The sifooyinka magnet iyo tamarta field magnetic

Si mowduucan, sida magnet ah, oo dhan mudo dheer ayaa la caadaysteen. Waxaan ma arkaan in wax gaar ah. Waxaan u la wadaajisaan cashar physics caadiga ah ama tusidda sifooyinka tricks magnet loogu talagalay barbaarinta ah. Oo si dhib leh qof u maleeyo sida magnet-na waa koobay nolol maalmeedka. In guri walba waxaa jira daraasiin. qalab Magnet jooga kasta Gudoomiyaha, cajalad, oo ifti- korontada, saacadaha. Xataa bangiyada musmaarro ma aha.

Oo weliba?

Waxaan - dadka - ma laga reebo. Thanks to dhacaan Biotok jidhka nagu wareegsan jirto hannaankii aan muuqan ee khadadka ay duurka. magnet weyn waa meeraha Earth. dheeraad ah oo ku hami A - kubada plasma of qorraxda. Aan la fahmi karin in ay maanka aadanaha size ee falagyada iyo Nebulae dhif galin fikradda ah in dhammaan this - sidoo kale birlabta.

sayniska casriga ah waxay u baahan tahay abuurista magnet-weyn oo cusub iyo super-awood, codsiga ah kuwaas oo la xiriira isuga nuclear, jiilka of koronto, dardargelinta ee synchrotrons Qurub lagu eedeeyay, kor u weelashii godan. Create a beerta superstrong isticmaalaya sifooyinka magnetic of magnet ah - mid ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka physics casriga ah.

caddeeyo fikradda

beerta A magnetic waa ciidan simaha on lacag jirka isagoo ka mid ah, waa in mooshin. Waxaa la "aan shaqaynayn" walxaha go'an (sidoo kale wax garad la'aan) oo u adeegta sida nooc ka mid ah beerta electromagnetic, taas oo jirta sida fikrad guud.

Haddii jidhka oo abuuri karaan laftiisa agagaarka beer magnetic naftooda iyo dareemayaa xoog ee ay saamaynta, waxaa loo yaqaannaa birlabta. Taasi waa, walxaha macluumaadka - waxaa magnetized (hantidaan daqiiqad u dhigma).

qalabka kala duwan fal ka duwan beerta dibadda. Wiiqi ay saamayn gudaha u yeedhay paramagnetic, xoojinta - diamagnetic. qalabka qaarkood awood u leeyihiin in ay u xoojiyaan thousandfold a beerta dibadda magnetic. Tani - qalabka ferromagnetic (Cobalt, nickel, birta, gadolinium, iyo Alloys iyo xeryahooda ah ayaa sheegay in biraha). Kuwa sarkhaansan yihiin beeraha xoog dibadda iyagu keensadaan guryaha magnetic dhacay, loo yaqaan magnetically. Kale, oo awood u dhaqmayaan sida magnet ah sarkhaansan toos ah oo duurka jooga, iyo iska daayeen inay isaga iyo waayitaanka noqon - magnetically.

A waxoogaa yar oo ka mid ah taariikhda

Study of guryaha magnet joogtada ah ee dadka ku lugta leh si aad u, waqti aad u dheer. Sheeg iyaga in qoraalladii culimada Giriigii hore ayaa weli 600 sano ka hor our Zaman. Dabiiciga ah (asal ahaan dabiiciga ah) lagu ogaan karaa magnet in kayd ore magnetic. The ugu caansan ka mid ah magnet dabiiciga ah ee ugu weyn waxa lagu kaydiyaa Jaamacadda Tartu. Waxaa misaankiisa 13 kiiloogaraam oo miisaankiisu yahay in la qaado karaa inuu caawiyo - 40 kg.

Dadka ayaa bartay in la abuuro magnet macmal ah, oo isticmaalaya noocyo kala duwan oo qalab ferromagnetic. budo Value (Cobalt, birta, iyo P. sidaas on.) Ma awood u leh inay qabtaan miisaan oo ka badan 5000 jeer ay miisaan u gaar ah. Mararka Artificial noqon kartaa joogto ama electromagnets isagoo muhiimka ah kuwaas oo wax (ka qalab magnetic helay) - bir jilicsan. beerta danab taas oo u kacaya ay sabab u tahay marinka ee hadda korontada iyada oo windings silig oo hareereeyey xudunta u ah.

buugga ugu horeysay ee halis ah oo ay ku jiraan isku dayo in baaritaan sifooyinka magnet ah - shaqo ee London dhakhtar Hilbert ah, la sii daayay 1600. shaqada waxa ku jira gabi ahaanna ka mid ah macluumaadka la heli karo waqti ku saabsan magnetism iyo korontada, iyo sidoo kale tijaabo qoraaga.

