Shiinaha: Qaybaha of Crisis ee pre-kacaan

Okoloburzhuaznye Boqortooyada dastuurka iyo ganacsade wareegyada, hogaaminayo Chzhan Tszyanem dalbaday in aan la olaga yihiin, laakiin casriyeynta dhab ah Shiinaha ruuxa gobolka looga baahan yahay guddiga la-talinta 1909- 1911 xisaabeedka. Ka dhawrsada wareegyada deeqsi for qaddar hooyo, dagaal Ruush-Japanese ee 1904-1905., Qaadataa meel on ciidda Shiinaha, tusaale naxdin leh ee Korea, in 1910 LABAGEEDI by Japan, muddo dheer-taagan khilaafka u dhexeeya mucaaradka dastuurka iyo ma rabo in la siiyo ilaa ay Manchu kaligiitalinimo abuuray qayb koowaad ee pre-kacaan dhibaatada.

Waxay ahayd qayb labaad ee dhaqdhaqaaqa kacaan dimuqraadi ah oo uu hoggaaminayo kacaan Chinese caanka Sun Yat-sen. Iyaga oo ku 1894, waxaa la abuuray "nooleenta Midowga Shiinaha" afgembiyaan xukunka Manchu ah. By 1905, Shiinaha hore u ahaa dhowr urur oo kacaan. Under saameynta ay kacaanka ugu horeysay ee Russian ah ee 1905 iyo waxa Zaman ee "baraaruga ee Asia" furan bilaabay weynna u kobcay oo ka mid ah dareenka kacaan anti-Manchu. dhaqdhaqaaqa xoreynta qaranka ee Shiinaha ayaa galay marxalad cusub. In 1905, hoos imaanaya hoggaanka Sun Yat-sen iyo Huang Siinay biireen ururada kacaan kala duwan ee "Ururka Midowga." qaybaha Shiinaha dhibaatada prerevolutionary ...

qayb saddexaad ee dhibaatada pre-kacaan waxay ahayd kor u fiiqan ee "rabshado Chinese jir ah", ie. E. Dabiiciga ah oo kala firdhiyey anti-Manchu, antinalogovyh ifbixii iyo (bariis) gaajaysan rabshado, inta badan uu hogaaminayo Ururada qarsoodiga ah. Kuwani weyn iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa sii kordhaysa oo dhan si weyn u koryeelay taliskii Qing ah.

Qaybta afraad ee ah bislaada of xaalad kacaan ahaayeen "dhaqaale" dhaqdhaqaaqa bourgeoisified Sidukiinta, dadka dhulka leh iyo bourgeoisie laftiisa ka dhanka ah saldanad ee caasimada shisheeye. Laga soo bilaabo 1905 in 1911, dalka ayaa maray taxane ah oo qaadacay antiinostrannyh (1905-1908), halganka for "ku noqon xuquuqda" in ay qabsadeen dhimis macdanta shisheeye (1906- 1910), ka dhanka daymaha shisheeye dhismaha waddada tareenka iyo iibka ah ee tanaasulaad tareenka (1907-1908 ). Waxaa jiray olole ballaaran oo lagu taageerayo ganacsiga gudaha, gaar ahaan dhismaha xarumaha loogu talagalay tareenka Chinese Huguanskih, ka dibna - "Ilaalinta tareenka" (1911). Qaramayn ee dowladda Qing ee shirkadaha gaarka loo leeyahay tareenka waddooyinka Huguanskih sababay in September-October 1911 kacdoonkii in Sichuan - wajiga hore ee Kacaanka Xinhai ah. October 10, 1911, waxaa jiray kacdoonkii ah in qaybo ka mid Wuchang "ciidanka cusub" hogaaminayo kacaan. Magaaladii waxaa la abuuray by dowladda military, oo wuxuu naadiyey markii la afgembiyey Boqortooyada Qing iyo abuuritaanka Jamhuuriyadda Shiinaha.

ka dib, 14 gobolladiisii oo sheegay in ay madaxbanaanidooda kala soo Beijing. Iyadoo ku guuldareysatay xakamaynta dhaqdhaqaaqa kacaan, Ch'ing siiyey awoodda dhabta ah ee caasimada si General Yuan Shikai - hakadgeliyay cadaanyo gudaha iyo awoodaha gumeystaha. Bishii December, ergooyinka gobollada madax banaan urursataan Nanjing, Sun Yat-sen loo doortay Madaxweynaha iyo madaxa dawladda Nanking ah. In dhamaadka, waxay lahayd ee "xoog dual" - cadaanyo soo horjeeda ku kacaan North South. cadaawad The cadaanyo maxalliga ah iyo awoodaha dowladda Nanking ah, iyo sidoo kale xisbiga Libaraalka guurka con stitutsionalistov dhinaca Yuan Shikai abuuray faa'ido ay guushu ku Waqooyiga. Sun Yat-sen lahaa in la siiyo ilaa madaxtooyada guud this beddelkeeda renunciation ah guri ammaan Manchu ee 1912. Ka dib markii dayrta ee Boqortooyada Qing Madaxweynaha Yuan Shikai ka waxa loogu yeero awoodaha .zaem habeynta helay si loo adkeeyo xooggiisa. In xagaagii 1913 ayuu Maanshaynay dhiigga lagu jiheeyo uu dhaqdhaqaaqa ee gobollada bartamaha iyo koonfurta.

Shiinaha: Qaybaha dhibaatada pre-kacaan