Taariikhda raxan Ruushka. Petra Velikogo Fleet

Russia - state qaaradda, laakiin dhererka soohdimaheeda, gudbaya dusha biyaha waa 2/3 ka mid ah dhererka total. Baydka Ruush socon karin on badaha oo ay awoodaan si ay ula dagaalamaan badda, laakiin xeerkii run ciidamada badda ee dalka, waxaa jira qiyaastii 300 sano jir.

Weli ka doodaan dhacdo gaar ah ama taariikhda, kaas oo u billaabay taariikhda raxan Ruushka. Mid ka mid ah wax waa ay u caddahay qof walba - waxaa dhacday in Zaman ee Petra Velikogo.

The tijaabo ugu horeysay

Isticmaal biyo mareenada ah in ay u guuraan ciidamada qalabka sida ee dalka, halkaas oo webiyaasha ahaayeen marinnada isgaarsiinta ugu weyn, Ruush bilaabay waqti dheer ka hor. Sheeg wadada halyeeyga "ka Vikings si Gariigta ah" waa inuu dib u qarniyo. About "lodev" xilli Prince Oleg in epics Constantinople ka kooban.

Wars Aleksandra Nevskogo la iswiidhishka iyo saliibiyiinta Jarmal ahaayeen mid ka mid ah ujeeddooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee qalabaynta degsiimooyinka Ruush dhow afka Neva ah, si ay u awoodaan in ay navigation oo lacag la'aan ah ee badda bari.

Koonfurta, halganka Badda Madow la tataarka iyo Turkiga waxay ahaayeen Zaporozhye iyo Don Cossacks. Ay halyeeyga "Cam" ee 1350 si guul leh weeraray oo qabsaday Ochakov.

The Ruush markabka "Eagle" marka hore la dhisay 1668 on River Oka ee tuulada of Dedinovo amarka of Alexei Emperor ee Mikhailovich. Laakiin uu ku dhashay dhabta ah ee ciidamada badda ee Ruushka waxaa waajib ku ah inay ku riyoon iyo doonista wiilkiisii - Peter Weyn.

riyoon Home

Marka hore oo ahaa boqorkii dhallinyarada ahaa oo kaliya jeclaa aadeen doon yar oo laga helay barn ah ee tuulada Izmailovo. Tani doon 6-meter ayaa waxaa ku deeqday aabbihiis by, waxaa hadda lagu kaydiyaa Museum Bada ee St. Petersburg.

gooyo mustaqbalka ka dib ayaa sheegay in ay ka soo billaabay Ruush Imperial Navy ah, oo loo yeedhay "Awoowe of Fleet Ruush ah". Butros soo celiyey by socda sayid of dejinta Jarmal, maxaa yeelay, shipbuilders sayidkiisa uu ku Moscow ma ahaa.

Marka gooyo mustaqbalka in 17 sano uu noqday taliye dhabta ah, wuxuu bilaabay inuu si dhab ah in la ogaado in Russia ma horumarin karaan oo aan xiriirka dhaqaale, sayniska iyo dhaqanka la Europe, iyo sida ugu habboon ee isgaarsiinta yihiin badda.

qof firfircoon oo cajiib ah, Peter dooneen inay helaan aqoonta iyo xirfadaha ee meelaha kala duwan. Rabitaankiisa ugu weyn ahaa aragtida iyo dhaqanka ah Dhismaha maraakiibta, taas oo uu isagu ka soo Dutch, German iyo sayid Ingiriisi bartay. Waxa uu u muuqday ku qodeen galay waxyaabaha aasaasiga ah ee cartography, Waxaan bartay in ay isticmaalaan qalabka navigation.

xirfad ugu horeysay uu bilaabay in ay maal-abuurka "Cutubyo farxad leh" gudubno Pleshcheyevo in Pereslavl dhow Yaroslavl. In June 1689 waxaa ka dhacay shipyards ah ayaa la soo ururiyay ama robot "Fortune", 2 markab yar oo kuwa raaxada ah oo.

Exit in badda

Rafaa dalkii weyn, kuwaas oo ahaa kii lixaad oo ka mid ah dhulka mass dalka, dabayaaqadii XVII-qarnigii Russia ka yar dalalka kale sheegan karto in ay noqdaan awoodda badaha. Taariikhda raxan Ruushka - waxay sidoo kale waa sheeko of halganka helitaanka badaha dunida ee. Waxaa jiray laba siyaabood soo baxay si uu boos badda - laba "bottleneck": Gacanka Finland iyo badda bari, oo marti xoog Sweden ah, iyo guud ahaan Badda Madow, iyada oo cidhiidhi Straits of Dardanelles, kaas oo ay gacanta ugu jiraan Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda ahaa.

