Taariikhda hawlgalka Petsamo-Kirkenes, natiijooyinka, sawiro

hawlgalka Petsamo-Kirkenes ee 1944 waxay ahayd muhiimadda istiraatiiji Taliska Sare Soofiyeeti inta lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. Ujeedada dagaalka uu ahaa xoraynta ka shaqo Jarmal Arctic.

Petsamo-Kirkenes hawlgalka: photo, dulmar

The ciidamada Soviet ogol yahay ma aha oo kaliya si ay u dhamaystiraan eryidda ee soo duulay ee dalka. Dagaalo saameyn muhiim ah oo ku saabsan dheelitirka awoodda ee waqooyiga Yurub. Ciidamada Soviet lahaa in ay galaan in Petsamo iyo Luostari, halkaas oo 19-Mountain Corps of Wehrmacht ah, ka dibna talaabo on Kirkenes ah.

in lays ee ciidamada

On dhulka waxaa ku jiray 20 ciidan macdanta hogaaminayo Colonel-General Lothar Rendulic iyo 19 kiis buur-Jaeger, kaas oo uu madax ka yahay General Ferdinand Jodl. Ciidamada Jarmal ayaa soo bandhigay kooxihii 3 iyo 4 kooxood, 53 kun. Ceel., In ka badan 750 qori iyo madaafiic. Iyadoo qayb ka ah ciidamada Nazi joogay iyo diyaaradaha (160 cutub). jirka 19 ahaa ee difaaca ah si qoto dheer oo israac raacsan meelaha dhul adag. Ciidamada ku sugan buuraha dhagax u dhow harooyin iyo gacamo. Ciidamada Soviet ayaa la soo bandhigay ciidamada hore Karelia. xeryahooda amarka guud qaadeen Meretskov. Iyadoo qayb ka ah ciidamada Soviet joogo 14 ciidan, kuwaas oo uu hoggaaminayay Lieutenant-General Shcherbakov. Waxaa ka mid ahaa:

1. kooxihii qoriga (8).
2. armaajo oo madaafiic Is-gano (2).
3. Brigade 2 injineernimada, Haanta 1, 5 qoriga.
4. armaajo oo Madaafiic iyo madaafiic (21).
5. Koox gantaalo.

Tirada ciidanka Ruush ahaa 97 kun. Dadka. At asturidda ciidamada waxa ay aheyd in 2112 madaafiic iyo qoryaha, 107 taangiyada iyo qoryaha is-gano. Laga soo bilaabo hawada, ciidanka hayo 689 diyaaradaha. Petsamo-Kirkenes hawlgal weerar ka dhacay qayb ka mid ah Northern Fleet ah, hoos Admiral Golovko. Waxay ka kooban tahay 2-demisku ka qeyb galay Marine Corps ah, Maraakiibta iyo unugyada duulista badda (276 diyaaradaha). Horumarinta ciidamada adag by isticmaalka madaafiic culus, in arrintan la xiriira, General Meretskov codsaday taangiyada KV.

hawlgalka Petsamo-Kirkenes (gaaban)

Sida laga soo xigtay qorshaha, la filayo inta lagu guda jiro todobaadka ugu horeeya ee isticmaalaya workaround qoto dheer, noqanayaa woqooyi iyo ciidammadoodii oo koonfurta Jarmalka ayaa difaacay in Rheine B. Zapadnaya Litsa. In si kale loo dhigo, ciidamada Soviet ahaayeen si ay u sameeyaan "kuleeliyaha" ee classic. Sida laga soo xigtay taariikhyahan, hawlgalka Petsamo-Kirkenes (taariikhda bilaabista - October 7) waxaa la qorsheeyay sarkhaansan Leningrad iyo Battle of Stalingrad. Inta lagu guda jiro dhaqdhaqaaqa ciidamada Soviet oo ka mid ah ciidamada Wehrmacht fuliyay qaxidda ee qaybo ka mid ah Finland iyo Norway. hawlgalka Tan waxaa lagu magacaabaa Nordlicht. Its sida hore (Birke), ku qaatay Rendulic. Ka dibna, waayo guusha taas oo uu ku helay ee Knight ayaa Cross la caleemo geedkii (abaalmarinta ugu sareysa ee Reich ah). hawlgalka Petsamo-Kirkenes 1944 lagu qabtay saddex marxaladood. In marxaladda ugu horeysay waxaa jiray dhibaato in ay jebiyaan oo ka difaaca Jarmal ka hor inta ciidamada Soviet. Markaasaa ciidankii waa daba gumeystayaal kala firxaday in Kirkenes iyo Bixin dagaallada final. Inta lagu guda jiro dhaqdhaqaaqa ciidamada Soviet waxa ay ahayd dhowr ciidamada vybrosok lugta badda iyo cutubyo ciidanka. Mid ka mid ah weerar ku qaaday ee dibinta Yar Volokovaya.