Mid ka mid ah qofka ifafaale jira ayaa isku dayaya inuu la qabsado nolosha wax ku ool ah. Dabcan, magnet ma aha marka laga reebo ah.

Sida loo isticmaalo magnet

Maxay yihiin astaamaha magnet ee aadanaha ayaa qaatay? Baaxadda waa arin aad u ballaaran in aan awoodno si kooban u taabto uun on weyn, qalabka ugu fiican u yaqaan iyo codsiyada ee wax this cajiib ah.

Compass oo dhan waa qalab si fiican u yaqaan ee go'aaminta meelaha dhul ah. Thanks isaga si, waddada ee diyaaradaha, Maraakiibta, gaadiidka dhulka, socda gool. Qalabka waxaa laga yaabaa in magnetic (garaac nooca) loo isticmaalo by dalxiiska ah iyo kormeerayaal xagga ama non-magnetic (radio iyo gidrokompasy).

The baraheeda ugu horeysay ka magnet-dabiiciga ah ayaa la soo saaray qarnigii XI iyo waxaa loo isticmaalay in navigation. Waxay ku salaysan ay tallaabo on wareeg ah oo lacag la'aan ah in diyaaradda siman irbad dheer oo wax a magnetic, miisaaman a on dhidibka. Mid ka mid ah dhammaadka waxaa ka mid ah mar walba wajahaya koonfureed, kan kale - ilaa xagga woqooyi. Qaabkan waxaad had iyo jeer sax ah ka arki kartaa tilmaamaha ugu weyn ee ku saabsan jiifoo.

Meelaha ugu muhiimsan

Meelaha guryaha magnet ayaa helay isticmaalka weyn - raadiyaha iyo korontada, instrumentation, Automatic iyo Control Remote. Qalabka ferromagnetic waa Relays, magnetic, iyo N. In 1820 wixii la mid ah. Waxaa la ogaadey hantida kaari shaqada hadda on arrow ee magnetka, ku qasbaya iyada u jeedin. Isla mar ahaantaa, waxay u sameeyey daahfurka kale - labo ka mid ah kirishbooyada isku midka ah iyada oo loo marayo taas oo qulqulka hadda hal dhinac, waxay leeyihiin hantida jiidashada labada dhinac.

Sababtoo ah malo this waxaa loo sameeyey ay sabab u tahay sifooyinka magnetka. All ifafaale dhacaan sabab u tahay hadda, oo ay ku jiraan wareegaya gudaha qalabka magnetic. fikradaha casriga ah ee sayniska waa isku mid la male this.

On matoorada iyo matoorrada

Iyada oo ku saleysan u abuuray noocyo badan oo matoorrada korontada iyo matoorrada, i.e. ah mashiinada nooca Rotary, kuwaas oo socod ku salaysan yahay Isbadal tamarta si farsamaysan galay tamarta korontada (waxaan ka hadleynaa matoorrada) ama korontada galay si farsamaysan (for matoorada). matoor kasta oo ka shaqeeya on mabda'a ah ee induction electromagnetic, ie EMF (force electromotive) ka dhacdaa silig, taas oo ay u guurayaan duurka a magnetic. motor ayaa shaqadiisu ay ku saleysan ifafaale ah ee dhacdo awoodda in silig leh hadda, meeleeyay beer transverse.

Isticmaalka xoogga in la dhexgalo field ee hadda taas oo ku dhex socda windings ee qaybaha guuraya shaqeeyaan qalabka gudbiyo magnetoelectric. Sida awood talantaalli-hadda motor adigoo laba windings cusub u dhaqmo meter tamarta induction. Waxay ku taallaa inta u dhaxaysa drive ku fuuli jiray tabinta la kulmin Xuddunta wareeg ah, ciidanka waa saamiyeed si ay isticmaalka awoodda.

Iyo nolol maalmeedka?

Qalabaysan batari Ghadafi Ilaalada korontada aqoon oo dhan. Ay qalab adigoo isticmaalaya labo ka mid ah Magnet, labo ka mid ah inductors iyo transistor waa fududdahay on tirada alaabta la heli karo oo aan ahayn soo jeedo oo si farsamaysan.

Isticmaalka More iyo ka badan oo la sameeyay ka mid ah nooca electromagnetic ama qufulka yihiin qufulka dhululubo oo waxaa la siiyaa xubno magnetic. Waxay u eg yihiin set muhiim ah iyo qufulka code feature. Marka la isku duro si fiican u galay qufulka sax ah oo muhiim ah galay booska jiitay qaybaha gudaha ee qufulka a magnetic kuu ogolaanaya in aad si aad u furto.