Isku daygii ugu horeysay in ay joojiyaan weerarrada of Crimean tataarka iyo Turkiga on soohdimaha koonfureed, iyo inay aasaaska u ah horumar degdeg ah mustaqbalka in ay Badda Madow ayaa la dhigay by Peter ee 1695. Qalcadda ee Azov, yaal afka Don ah, ayaa hor joogsaday weeraro by duulaan military Ruush, iyo go'doominta nidaamsan ma ku filan lacag ku filan si ay u dhinto sahayda rasaas in ay Turkigu ku hareereysan biyaha ahayd xoog, aan. Sidaa darteed, si ay u diyaariyaan xilli ciyaareedka soo socda, waxaa la go'aamiyay in la dhiso raxan.

Azov raxan

Peter tamarta loo arag sameysay dhismaha maraakiibta. In ka badan 25,000 oo beeralayda lagu wado shaqeeyo shipyards ee isbeddelid iyo webiga Voronezh. Sida laga soo xigtay baarka ka dibadduu u soo bixiyey, iyada oo ay kormeerayaan sayidkooda oo ajnebi ah ayaa been abuur 23 galleys dhibtoonaya (shaqo adag), 2 doon weyn (mid ka mid ah - 36-qoriga "Apostol Potr"), in ka badan 1,300 oo weelal yar - shaqaalaha saran, qodo oo la mid ah. d. Waxa ay ahayd isku daygii ugu horeysay in la abuuro waxa loo yaqaan "si joogto ah Ruush Imperial Navy." Waxa uu si fiican u dhammaysteen ay hawsha ciidamada la gaarsiiyo in derbiyada qalcadda oo waxay hareereeyeen by ku furid ee Azov biyo. Ka dib markii la hareereeyo lix isbuuc ah July 19, 1696 ciidankii dhiibay.

"Aniga Lutche si ay ula dagaalamaan badda ..."

Ololahani wuxuu tusay muhiimadda ay leedahay is dhexgalka ee Barriga iyo Badda ciidamada. Waxa uu ahaa muhiim u ah go'aanka ah Duma Boyar ku saabsan dhismaha dheeraad ah maraakiibta. "Maraakiibta leedahay!" - amar boqornimada on qoondaynta of lacag weelashii cusub ayaa la ansixiyay October 20, 1696. Tan iyo in taariikhda, taariikhda raxan Ruushka, iyo habaynayso tirec.

safaaradda weyn

War koonfurta soo qabtay badweynta of Azov ku helaan ayaa hada dhow bilowday, iyo Peter baxay inuu Europe in ay taageero ka dhanka ah Turkiga iyo xulufadiisu ay doondoonaan. Markaasaa boqorkii wuxuu isticmaalaa uu safar diblomaasiyadeed socday mid ka mid ah sannad iyo bar si kor loogu qaado aqoontooda in Dhismaha maraakiibta iyo arrimaha ciidamada.

Under magaca Petra Mihaylova, waxa uu ka shaqeeyay ee shipyards Netherlands. Waxa uu helay waayo-aragnimo la daraasiin nijaarro Ruush. In saddexda bilood tan iyo markii ay ka qayb la dhisay markabka "Peter iyo Paul", oo markaas u tageen inay Java hoos calanka of Company bariga Hindiya.

In England, boqorka ayaa waxaa sidoo kale ka shaqeeya ee shipyards iyo tababaro farsamo. Ingiriisi King si gaar ah loogu talagalay Peter qabanqaabisaa farsamooyinkooda badda. Maxaa yeelay, dhexgalka wadajir 12 iyo doonniyaha weyn, Peter uu faraxsan oo sheegay in uu doonayo in uu noqon Ingiriisi Admiral ah, ka badan Tsar Ruush ah. Laga soo bilaabo in riyo u leedahay in a Ruush Imperial Navy awood badan ayaa isaga iyo in gabi ahaanba.

dhallinyarada Russia

ganacsi Marine yeesho. In 1700, Petr Veliky abuurayaa calan oo ka mid ah maraakiibta ciidamada badda ee dalka Ruushka. Waxaa la magacaabay ka dib markii Order ugu horeysay ee Russian - St Andreya Pervozvannogo. 300 sanno oo ay raxan Ruushka, iyo ku dhowaad dhammaan waqtiga hadhaysay cross badmaax Ruush uugu buluuga ah ee calanka St. Andrew ee.

Sannad ka dib, ee Moscow dugsiga ugu horeysay ee ciidamada badda - dugsiga tacliinta xisaabeed iyo sahanka. La aasaasay ciidamada badda ee lagu amray in ay keeni laan cusub. Ajiibay Naval Charter galay safafka badda.

