabo Norwegian Larvik. Waxa xiiso leh in in qoyska Heyerdahl la odhan jiray wiilal magacaabay Tour. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in labada madaxa qoyska - milkiilaha warshad khamri ah, iyo sidoo kale hooyada - shaqaalaha museum anthropological, guurka ahaa kii saddexaad oo xiriir ah, iyo waxa ay toddoba carruur sara kiciyey, waxa uu ahaa wiilkii yaraa, waxaa la go'aamiyay inuu magacaabo safar guryaha qoyska. Aabbaha, markii uu horay u ahaa nin waayeel ah (wakhtiga wiilkiisa dhalashada uu ahaa 50 sano jir), waxay leeyihiin khayraad ku filan iyo farxad weyn in u safreen Yurub. In safaro uu uu qaadan lahaa iyo wiilka. Hooyo jeclaa Tour iyo kaliya ma isaga Daadiyey Jacayl iyo dareenka, laakiin sidoo kale ku hawlan uu waxbarashada. Waxaa iyada u mahad, wiilka toosisay xiiso aad u hore ee cilmi barasho xayawaan. xamaasad noocan oo kale ah iyo dhiirigelin ka waalidka keentay in xaqiiqda ah in Thor Heyerdahl abuuray yar guri Buslhada Museum, soo bandhigid ugu cajiib ah taas oo ahayd jilbis cufan. Waxaa halkan ahaa, iyo waxyaabo badan oo xiiso leh, ka dal fog keenay. Sidaas ma aha la yaab leh in martida u yimaadeen inay qoyska Heyerdahl ma ahan oo keliya koob shaah ah, laakiin on safar yar.

dhalinyarada

Markii uu ka tagay iskuulka ee 1933, Thor Heyerdahl galay Jaamacadda Oslo ee waaxda Buslhada, ma jiro mid ka mid ah qaraabada uu ma yaabeen. Iyadoo waxbarashada ee jaamacadda, ayuu Nagi cilmi barasho xayawaan uu jecel yahay waqti badan, laakiin si tartiib ah u bilaabay si aad u hesho dhaqamada lug iyo qadiimiga ah iyo ilbaxnimo. Waxa ay ahayd inta lagu jiro xilliga this in uu garawsannay in nin casriga ah waxay illoobeen ku saabsan dhaqanka da'da jir ah iyo amarradiisa, taas oo ugu danbeyn keentay in taxane ah oo dagaallo go'aankayga yimid. By habka, Tour ayaa raajiyey kalsooni ku jira ilaa daqiiqo oo ugu dambaysa ee uu noloshiisa.

Link in gafkii

Dhamaadka toddoba xilli Heyerdahl heli caajisin jaamacadda. Ka dib oo dhan, waqti in uu hore u lahaa aqoon dhab ah encyclopedic, kuwaas oo qaarkood ka heshay waalidkood, iyo qaar ka mid ah oo Tumeeya iyada oo waxbarasho oo madax bannaan ee arrimaha kala duwan. Waxa uu doonayaa in ay cilmi-baarista iyo u safri doontaa jasiiradaha qalaad fog. The more si uu asxaabta iyo taageerayaasha Hjalmar Broch iyo Christine Bonnevie, kaasoo uu kula kulmay intii uu socdaalka ku Berlin, maxaa yeelay, waxay ahaayeen diyaar u ah inay caawiyaan ururka of duulaan si ay gasiirado Tahiti si aad u ogaato sida ay u noqon kartaa wakiilo ka dubato in ay degi meelahan maanta. Waxa xiiso leh, safarka waxa uu u ahaa saynisyahan dhallinyarada ma aha oo kaliya u quudhin xiiso leh, laakiin sidoo kale Malabka ah. Ka dib oo dhan, ka hor bixitaanka of Thor Heyerdahl ay guursatay arday oo ka mid ah Kulliyadda dhaqaalaha - quruxda Liv Coucheron Thorpe. Liv ahaa adventuress isla, sida ninkeeda. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxaa aan ku weheliyay oo keliya by safar uu duulaan, laakiin waxa uu ahaa kaaliyaha aamin, sidii hore gudidoodu buugaagta badan oo ku saabsan cilmi barasho xayawaan iyo Polynesia.