Iyada oo ku saleysan tallaabo ka mid ah qalabka magnet iyo dynamometers galvanometer ah (dareen sare ee qalabka by kaas oo la qiyaasay hadda daciif ah). The sifooyinka magnetka waxaa loo isticmaalay in wax soo saarka ee abrasives. Sidaas daraaddeed in ay qayb ka af badan iyo aad u yar adag, taas oo lagama maarmaan u ah machining (shiidi doona, qiraan, siibi), noocyo kala duwan oo sheyga iyo qalabka. In wax soo saarka ee doonayo ee ferrosilicon ey qayb degtaa on hoose ee foornada dabka ah oo qayb ahaan gundhig in Halabuurka ka sugi lahaayeen. Si aad u soo saarto halkaas ka, iyo magnet-ka waxaa looga baahan yahay.

Sayniska iyo isgaarsiinta

Sababo la xiriira guryaha magnetic of alaabta sayniska baran kartaa qaabka noocyo kala duwan oo jirkooda. Waxaan u sheegi kartaa oo kaliya magnetochemistry ama cillad magnetic (hab ogaanshaha iin by falanqeeyo wax soo saarka dhalanrog field magnetic meelaha qaarkood).

Oo waxaad iyaga ka codsan in farsamo-soo-saarka kala duwan oo soo noq ultrahigh ah, la xidhiidha nidaamyada radio (military iyo khadadka ganacsiga), inta lagu guda jiro daaweynta kulaylka sida guriga, iyo in wax soo saarka warshadaha cuntada (oo dhan microwaves yaqaan). Waa ficil ahaan wax aan macquul aheyn in mid ka mid ah article waa inay taxaan oo dhan qalabka adag farsamo iyo codsiyada, kuwaasi oo loo isticmaalo maalmahan guryaha magnetic of walxaha.

caafimaad gudbikaraa

Waxaan jirin marka laga reebo iyo baaxadda Baadhista iyo daaweyn caafimaad. Iyada oo X-ray dhalin shucaaca Sheelare toosan electron sameeyaa therapy buro, in cyclotrons iyo synchrotrons ahbaa alwaaxdii saqafka haysay proton isagoo faa'iidooyin badan x-rays Jihaynta hoose iyo kor u oggolyahay ee daaweynta ee isha iyo maskaxda burooyinka.

Iyadoo la tixgelinayo sayniska noolaha, weli waa ilaa bartamihii qarnigii la soo dhaafay hawlaha nolosha ee jidhka la xidhiidha jiritaanka beeraha magnetic. suugaanta cilmiga dhif buuxsameen warar goos goos ah oo ka mid ah ama mid kale ee saamaynta caafimaad. Laakiin tan iyo markii gebiyo ku demoqaraadiyad biyaa daabacaadan on sifooyinka nafleyda ee magnetka.

Markaas oo Hadda

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isku dayaysa in ay ula dhaqmaan dadka ay sameeyeen alchemists ee qarnigii XVI ka. Waxaa diiwaan isku dayo badan oo lagu guulaystay in lagu daaweeyo si kedisa, xanuunada dareemayaasha, hurdo la'aan, iyo dad badan oo dhibaatooyin xubnaha gudaha. Waxa ay u muuqataa in ay isticmaalka magnesium in daawada ayaa helay hab aan ka dambayn ee navigation.

The nus qarnigii la soo dhaafay waxaa si weyn loo isticmaalo dugaagado magnetic, ka mid ah bukaanka qaba dhiig-karka oo yaraada caan ah. Qubarada ayaa si dhab ah la rumeysan yahay in awoodda in la kordhiyo iska caabin ah ee magnet ee jidhka bini'aadamka. Iyada oo gargaar ah ee qalabka electromagnetic barteen si loo cabbiro xawaaraha socodka dhiigga, ama in la qaado noocyo ka mid ah daawooyinka ay maamusho kaabsoosha doonayo.

Magnet saaro xanniban ee Qurub biraha ganaax isha. Its tallaabo ku salaysan yahay elektrodatchikov shaqada (wax naga mid ah waa ay la electrocardiogram howlqabadka). Maalmahan physicists kaashanaya bayoolajiga in ay bartaan farsamooyin salka gaadhista aadanaha si ay beeraha magnetic ayaa noqonaya mid u dhow oo dheeraad ah loo baahan yahay.

magnet Neodymium: guryaha iyo codsiyada

magnet Neodymium waxaa loo tixgeliyaa in ay saamayntu ugu wayn ku ah caafimaadka dadka. Waxay ka kooban yihiin neodymium, bir iyo boron. formula kiimikada ee - NdFeB. Faa'iidada ugu weyn ee magnet noocan oo kale ah waxaa loo arkaa inay saameyn xoogan oo beertiisa la qadar yar. Sidaas darteed, ciidamada miisaanka of magnet 200 waa qiyaastii 1 Gauss c. In la barbardhigo, uu isku mid magnet bir xoog leeyahay miisaanka ka weyn oo ku saabsan 10 jeer.

