Qolof ee baradho ah: sababaha iyo daaweynta

Toxobta on baradho - cudur fangas oo ku dhaca tubers ah. Wareer ah waxaa laga yaabaa in waqti dheer in ciidda, iyo khudradda soo daloolada ama boogaha yaryar. Just doonayaa inaan iraahdo in khudradda xididka cudurka la cuni karin, laakiin qayb ka mid ah waxyeelo of cut iyo tuuraa. Halista qolof waa in badeecooyinka iyo dhadhan ee khudaarta ka dhicin, ku dhacaan heerarka fitamiin, macdan iyo acids amino. Haddii khasaaraha ka mid ah nafaqooyinka waa 35% -40%, dhalidda ee waa la dhimay by badh (60% -65% waxaa lagu gaarayaa, in mararka qaarkood khasaaro).

xaaladaha wanaagsan ee horumarka ah ee cudurka

Sida cudur kasta, qolof dhacdaa mararka qaar. ka mid ah kuwa soo socda:

- pH ciidda of 6.1 - 7.4, ie falcelinta waa wax yar ka xumadoodu.

- Heerkulka 24 ° C - 29 ° C.

- qoyaan Ciidda - kala duwan ee 50-70%.

- Marka la samaynayo lime iyo qori ash.

- Haddii ciidda digada bacrimin ah. Khatarta ugu been in xaqiiqda ah in tubers anti-qolof burburay ayaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu quudiyo xoolaha. Marka la eego in micro-organisms waa mid aad u deggan, ay dhex maraan marinka dheef shiidka ee xayawaanka iyo tagaan oo ay la socdaan uu ku aastaan. Bacarimiso ciidda la digada si keeni karaa faddarada oo dheeraad ah.

- Marka xad dhaaf ah Bacriminta nitrogen iyo calcium.

- Iyadoo la'aan ah boron ciidda iyo manganese.

tallaabooyin ka hortag ah si looga hortago dhacdo ee qolof

Waxaa aad u fiican in ay isku dayaan in ay sameeyaan oo ay hayaan xaaladaha ka yar taas oo wakiilka sababaya waa raaxo. Laakiin haddii aad weli aragto ee tubers yar burooyinka convex, hubi inaad ogaato sida in laga takhaluso of qolof baradho. Waxaa jira talooyin guud beeralayda in la yareeyo kartaa halista cudurka:

• Kormeer si taxadar leh laga beerto wax. Dooro tubers weyn oo miisaankeedu yahay 75-100 g, pretreated xal of acid boric (10 g 9 l oo biyo ah).
• beerto Deep dalagyada xididka ayaa sidoo kale hoos u dhigtaa khatarta of qolof.
• Ka dib markii aad miro dhan ku harta waa in la soo ururiyey (tubers boobay, oo xididdada, afkoda) iyo iyaga looga wada baabbi'iyo.
• meel beerto baradho waa in la bedelay xilliyo ka dib beero digirta, taas oo loo kobciyo ciidda la nitrogen iyo waxa kele. Tubers laabto ay goobta asalka ah waxay noqon kartaa in 4-5 sano.
• Hubi ashitada ciidda (pH waa in aan ka badnayn 6.0). Haddii kale, dhaqanka weerari karaan qolof baradho ah. daaweynta by yahay kiimikada natiijada lahayn, laakiin si loo yareeyo halista cudurka waa mid fudud. Dheellitir pH ah waxaa laga yaabaa in Bacriminta macdanta (superphosphate) hoos tubers. Si cad u dhawrtaan waraabiyo jadwalka. Ku darista lime waa khusayso oo keliya marka pH ciidda hoos ku qoran waa 4.9. baradho walaaqaya waxtar leh u dhacday cirbadaha geed, ka dhigi baaruud (2.1 - 3.2 kg halkii Xaylemaryam) ama gypsum (15-20 kg halkii boqol mitir oo laba jibbaaran).

Kuwani waa tilmaamaha kaliya guud. Beeralayda muhiim ah in la ogaado waxa kala duwan on qolof baradho. Hababka xaaladaha halganka iyo horumarinta waxaa laga yaabaa in wax yar ka duwan, laakiin guud ahaan, xeerarka loo xaliyo dhibaatada waa isku mid.

qolof caadi ah

Noocan cudur inta badan waxaa laga helaa in ka badan dadka kale. Daafla waa isnadaamiska Streptomyces. Heer sare sii kordhaya ee carradu bacaadka iyo calcareous, in huurka badan oo qiyaasood oo badan oo arrinta organic. Soo ridashada cudurka si fudud cudurka by boogaha yaryar, taas oo si tartiib ah u kora oo ugu danbeyn daboolay by daahan fur-sida.

qolof A Common on baradho ma jiro at fasalada oo dhan. Badankiis difaac xoog leh cudurka yihiin "Berlichingen" iyo "Priekule" iyo "Kameraz".

