The computer shakhsi wadareedkii ugu horeeyay. Taariikhda computer shakhsi ahaaneed

computer ayaa noqotay qayb muhiim ah oo nolosha dad badan ee. Laakiin mar PC ahaa qalaad ama qalabka, waxa la heli karin sabab u tahay farsamooyinka kharashka iyo asturnaanta sare. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, muddo kaddib, waxaan ka helay fikrada ah oo isbadal ku of computer shakhsi galay qalab weyn. Thanks to kii PC waxay noqotay ay heli karaan tiro balaadhan oo ah taageerayaasha of technology digital, iyo sidoo kale muwaadiniinta caadiga ah, kuwa u muuqda si fiican u qaban karo waxa aan? Waa kuwee kombiyuutarada waxaa loo arkaa inay ugu horeysay tirada go'aamada oo kale ah?

Shuruudaha kaalinta koowaad

wada hadal firfircoon ku saabsan cidda uu ahaa computer ugu horeysay mass-soo saaray shakhsi, ha joojin ilaa maantadan la joogo. Dood ay guushu ku brand ah oo sameeyey sheyga, taas oo uu noqday kumbiyuutarada si weyn loo hirgaliyay yihiin aad u kala duwan.

Khubarada waxay aaminsan yihiin kala bixiyc muhiim ah, kaasoo kara inuu caddeeyo arrinta, xaqiiqooyinka taariikheed ka tarjumaya bandhigay waqti gaar ah oo ka soo baxay suuqa baaxada leh. Taasi waa, computer ah ayaa noqday used in iibiyey (mass ugu danbeyn noqday) kale - iyo inuu, sida uu this habka, ugu horeysay in la tixgeliyo. Sidaa darteed, our goal ugu muhiimsan - si ay u sahamiyaan xogta taariikhiga ah ee khuseeya.

PC waxay marka hore

Marka waxaa ku jiray, in fact, PC ugu horeysay - in mass ama shakhsi? Arrintan ku saabsan wada hadal ku dhawaad ka sii cabsi badan in kiiska la qeexidda kuwa kombiyuutarada in ka heleen xaaladda shuruud la'aan ah si weyn loo hirgaliyay yihiin. versions kala duwan, oo muujineysa qaar ka mid ah, kuwaas oo la sii daayay PC ugu horeysay, iyo xitaa markaas, waxa uu u muuqday in waxa gobolka. Sidaas darteed, waxaa jira cadaymo muujinaya in 1968, injineer ka Omsk, Arseniy Anatolevich Gorohov, xiranayo qalabka kombiyuutarka ah, qaabka aad uula mid tahay PC casriga ah. Waxaa unit nidaamka monitor joogo la side xogta ah, iyo sidoo kale qaybaha electronic for dhiganta hawlaha motherboard iyo RAM kaarka video. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, war abuurashadoodii aan la galay wax soo saarka.

PC waxay marka hore ka Apple

view qabtay, taas oo PC ugu horeysay soo guuri-weli la Abuurtay oo dalka Mareykanka ah - kuwaas oo, iyada oo loo marayo dadaalka of Steve Jobs iyo Steve Wozniak, oo dunida ku bixiyeen ah PC fikrad cusub oo ku hoos brand Apple ee 1976.

The kombiyuutarada ugu horeysay Apple waxay u baahan yihiin daro hardware weyn - guriyeynta, monitor, keyboard. Laakiin dhab ahaantii qalabka ay si fiican u shaqeeyaan laga yaabaa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1977 suuqa la bilaabay computer Apple II, waxaa dhaansan. qalabka, sida badan IT-takhasus iyo dunida taariikhda computer, waa arrin waafaqsan xaaladda mass. Maxay ka dhigan tahay? Xaqiiqada ah in muunad PC Apple ee 1976 - waa, laga yaabee, waa computer ugu horeysay mass shakhsiyeed. Raaceen wax yar xaaladda ay heli karaan tiro balaadhan oo ah dadka isticmaala iibsaday computer Apple II.