Faa'iidada kale oo muuqda yidhi magnet - adkeysiga wanaagsan oo awood u leh inay ku kaydiso tayada jeclaystay inuu boqolaal sano. Wixii qarni ah magnet lumiyo hantida by kaliya 1%.

Sidee dhab ah waxaa lagu daaweeyaa magnet neodymium?

Iyada oo ay caawimo hagaajiyo wareegga, cadaadiska la dejiyo, la dhibtoonayo dhanjafka.

The guryaha magnet neodymium bilaabay in la isticmaalo in lagu daaweeyo qaar ka mid ah 2,000 oo sano ka hor. Xusuuso foomkan of therapy waxaa laga helaa qoraal gacmeedyada ee qadiimiga Shiinaha. Markaas loola dhaqmo by codsanaya dhagaxyo ah magnetized in jidhka bini'aadamka.

Therapy jiray qaab iyaga lifaaqaaya in ay jirka ka. Legend ayaa sheegtay in caafimaadka u fiican iyo quruxda ethereal Cleopatra lahaa in ay xirtaan joogto ah on faashadda madaxa magnetic. In saynisyahano qarnigii X Faaris faahfaahsan tilmaamay guryaha magnet saamaynta neodymium faa'iido on jidhka bini'aadamka in ay dhacdo tirtirista barar iyo murqo dabac. Caddaymaha badbaaday laga yaabaa in waqti lagu xukumi on codsiga iyaga ka mid ah in la kordhiyo xoog muruq, xoog lafaha iyo in la yareeyo xanuunka ku jira laabatooyinka ee.

All wuu asturi, ...

Caddeynta on waxtarka gaadhista sida lagu daabacay 1530 by dhakhtar Paracelsus caanka ka Switzerland. In wuxuu qoray, dhakhtarka ku tilmaamay guryaha sixir ah oo magnet ah in ay u badan tahay in ay kicin jirka ee is-caafimaad iyo sababta. kala duwan A weyn ee cudurrada wakhtigaas waxaa soo weeraray by isticmaalaya magnetka.

Baahsan is-daawo ee dalka Mareykanka iyadoo la kaashanayo of qalab this ee sano post-dagaal (1861-1865) marka daawada aslanba ma ku filan. Oo aan u isticmaalo sida daawada iyo sida nafisaad keenaysa xanuun a.

Laga soo bilaabo qarnigii XX la hantida ku daweynta ee magnet ka helay xaq cilmi ah. Sanadkii 1976, deficiency Japanese dhakhtar Nikagavoy fikradda syndrome field magnetic la soo bandhigay. Cilmi baaris ayaa aasaasay calaamadaha ay saxda ah. Waxay ka kooban yihiin tabar, daal, waxqabadka hoos u, iyo habka hurdo xumo. Sidoo kale, waxaa jira jaf, xanuun wadajir ah iyo lafdhabarta, dhibaato dheefshiidka iyo nidaamka wadnaha iyo sida hypotension ama hypertension. Sida ee syndrome iyo dumarka, iyo isbedel maqaarka. Isticmaalka gobolka xogta magnetic ilaa xad si guul ah u suurtagashay in ay caadi.

Science ma weli taagan

Seynisyahanno ku wadaan inay tijaabiyaan beerahooda magnetic. Tijaabo ayaa labada sameeyay on xayawaanka, iyo haadda, iyo sidoo kale in bakteeriyada. Shuruudaha wiiqay field magnetic yaraynaysaa guusha geeddi socodka dheefshiidka ee shimbiraha tijaabo ah, jiirka, bakteeriyada ku tarmeen si degdeg ah joojiyay. Iyadoo yaraanta muddada-dheer ee beeraha unugyo nool mari isbedel karin.

Waa inay la diriraan, kuwaas oo dhan ifafaale iyo Sababta oo ah cawaaqib xun badan codsatay therapy magnetic sida. Waxa ay u muuqataa in xilliga hadda la joogo oo dhan guryaha faa'iido magnet oo aan ku soo bartay in shahaado sax ah. Ka hor dhakhaatiirta badan oo daahfurtay xiiso iyo horumar cusub.