Reich - a ... taariikhda Saddexaad Reich (kooban)

Saddexaad Reich - waa magac aan rasmi ahayn ee Germany ee muddada taariikh gu'gii 1933 ilaa May 1945. Inkastoo sida nolosha gaaban, wuxuu door muhiim ah in taariikhda qarnigii la soo dhaafay, taasoo in badan oo weli ma xallin qarsoodiga aadan. Aan isku dayno si kooban u qeexaan marxaladaha ugu muhiimsan ee qaddar ee gobolka wakhtigaas. Dabcan, waa in ay bilaabaan ka joogo marka Hitler in ay awood u yimid, si ay u yeeran wixii fikrado uu ku guuleystay qalbiyada Jarmalka badan oo sumeeyay, waxay ka fikiraan. Laakiin dagaalka - ma aha waxa kaliya in siyaasi ruug cadaaya. Under uu garabka, wuxuu soo ururiyey saynisyahano badan oo aad u fiican oo wuxuu siiyey fursad ay ku shaqeeyaan iyo abuurta. xal Tani ayaa loo ogol yahay Germany si aad u hesho qalab farsamo ugu aan caadi ahayn, mahad taas oo dalka si deg deg ah ka burburinta laga cabsado soo kabsaday.

Asalka magaca

Drittes weedha Reich ka hab Jarmal tarjumay "Third Reich." Waxa xiiso leh in qeexitaankan waxaa turjumay Ruush siyaabo kala duwan. Ereyga "Reich" waxaa loo fasiri karaa sida a "ee gobolka" iyo "boqortooyadiisa", laakiin isagu waa kan ugu dhow fikradda ah sida "awood" sida. Laakiin xitaa luqada Jarmalka, wuxuu heli karaan dareen asalka ah. Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, Reich ah - a "boqortooyada". Qoraaga of fikradda this ahaa madaxdii Jarmal Arthur Moeller Van Den soo turjunay.

First iyo Reich Labaad

Reich Saddexaad ... Erayga waa la yaqaan in kasta oo qof. Laakiin dhowr sheegi kartaa sababta gobolka waxaa loo bixiyey jidkaas. Waa maxay sababta saddexaad? Xaqiiqada ah in Van Den Broek fahamsan yahay erayga qarameed, kaas oo lagu uuraysan sida marsada ah ee dadka Jarmal oo dhan. Sida ay fikradaha uu, Reich koowaad - a Roman Empire of Nation Jarmalka.

Her nolosha bilaabay in 962, iyo kala gooyey iyadoo ay sabab u guuldarada, oo iyada ka dhigay inay Napoleon ee 1806. Reich Second yeedhay Empire Jarmal ah, abuuray 1871, mar marka xeerarka William I. Its taariikhda ku dhamaaday ka dib markii 1918 kacaanka. Tan waxaa loo yaqaan Kaiser ee Germany. Laakiin Reich Saddexaad, sida uu Van Den Bruka, la yeeley khaliifka daciif Jamhuuriyadda Weimar ah, oo waxaa la filayey inay daacadnimada kaamil ah. Horeba fikradda ah waxaa ka mid ah qaaday Adolf Hitler. Sayidka, taariikhda Germany, ee gaaban, ku haboon oo kaliya galay isku xigta Reich.

Taariikh kooban

By 20 ee dabayaaqadii - horraantii 30-mada. dhaqaalaha adduunka hoos xukunka dhibaatooyinka caalamiga ah ayaa curyaamiyey oo ay ku jiraan Germany ahaa. Iyada oo ay taasi iyo bilowgii la xidhiidha ee 1934, qaddar ee Reich Saddexaad. In gobolka of xaaladda siyaasadeed ee aad u daran. Isla mar ahaantaana ay korortay muhiimadda ay leedahay Xisbiga Qaranka Socialist Workers '. At 1932 July doorashooyinka, waxaa ku guuleystay 37% codadka. Laakiin, inkasta oo uu ka sarre maray dhinaca kale, weli ma jirin ku filan si ay u sameeyaan dawlad.

Natiijadan ayaa waxa ay ka dib doorashadii ahaa xitaa ka yar (32%). sannadka oo dhan this Madaxweynaha Hindenburg baaqay Hitler in ay xubin ka mid ah dawladda noqday, isaga codsaday in ay meel-xigeenka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu diyaar u ahaa oo kaliya in ay booska uu ka madax sare. Kaliya jiilaalka soo socda Hindenburg qaadaan xaaladahan. Oo January 30, Adolf Hitler ayaa loo magacaabay madax sare.

Horeba February, mamnuucday xisbiga shuuciga iyo madaxda ka dhanka ah cadaadis adag bilaabay, taas oo waxaa la hoos geliyey ku dhawaad nus ka mid ah xubnihiisa.

Isla markiiba kala diri Reichstag ah, oo marayay in doorashooyinka March guuleystay NDSAP. Dowladda cusub ee haatan waa kulanka ugu horeeya, on March 23 ansixiyey awoodda aan caadiga ahayn ee xaq Hitler.