PC waxay marka hore ka IBM

Laakiin marka la eego aragtida natiijada hawlaha kala duwan ee counterarguments. iyaga ka mid ah waa kuwa la loogu talagalay u babac dhigaya status horyaalka Apple ee dhinaca soo saarka ee suuqa sida PC ah sida, si buuxda u shaqeeya. Waxaa la og yahay in 1975 - ka hor waxaa jiray qalabka ka Apple, IBM ayaa u suurtagashay in ay soo saaraan model computer ee 5100. Waxaa lagu gartaa joogitaanka monitor gaar ah, side xogta ah, iyo sidoo kale keyboard ah, oo sidaas daraaddeed arrin joogto ah, ayaa la rumeysan yahay in ay dunida ka mid ah taariikhda computer, xaaladda shakhsiyeed. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qiimaha - furataa in ka badan 20 kun oo doolar -. A mushaharka American dersin yar waxaa laga yaabaa in aan gacan ka xaqiiqda ah in uu ahaa computer ugu horeysay mass shakhsiyeed.

IBM PC iyo shardiga "mass"

In 1981, IBM bilaabay dheelitir la'aan ka badan awoodi karo ka badan 5100 model ah, laakiin waqti isku mid ah functional, iyo ugu muhiimsan, isagoo qalab fikradda arrin tartan ayaa helay magaca PC IBM. devaysa guul cajiib ah loo oggol yahay khubarada iyo taageerayaasha korantada badan waxa lagu gartaa ay mass sidii computer ugu horeysay ee qof ahaaneed. Waa maxay nooca doodaha keeni Taageerayaasha of sida qiimeynta?

First of dhan, waxayna u yeedhaan in dib looga fikiro qodobada sida "mass" sida. Dabcan, qalab Apple waa taariikh ka hor xalal badan oo tartan rasmi ah marka la eego fikirka ah dalabyo suuqa PC la awoodi karo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, PC IBM ku noqday gaar ahaan si firfircoon faafiyay by yahay furfurnaan: user a iibsato PC ah, waxa beddeli kartaa ee dhinaca of bedelay noocyo kala duwan oo qaybaha - processor, xusuusta, drives adag. -Qeybiyaha ah kormeerayaasha iyo qalab kale oo ay noqon kartaa nooc kasta. kombiyuutarada Apple ee, markeeda, waa madal u xiran yihiin. Sidaas oo ay ahayd xaaladda dhinaca software ah. Nidaamka hawlgala ee IBM fikradda computer shakhsi PC uu noqon karo wax kasta. Taa baddalkeeda, qalabka Apple ee la saaray in kiiska guud, nidaamka hawlgalka lahaansho.

laba fikradaha

Sidaas darteed, kala bixiyc ah "mass" sida codsatay in ay suuqa qalab computer loo fahmi karaa siyaabo kala duwan. Computers ka Apple dhigmaan isaga oo ag kugula xaqiiqda ah in la sii daayo oo ka mid ah aaladaha ugu horeysay oo kombuyuutar oo brand ayaa noqday kala duwan la awoodi karo balaadhan oo ah dadka isticmaala. Isagoo ka hadlayay suuqa Maraykanka - Muwaadin kasta oo leh mushahar celcelis ahaan. IBM ayaa Mareykanka iyo markii danbe suuqa caalamiga ah qalab kuwaas oo, ka awood gooni, in la si xor ah u habaynta yaabaa, guuriyeen at rimidda. software PC, dhiganta naqshadaha IBM, ayaa sidoo kale la abuuray kara qof kasta oo yaqaan sida binu-aadmiga.