Journey in Fatu Hiva

Sidaas darteed, in 1937, Thor Heyerdahl iyo xaaskiisa Liv tegey xeebaha fog ee jasiiradda Tahiti ee Fatu Hiva. Oo iyana waxay halkaas ku bartay si ay u noolaadaan duurka, si ay ula kulmaan dadka deegaanka oo samaynaya cilmi sayniska. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sanad kadib, labada lahaa in ay kala go'do uu duulaan. Xaqiiqada ah in Tour ayaa soo gaaray ilaa xad cudur khatar ah, laakiin Liev uurka leh. Sidaas daraaddeed, 1938, cilmi yar inay Norway ku soo laabtay. Sidaas dhamaaday safar ugu horreeya ee Heyerdahl halyeeyga. On duulaan this, ayuu ku sheegay in uu buugga "In Search Jannada", la sii daayay 1938. In 1974, Tour ayaa daabacay version ah la ballaariyey ee shaqada this, kaas oo la odhan jiray "Fatu Hiva."

U safarto Kanada

Dhowr bilood ka dib markii uu ka Fatu Khiva Liv laabtay dhashay wiil, kuwaas oo la siiyey magaca caado safar qoyska. hal sano oo kale ka dib markii, lamaanaha u dhashay wiil labaad - Bjorn. Madaxa qoyska sii watay shaqada sayniska, laakiin si tartiib tartiib ah ayuu bilaabay in ay qaataan dad badan, oo aan xoolaha. Sayidka, kuwaas oo u baxay inuu saynisyahan Polynesia, xayawaan, Anthropology, ku soo laabtay dalkiisa. Goolkiisii cusub wuxuu ahaa in la helo jawaabta su'aasha ah ee sida Incas qadiimiga ka heli karto America si Polynesia. Ama waxaa laga yaabaa in ay ahayd mid kasoo horjeeda? Sidaas Heyerdahl go'aansadeen in ay si Kanada tag, meeshii Hindida ka hor ku noolaa. Wuxuu rajaynayay in ay jiraan laga yaabaa in la wada ilaaliyo dhaqanka qadiimiga ah ee Mariners ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in Tour ayaa u safray galbeedka Kanada, isagu marnaba aysan awoodin in ay hesho macluumaadka lagama maarmaanka ah.

Dagaalkii labaad ee dunida

Inta lagu guda jiro duulaan ku, Heyerdahl ee Kanada, dagaalkii labaad ee dunida bilaabay. Sida waddani run ah, Tour doonayay in ay difaacaan dalkooda cadowga. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, ayuu u dhaqaaqay Maraykanka iyo diiwaan geliyaa adeegga militariga. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka, qoyska Heyerdahl ku noolaa ugu horeysay ee Maraykanka, ka dibna u dhaqaaqay UK.

Safrida Thor Heyerdahl: duulaan "Kon-Tiki"

In 1946, cilmiga uu xiiseynayo fikradda cusub, waayo, wuxuu rumeysan yahay in wakhtiyadii hore, Hindida Maraykanka dabaalan karaa in jasiiradaha ee Badweynta Pacific on huuri ah. In kasta oo dareen-celin xun ee qayb ka mid ah taariikhyahanadu, Tour qabanqaabisaa duulaan loo yaqaan "Kon-Tiki" oo uu leeyahay. Ka dib oo dhan, isaga iyo kooxda suurtagashay in ay hesho on huuri ka soo Peru si Taumotu jasiiradaha Seychelles. Waxa xiiso leh, saynisyahano badan oo diiday in ay rumaystaan at dhan ee xaqiiqda ah safarka in inta ilaa aan ka arkay duubay film documentary ah ee ka mid ah duulaan ku ah. Back guriga, Heyerdahl furay naagtiisa Liv, kuwaas oo ugu dhaqsaha badan guursaday hodanka American ah. safar waa dhawr bilood ka dib guursadaa Yvonne Dedek-Simonsen, oo markii danbe waxay isagii u dhashay saddex gabdhood.

Journey in Easter Island

Heyerdahl marnaba weli fadhiisan kari muddo dheer oo hal meel. Sidaas daraaddeed, in 1955 uu abaabulay duulaan qaddiimiga ah in Easter Island. Waxay ka koobnayd qadiimiga ah xirfadle ka Norway. Inta lagu guda jiro duulaan ku Tour iyo asxaabtii uu sameeyay dhowr bilood jasiiradda, sahaminta goobaha qaddiimiga ah oo muhiim ah. Fiirada gaarka ah ee ay shaqada ayaa lagu bixiyey derderkii tijaabo, dhaqdhaqaaqa iyo rakibaadda oo ka mid ah Sidaana moai caan ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, cilmi ku lug excavations ee uplands iyo Poike Orongo. Sida ay natiijada shaqadooda, xubno ka mid ah duulaan ku daabacnay tiro ka mid ah articles sayniska aasaaska waxbarasho ee Easter Island, taas oo sii wadaan in ay maanta u dhigeen. Oo Thor Heyerdahl, kuwaas oo buugaag had iyo jeer waa guul weyn, u qoray loo iibsado kale oo cinwaan looga dhigay "Aku-Aku".