Laakiin ugu muhiimsan - Admiralty ah, mas'uul ka ah deked markab ah - Maraakiibta cusub oo la halkaas ka dhisay.

qorshayaasha Peter waxaan ee conquests dheeraad ah dekedaha on Black Sea iyo saldhigga waxaa shipyards reebay koox qad si Waqooyiga. Denmark iyo Sweden dagaalka u baxay in ka badan jasiiradaha lagu muransan yahay, iyo Peter iyada biiray dhinaca deenishka, iyadoo ujeedadoodu tahay in jebiso "furmo suuqa Yurub" iyada oo loo marayo - helitaanka badda bari.

Battle Gangut

Sweden oo ay hogaaminayso yar iyo kibiri Charles XII jiray ciidamada ugu weyn ee wakhtigaas. Hureen Ruush Imperial Navy sugayay dhibtani. In xagaagii 1714 koox dad ah ee Ruush ah ee galleys hogaaminayo Admiral Fedorom Apraksinym la kulmay maraakiibta awood u dhoofaysa Swedish ee Cape Hanko. Dhalaya si ay madaafiicda cadowga, Admiral ah kuma ay dhicin inay si toos ah iska hor imaad iyo soo wariyay in Peter xaaladda.

boqorku wuxuu kaloo sameeyey taatiko ah: amray in ay diyaarin Gogosha a maraakiibta doon dhul engegan, iyo si ay u muujiyaan ujeedka lagu doonayo in ay soo gaarto halkay danbe ee raxan cadowga. Si tan looga hortago, Sweden wadaago raxan, diraya askartii ka mid ah 10 weelashii Goldogob saarney meeshii Perevoloka. Wakhtigan badda waxaa la aasaasay is dajiyaan oo dhamaystiran, kaas oo u diiday dadka iswiidhishka suurtagalnimada of dhaqdhaqaaq kasta. Maraakiibta u ballaaran iyo jiidh arc taagan in dagaal looga soo kacshay, oo doonniyaha raxan Ruushka - galleys dhibtoonaya degdeg ah - qarxay xeebaha iyo weeraray koox ka mid ah 10 weelal, waxaa ku xannibay in gacanka. flagship markabka "Maroodiga" la qaatay on doonnidii fuulnay, Peter shakhsi ahaan uu ku lug lahaa weerarkii Fowdadii ah, barbaro badmaax by tusaale ahaan.

guul badda Ruush ahaa dhamaystiran. About maraakiibta darsin ah ayaa la qabtay, ka badan kun dalka Iswiidan ku qabtay in ka badan 350 - ayaa la dilay. Haddii aan laga badiyay markab hal, Ruush badiyay 120 nin lagu dilay iyo 350 - dhaawacmeen.

Badda Victoria First - Gangut iyo, ka dib, at Grengam iyo dalka Poltava guul - waxan oo dhan ayaa ahaa furaha saxiixa ku Treaty of Nystad Sweden (1721), kaas oo Russia bilaabeen inay ku adkaan ee badda bari. Ujeedada - helitaanka dekedaha West Yurub - ayaa la gaaray.

Legacy Petra Velikogo

The salaysan la abuuro of Fleet Östersjön waxaa la aasaasay by Peter toban sano ka hor dagaalka ku Gangutskaya marka afka iswiidhishka Neva ka dib waxaa la aasaasay St. Petersburg, caasimada cusub ee Empire Ruush ah. Oo ay la socdaan saldhig milatariga ee ku yaal dhow - Kronstadt - waxay noqdeen irdaha xiran cadaawayaashiisii oo ballaadhan u furan ganacsiga.

Waayo, rubac qarni ah, Russia qaaday jidka qaatay dhowr qarniyo, awoodaha badda keentay - jidka ka doonniyo yaryar navigation xeebaha weelasha badan oo awood u bannaanayd caalami ah looga gudbo. Flag of Navy Ruushka ahaa ee loo yaqaan iyo ixtiraamo oo dhan badaha ee dhulka.

History of guul iyo guul darro

dib u habaynta Butros iyo ilmaha uu ugu jecel yahay - raxan ugu horeysay ee Russian - sugaya aayaha adag. oo dhan u taliya xiga ee dalka Aan la wadaago fikradaha ee Petra Velikogo, ama uu xoojin dabeecadeed.

In ka badan 300 oo sano ee soo socota in ay raxan Ruushka lahaa fursad ay ku guuleysan guul weyn jeer Ushakov iyo Nakhimov iyo dhaawac daran ee Sevastopol iyo Tsushima. Ka dib markii ay weeraro cuslaa Russia ayaa la diiday, xaaladda awood badda. Inta lagu guda jiro Renaissance ah, ka dib markii dhamaystiran burburkii ogyahay taariikhda ciidamada badda ee Ruushka iyo qarniyadii la soo dhaafay, iyo jeer casriga ah.

Maanta raxan la helo ka dib xoog fadhiidka ah u ba'an, iyo waxa muhiim ah in la xasuusto in ay dhan ku bilaabantay tamarta iyo doonistiisa ah Peter Waxaan, kuwaas oo la rumaysan yahay in weynaanta badda dalkooda.