Waa hagaag, si ay uga jawaabaan su'aasha ugu muhiimsan ee maqaalka aan awoodno in laba siyaabood. Haddii aan ka hadlo goorta iyo kuwa horumariyo computer ugu horeysay mass shakhsi, mabda ', aan si fiican u soo wici kartaa shirkadda Apple iyo qalabka ee isku magaca 1976 hirgaliyey suuqa. Waxaynu og nahay in ay jiraan shuruudaha kale ee mass, sida furfurnaanta in sameeysa mid ka mid ah qaybaha hardware ama software. Waxay, ee jeedo, u dhiganta wax soo saarka shirkadda IBM. Sayidka ayaa u jawaabay su'aasha ku saabsan goorta iyo kuwa horumariyo computer ugu horeysay mass shakhsiyeed, waxaan dhihi - door weyn halkan, IBM oo ay IBM PC 1981 saarka ee sannadka.

fasiraadda ereyga "computer shakhsi"

Waxaa jira kala duwanaansho Fasirka ereyga "computer shakhsi" iyo qoraalkii kala duwan yihiin la socda, oo muujineysa Fadilmo ee brand ah marka la eego suuqa PC ah. Waa maxay ujeeddada loo of view of khubaro ku saabsan arrintan?

Qaar ka mid ah khubarada tilmaamay in muddo aad u "computer shakhsi" ka hore intuusan waxaa loo arkaa maraqa ka Apple iyo IBM. Sida ay sheegayaan wararka qaar ka mid ah, marka hore waxaa loo isticmaalay marka la eego qalabka Programma 101, oo uu soo saaray shirkadda Talyaani Olivetti - mar kale, in arrinta dalka ay asal ahaan ka mid ah kumbiyuutarada ugu horeysay. Socota laga xaqiiqda, waxaa labaya oo ah mid ka mid ah noocyada American - Apple ama IBM si sax ah siiyo.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira dood ku saabsan arrimaha ay tahay saamayn qaybinta mass ereyga "computer shakhsi ah". Halkan versions fido qaybinta dhab synchronous ah fikradaha ku saabsan IBM iyo Apple Championship ee dhinaca qalabka wax soo saarka ee suuqa la heli karo si aad u ballaaran ee dadka isticmaala. iyaga barbardhig sharci, u badan tahay in sidoo kale aan si sax ah u shaqayn doonaa.

The kombiyuutarada ugu horeysay caan ka Apple: sooc

Laakiin back to taariikhda PC. Waxaan goostay in mid ka mid ah tarjumaadda ah "mass" muddada qeybiyaha ugu horeysay ee PC la oran karo waa Apple. Waxa xiiso leh in ka baran sifooyinka aaladaha in shirkad Maraykanka saaray suuqa 1976 iyo 1977. The computer ugu horeysay Apple ahaa qalabaysan bilood ah 6502, kuwaas oo ka shaqaysay inta jeer a of 1 MHz. PC waxaa laga helay 4K ee RAM, kaas oo la kaashanayo oo looxyada ku soo wareegi jiray oo dheeraad ah waa la kordhin karaa ilaa 48 KB. Ku dhawaad sifooyinka isku ahaayeen in Apple II.

computer ayaa marka hore ka Apple: suurtagalnimada

Maxaa la samayn karo PC ugu horeysay ka Apple? Waa laga yaabaa in Processor kala sida kombiyuutarada shakhsi leeyihiin inta jeer ah tiradaasi aad u xishoonaayo.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaab calaamadeeyay ku filnayd in horumarinta barnaamijyada, iyo sidoo kale kulan - dhab ahaantii, codsiga ugu horeeyay ee ganacsi ee nooca ku haboon ahaayeen, sida uu u sheegay qaar ka mid ah taariikhyahanadu oo ku takhasusay, gaar ahaan qoraal ah Apple II. kulan Computer, si ay PC ka soo Apple mahad, ayaa la helo, sidaa darteed tiro balaadhan oo ah dadka isticmaala.

IBM PC: Features

Maqaallo IBM PC, sii daayay 1981, sida soo socota. PC waxaa qalabaysan ah Intel 8088 processor orodka at inta jeer ah 4,77 MHz. On kombiyuutarka lagu hagaajin karo in 640 KB ee RAM. PC IBM AASAASIGA-maareeyey ama nidaamka ka hawlgala PC-DOS.