"Ra" iyo "Ra II of"

In dabayaaqadii 60-mada ay Thor Heyerdahl uu noqday xiiso fikradda ah safar badda doonni caw ah. In 1969, sahamisa ku tuseysa inuusan in ay sawiro Masaarida qadiimiga saadaaliyey doon ah oo lagu magacaabo "Ra" in dhoofkanu lahaan guud ahaan Atlantic ka dhoofnay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in watercraft ayaa waxaa ka mid ah oo cawsduur Itoobiya, waxa ay si deg deg ah soo jiidasho leh qooyay, keenaya xubnaha duulaan ku lahaa in ay dib u soo noqdaan.

Sannadka soo socda ka dib doon labaad biyaha on, loo yaqaan "Ra II». Waxa dhamaystiray iyada oo account qaladaad hore. Thor Heyerdahl mar kale ku guulaystay, ka dhoofnay Morocco inay Barbados. Sidan buu ahaa si ay u caddeeyaan in bulshada dunida oo dhan sayniska awoodo, in badmaax qadiimiga dabaalan karaa guud ahaan badda hoos ku dhoofnay, oo isticmaalaya Canary hadda ah. Duulaan "Ra II» waxaa ka mid ah wakiilo ka socda dalal kala duwan, ka mid ah taas oo ahayd socotada caanka ah Soviet Yuri Senkevich.

"Dajla"

Loo yaqaan oo waa mid ka mid ah doon Thor Heyerdahl loo yaqaan "Dajla". Cilmi dhisay shuqulkan ka yeelay Dhalanteed la iiguma 1977. wadada duulaan ka Ciraaq u tageen inay xeebaha Pakistan ka dibna galay Badda Cas. Taas darteed safar badda, Thor Heyerdahl cadaato suurtagalnimada ee jiritaanka ganacsiga iyo socdaalka ee xiriirada ka dhexeeya Mesobotamiya iyo ilbaxnimada Hindiya. Ugu danbeyntii waxaa duulaan cilmibaadhe uu doon ee soo horjeedo tallaabo military gubay.

cilmi-A daalin

Thor Heyerdahl had iyo jeer u xiisooday quudhin. Anigu ma ma beddeli naftaada in 80 sano. Sidaas daraaddeed, 1997, si ay ula kulmaan saaxiibkey hore baxay inuu our isku wadanka yihiin, iyo xubin ka mid ah duulaan ah "Ra II» - Yuri Senkevich. Iyadoo qayb ka ah barnaamijka "Club Socotada '", ayuu tusay dhagaystayaasha halkaas oo uu ku nool yahay Thor Heyerdahl. geesiga ah ee sheekada la sheegay qorshayaasha badan uu, ka mid ah taas oo ahayd safar kale in Easter Island.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay

Thor Heyerdahl, kuwaas oo Biography ahaa mid aad u qani ah oo leh dhacdooyinka kala duwan iyo hedonistic hadhay firfircoon xitaa da 'aad u weyn. Tani waxay sidoo kale khuseysaa si uu naftiisa u shakhsiyeed. Sidaas daraaddeed, 1996, at da'da 82, aqoonyahan caan ah iyo cilmi-furay naagtiisa labaad ka guursadaa Atariishada Faransiis Zhaklin Bir. Wadajir naagtiisa uusan u dhaqaaqin Tenerife, halkaas oo uu ka iibsaday guri nagaadi weyn, dhisay ka badan saddex qarni ka hor. Halkanna wuxuu ku riyaaqaa beerta iyo xataa shaaca ka qaaday in nin cilmiga nafleyda barta a wanaagsan ka heli karto soo baxay waxaa ka mid ah.

Isagu wuxuu u dhintay Thor ka Heyerdahl weyn ee 2002 at da'da 87 ka burada maskaxda. In daqiiqado ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa, oo uu ku hareereysan naagtiisa saddexaad iyo shan caruur ah.