Breakthrough Difaaca Jarmal

October 7 at daba jog 8 am bilaabay. 2.5 saacadood ka dib markii ciidamada Soviet tegey on weerar. Maalintii ugu horraysay ee xero 131 ayaa gaaray p. Titovka iyo qasbi 99aad ma dhameystiri karo hawsha isla markiiba. Jebiyaan oo ka difaaca Jarmal ahaa oo kaliya in subaxdii on 8 October. Maalinta ku xigta - 9aad - Ciidamada weerar bilaabay koox hoos amarka Lieutenant General Pigarevicha. Waxay ahaayeen ku yaal xagga bari ka jirtay degmada. Beddelaan. Dadka dalka reer horumarinta firfircoon ee naasiga dhinaca Murmansk. habeenkii la sameeyey degtey ah ee Little Bay Volkova (biriijka Mattivuono). Badmaax maray xigtaa Musta xigtaa iyo madax for Petsamo, qayb ka mid ah ciidamada ciidanka Jarmal jarida.

xeeran

126 legkostrelkovy Corps, amray by Colonel Solovyev, ka garabka bidix ayaa si guul leh ku qaadeen workaround ah. Oo maalintii afraadna waxaa, ayuu u tegey oo wadada Petsamo-Salmijärvi oo ka gooyay ay galbeed Luostari. Garaaceen Jarmalka counter-attack, jidhka sii wadi doonaa in kor loogu qaado, oo gaarey wadada Petsamo-Tarnet. kooxda Night, madax Major General Zhukov in Luostari qabtay Airporka. Waxa ay ahayd qabashada a istaraatiiji ah oo muhiim ah. Galaan ciidamada Luostari Soviet faqiirsan Jarmalka mid ka mid ah garoomada diyaaradaha ee ugu weyn ee waqooyiga. diyaarad Dhowr cadowgooda qabtay sida booli. Oo isla maalintaas waxaan lagu wareejiyay caga a Liinakhamari. Wada jir ah ula 114 jirka qeybinta 99 badda meel naasiga ka bariyeelay. Sidaas darteed Petsamo on dhinacyada oo dhan waxaa ku hareereysan ciidamo Soviet. Laga soo bilaabo bari si dejinta dhaqaaqay Marines iyo Pigarevicha kooxda, xagga galbeed xaaladda gacanta of Brigade Marine 72 ahayd, oo ku yaalla koonfurta - ahaa guryaha 131, oo ka ciidamada woqooyi soo dhawaaday, qabtay October 13 Liinakhamari Harbor.

Qaadashada dekedda

hawlgalka Petsamo-Kirkenes waa kala duwan in ay ku lug ma aha oo kaliya Army, laakiin raxan ah. At heerka ugu dambeeya ee qeybta dagaalo sahan gaar ah 181 dhaqaaqay deegaanka Liinakhamari. Dekedda ayaa la xoojiyey ee gumeystayaal faashistihii iyo headlands daboolay Romanov iyo Cross ah. dhagax adag ku salaysan Jarmalka ee la soo dhaafay dhisay xoojinta kala duwan, emplacements qalabaysan, Jeelal, boholo, iwm At Cape Romanov ilaa haatan ku hadhay biinka Kuwaas waxaa ku jira toorbiidyo Jarmalka rakibo. From qalcad ah, kuwaas oo bixiyaa aragti fiican ka galo dekedda. Tani waxay ka dhigtay in ay suurto gal ah in toorbiidyo kasta quusta ama maraakiibta. October curyaamin 12-go'idda, amray by Major-Barchenko Emelyanov Leon, weeraray baytariyada Jarmal yaal m ka saliibi ah.. dagaalka waxay ahayd muddo kooban ah. Iyada oo khasaaraha ugu yar, Ciidamada Soviet qabtay batteriga. Sababo la xiriira suuqa kala iibsiga waxaa lagu fuliyay degtey guul ku Liinakhamari, goobta qabashada iyo xad ku xiga ee Petsamo.

oo la wareegtay Nikkel

Daafacayay bixiyo ciidamada hoos amarka General Vogel. Waxaa ka mid ah unugyada iyo, ka dhoofin Luostari oo ay soo wareejiyay Finland. Petsamo-Kirkenes hawlgalka sii dagaalamaya Nikkel on 18 October. ciidanka Jarmal bixiyeen iska caabin madax adag. Iyadoo ay taasi jirto, ciidamada Soviet gaartay Yar-biriijka oo qabsaday Nikkel (Kolosjoki). falalka Active ciidanka Ruush qasbay amarka Jarmal si loo dedejiyo hore oo kale, oo ka dib markii weerar cirka ah ku qaaday Kirkenes October 21 - si ay u dhamaystiraan qaxidda. Magaaladu waxay ku dhamaatay in biyo nadiif ah, adeegsaday waayo, kululeeyaha maraakiibta. October 22 131 guryaha bilaabay Tarnet dagaalka ha ka. Isla mar ahaantaana Marines ah, oo ay taageerayaan madaafiic, qabatay xeebaha nadiifinta.