Waa in la ogaadaa laga yaabaa in sida illo ahaan kaydinta xogta ee PC IBM waxaa ka inta badan loo isticmaalaa in disk ee kumbiyuutarka ballaciisu yahay ee 5.25 inches. Later u tegey on sale PC la cajalado. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, IBM PC ah ugu dhakhsaha badan waxaa lagu xallin dhibaatada la xiriir si aad disk adag computer ayaa soo saaray warmurtiyeed module gaar ah waxaa loogu talagalay, kaas oo ay suurto gal ahayd in la siiyo awood. Sidaas users hadda ku xidhan karto cajaladood PC aad la awoodda 10 MB.

model PC IBM ayaa cadeeyay si guul ah in fikradda la soo jeediyay by shirkadda Maraykanka ayaa si firfircoon uga soo guuriyeen - ganacsiga hiwaayadda iyo weyn labadaba. go'aamada lala xariirayo ayaa loo yaqaan "IBM PC socon", in jaanqaadi madal asalka ah. Ereygani waxa uu wali u sii jiraan ilaa maantadan la joogo.

Iyada oo ku saleysan fikirka ah IBM waxay ahaayeen fasalada ugu kala duwan ee kombiyuutarada shakhsi - "desktops", baararka nacnac, laptops. khubaro badan ayaa rumaysan naqshadaha in sidoo kale qalabka mobile, guud ahaan, u dhiganta madal, sida ay ku jiraan processor, xusuusta, unugyada video processing iyo kaydinta.

Dabcan, labada noocyada - Apple iyo IBM, ayaa ku kordhiyeen muhiim ah in horumarinta warshadaha kombiyuutarka. Ugu yaraan, wax kasta oo naftooda fikradaha tartamaya aan tusay badan ee suuqa caalamiga ah ee PC. dabeecadda aasaasiga ah ee labada dhufto ee waa Kitaab Muddeysan, by saameynta ay in la ilaa hadda ogan karo - dhowaad dhammaan qeybaha ugu waaweyn ee qalabka computer iyo qalab digital.

fikradaha sii

Labada fikradaha - furan iyo u xiran yihiin, soo jeediyay IBM iyo Apple ayaa, ayaa weli si ku habboon weli. Xaaladdan oo kale, mass sare, sida laga soo xigtay khubaro, waxa lagu gartaa kaliya madal la mid ah ka IBM - by Samo falku inaad ah furfurnaan kor ku xusan.

halkaas waa erey "IBM computer PC-socon" suuqa computer casriga ah. Tani macnaheedu ma aha in ay daruuri tahay in la sii daayay by IBM. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa inay waafaqsan yihiin fikirka in ay bixiyeen 1981. Dabcan, waxaa u muuqday suuqa kala duwan ee noocyada kala duwan ee kombiyuutarada shakhsi, laakiin marka la eego ka tirsan boosteejo ah oo ay bartey loo kala saari karaa sida fikradaha la xiriira ka PC IBM ah.

Apple ee barnaamijka xajisto xaaladda u xiran yihiin. Sidoo kale, xaaladda kale qeybaha kala duwan ee suuqa, halkaas oo brand waa hadiyad - gaar ahaan berrinkii qalabka mobile. Casriga ah iyo kiniiniyada ka Apple - iPhone, iPad lagu gartaa boosteejo ah oo u xiran yihiin.

Waa in la ogaadaa waxa laga yaabaa in ay tartan ugu weyn waxaa loo arkaa inay fikradda furan oo ku salaysan isticmaalka nidaamka hawlgalka Android ka Google. Sayidka, iska hor imaad u dhexeeya dhufto ee furan oo u xiran yihiin si dhab ah loo wareejiyay suuqa PC sidoo kale in qeybta ee korantada mobile.