In July, waxaa la mamnuucay dhammaan dhinacyada jira marka laga reebo Nazi ah. Sidoo kale kala diri ururrada shaqaalaha, iyo halkii la aasaasay a Labor Front Jarmal. 1938 calaamadsan bilowgii xarig ah iyo burburinta Yuhuudda.

caan Hitler ee si tartiib ah u koray. doorka A caanka ah ee this lagu ciyaaray by dacaayad: Kaiser ee Germany iyo daciif Weimar Republic ayaa cambaareeyay, iyo weli guuldaradii xusuustay ee dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka. Sidoo kale, Fuhrer ay sabab u ahayd caan sii kordhaysa ee dhamaadka Depression Great iyo horumarinta dhaqaalaha ee dareemi. Gaar ahaan xusid mudan waa xaqiiqda ah in inta lagu jiro xilliga this dalka ayaa hogaanka si loo soo saaro biraha sida aluminium iyo bir.

In 1938, Austria biiray Reich ah, iyo waxa ka dib 1939 - iyo Czechoslovakia. sannadka soo socda, madaxa Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo Jarmalka ayaa saxiixday heshiis nonaggression ah.

Dagaalkii Adduunka ee II iyo Reich Saddexaad

Bishii September 1939, ciidamada Reich galeen Poland. France iyo Britain oo ka jawaabeysa, dagaal Germany. In ka badan saddex sano ee soo socota ee Reich ka adkaaday dal oo Yurub ah. Bishii June 1941, Germany weeraray Midowga Soofiyeeti, qaar ka mid ah oo dalkiisii ka soo qabsadeen.

In meelaha ka guulaystay rakibay hab dheehan waano. Tani waxay ka xanaajiyeen ah ee kooxaha dhuumaalaysiga ah.

In July 1944, inqilaab ah isku dayay (burburay) iyo isku day uu ku fashilmay nolosha Hitler ee la sameeyey. In gobolka ee kooxaha dhuumaalaysiga qarsoodi ah abaabulay.

May 7, 1945 u saxiixay fal aan shuruud lahayn is dhiibin ee Germany. 9 May ahayd maalintii ugu dambaysta ee colaadaha. Oo May 23 ayaa la qabtay dowladda ee Reich Saddexaad.

Qaab dhismeedka State iyo dhulka Reich Saddexaad

Madaxa boqortooyadiisa ahaa Chancellor ah. Awoodda fulinta waxaa ku urursan gacmaha dawladda. -dejinta waxa uu ahaa Cuntada Imperial, taas oo ay dadku soo doortaan. Germany gudahood waxaa loo ogol yahay in ay ku shaqeeyaan oo kaliya xisbiga Qaranka Socialist Workers '.

Reich Saddexaad waxaa loo kala qaybiyey afar iyo toban dal iyo laba magaalo.

Dalalka ku jira gobolka iyadoo ay sabab u ballaarinta, iyo kuwa inta badan ku noolaa qowmiyadaha Jarmalka, ayaa waxaa ka mid ahaa sidii Circle Imperial ku dhex jira. Waxaa loo yaqaan "reyhsgau". Sayidka, Austria waxaa loo kala qaybiyey toddoba hay'adaha sida.

On the dalalkan haray qabsadeen abaabulay Reichskommisariat. Wadar ah shan hay'adaha sida ku abuuray, afar ka badan qaab qorsheysan.

Calaamooyinka Reich Saddexaad

Waxaa laga yaabaa in calaamadda ugu caansan oo la yaqaan sifeeyay Reich Saddexaad - calanka cas la yiinta ah, kuwaas oo weli ka mamnuuc ah dalal badan. By habka, iyada waxaa ka muujinayaa on dhowaad dhammaan sifooyinka gobolka. Waxa xiiso leh in hubka oo ka mid ah Reich, gaar ahaan qabow, waxaa la abuuray iyada oo la tixgelinayo dabeecadaha uniform iyo calaamadaha qaranka. sifo kale waa cross bir la darafyadiisa kacday ah. jubbadda hubka qudhiisu waa image ee Eagle Black, in haadeed ka ah taas oo ahayd shabag geed la yiinta ah.

"The Song of Jarmalka"

Tasbiixso of Reich Saddexaad - u abuurtay ku dhawaad qarni ka hor bilowgii Hitler ee "Song of Jarmalka." Qoraaga of qoraalka ahaa Hoffmann von Fallersleben. raacidda muusikada qoray Yozef Gaydn. Tasbiixso of Reich Saddexaad hadda waa Halabuurka ugu weyn ee midoobay Germany ah. Waxa xiiso leh, "ayuu Song of Jarmalka" maalmaha our ma keeno ururo sida xun oo xoog leh, sida yiinta ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani ma khuseeyo socod military ee Reich Saddexaad.

Anyway, qaar ka mid ah. Tusaale ahaan, halabuurka qoraalka Horst Wessel, wuxuu ahaa ciidamada weerar Maarso iyo xisbiga talada haya heesta. Maalmahan, waxaa mamnuuc sharciga dembiyada ee Germany iyo Austria.