Battle Dhameystirka

October 23-25 Petsamo-Kirkenes Offensive guurtay wajiga ugu danbeeya. Jarmalka Socda waddooyinka miino iyo iyaga is qarxiyaan. Waxaa la xusay in xawaaraha ay horay u ahaa oo ku saabsan 40 km / maalintii. Dhinaca kale, xidhiidhka ka Soviet inta lagu jiro maalinta ka adkaaday oo ku saabsan 8.5 km. October 25 duhurkii ee square ugu weyn ee Kirkenes waxaa uu ahaa kulan ka mid ah dadka deegaanka. isaga oo hoos volleys hubka Ka dib, gabay, reer duqa heesta calanka Norwegian ah ayaa la sara kiciyey. From Northern Fleet ah waxaa lagu beeray 3 degtey taatiko u dhow xeebta koonfureed ee biriijka Varanger ah:

1. In talgaley iyo Aresvuono Suolavuono October 18.
2. In Kobholm Fjord - 23 October.
3. In Holmengro Fjord - 25 October.

Dhammaan saddex iibsiga ahayd guul iyo saameyn wanaagsan ku koorsada dagaalka. On October 27, Ciidamada Soviet galay Nautsi: jirka 31 hoos imaanaya hoggaanka Major General Absalyamova ka bari ka timid, iyo 127 la xidhiidha legkostrelkovoe - xagga woqooyi. cadowga, u dhaqaaqo Kirkenes, qodaya oo dhan kaca weyn, halaagnay waddooyinka. Jidka si ay magaalada ayaa gabi ahaanba miino, Suurka kor by buundada ganaax ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, October 25 9 subaxnimo, Ciidamada Soviet waxay galeen magaaladii. Sayidka dhamaaday howlgalka Petsamo-Kirkenes.

Ka caawi waddaniyiin degaanka

Iyadoo la sii daayo degsiimooyinka badan oo ka baxsan Midowga Soofiyeeti ay taageerayaan ciidanka Soviet siiyaa dadka deegaanka ay. Waxa uu ahaa ma laga reebo iyo Offensive Petsamo-Kirkenes. Natiijada aboor dagaalka ku yar guul haddii aan gargaar ee waddaniyiin maxaliga ah. Sayidka, qasbo Yar Fjord qaadeen on doonyaha kalluumaysiga, iyo lafdhabarka. Patriots Norwegian tegey badda ku tuuraya on laba motor-doonyo badan isagoo caawinaad aad u weyn in ciidamada Soviet. Dadka deegaanka badbaadiyey shaqaalaha doonniyihii hoos dab agalay oo afar askari ah inay dhinaca kale. In goobta Elvenes Fjord in gudbaya dhul ka mid ah Ciidamada Soviet lahaa in ay mar kale bilaabaan weerar. 14 Division ku hawlan isgoyska hanuuniyey amphibious on raacaan. Tani waxa ay mar caawiyay waddaniyiin Norway. Sidoo kale, dadka deegaanka ayaa u yimid oo Beck Fjord. Sida a hawlgalka natiijada Petsamo-Kirkenes degsiimooyinka waaweyn ayaa la soo saaray:

1. Svanvik.
2. Sandnes.
3. Munkelven.
4. Fosstord.
5. Trangsund.
6. Sturbukt.
7. Neiden.
8. Tarnet.
9. Langfordbotn.
10. Vokterbolig.
11. Bernevann.
12. Kroftfeterbukt.
13. Vierlunn.
14. Buholmen.

xusuusta

Sahamineed Northern Fleet badiyay marka qabsaday Liinhamari, aasay Cape Cross, at its dhibic aad u sarreeya. The qabriga mass ka kooban hadhaagii 20 qof. Taalladaas waa la arki karo meel fog. waxaa On waxaa ku Sugan Calaamad, halkaas oo dhintay oo dhan ku qoran yihiin magaca. In Kirkenesse rakibay taallo askari ee Soviet qori. Taalladaas waxaa la abuuray by sculptor Norwegian Fredriksen. The Presidium Wayn USSR ee Soviet oogi billadda "Waayo, difaaca Arctic." Waxaa gaysteen oo askari Soviet in cap a la earflaps, jaakad Sheepskin a iyo qori ku saabsan asalka ah taangiyada, diyaaradaha iyo maraakiibta ee badda.