Oo ay la socdaan xeerarka guud ee beerto iyo daryeelidda dhaqanka waxaa jira daro yar. ka hor sida in laga takhaluso of qolof baradho ah, sameeyo daawada ka hortaga of tubers - iyaga kula saydhaa leh ee macnihiisu yahay "Nitrafen" ama "Polikarbatsin". Tayo badan ee la dagaalanka cudurka ka caawiyaa biqilka ee laga beerto wax ay iftiinka. Waraabiyo dhaqanka isla markiiba bilaabaan ka dib sii qotodheeraata ee ciidda iyo sii ilaa jirridda geedka uma siyaadiyo Waxaan si 1.5-2 cm ee dhumucda.

qolof budada ah

Daafla waa subterranea Spongospora. Horumarisa ee ciidda waa mid aad u qoyan. Iyo doodiisa of pathogene lagu qasi laga yaabaa in ay dalkooda iyo gaari xididada. Tani qolof on baradho Waxaa muujiyey ee foomka of burooyinka in cawl iftiinka.

dildilaaca maqaarka tuber goobta caabuqa, cudur sii faafa. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in kala duwan sida "Lorch", "yubel", "Cardinal" iyo "adkaade" waa ficil aan saameeyeen cudurka.

cudurka baradho Tani - qolof budada ah - saamayn ku xididdada iyo jirridda. tubers waa u nugul cudurka sare by-engeeg iyo muuqaalka kore ee waxa qudhmay oo soo daahay. wax la beero ka hor inta beeridda hayo xal 40% formalin (ratio - 1: 200) ee loogu talagalay 6-7 daqiiqo, ka dibna laba saacadood dabooli tarpaulin.

toxobta, oo lacag ah

Markii hore, tubers waxay u muuqdaan baro cawlan ama sharooto yar, eg danbas madow. Ka dib markii maqaarka baradho ah hoolmay kaalinta noqdo cawlan.

Waxaa loo tixgeliyaa solani Helminthosporium fungus sababaya, kaas oo si degdeg ah ayaa kobciya at heerkul ah 19-21 ° C iyo 90-95% qoyaan.

Cudurku waa mid khatar ah, waayo dhalidda maratay dhibciyo. tubers saameeyeen sii wadaan in ay lumiyaan miisaan badan xitaa marka lagu kaydiyaa, iyo caaryada cawl muuqan karaa on goobta of qoon ah. More nugul hadyada meejeeda, wax-soosaarkooda on loamy iyo carradu bacaadka ah. Ka hor inta beerto tubers ku Iambarrada. sidoo kale Daaweynta waxaa isla markiiba la fuliyay ka dib goosashada ka hor inta daawooyinka kaydinta la isticmaalayo sida "Nitrafen", "Botran", "fundazol", "Celeste" ama "Titus."

Rhizoctonia ama qolof madow

Daafla waa solani Rhizoctonia. Horumarisa xaaladaha huurka badan. Sida caadiga ah, cudurka waxa uu dhacaa marka guga goor dambe iyo roobaadka. Waxaa muuqato sida dhibco ama sclerotia madow qoto-dheer oo dhib leh xoqayna dusha sare.

toxobta, Black on baradho halis ah maxaa yeelay waxa ay ku dhufan kartaa biqilka kale tuber. caleemaha Kuwanu, ama dhinta, ama iyaga ula muuqda on dusha sare ee dhaawaca ah oo caws iyo caleemaha laab laab sare. Best of pathogene oo dhan ayaa dareensan on carradu loamy.

Tani waa mid ka mid ah kala duwanaansho ugu xun ee cudurka, sababtoo ah noocyo adkaysi aysan ka jirin. Ma aha si ay u muujiyaan qolof madow ee baradho, daaweynta bilaabmaa anmbarka tubers diyaarinta bakteeriyo sida "muhiim", "Planriz" ama "Bactofit" iyo sidoo kale ka dhigan "Fenoram", "Vivataks" ama "Maxim".

Qoto Xeebeedka: carrada bacaadka ah la gudboon - 7 cm, loamy - 8-11 cm ee Peat - 12-13 cm Incubate waqtiga degtey celcelis ahaan marka ciidda kulaalaa ilaa + 8 ° C .. Waxay ka hortagtaa dhacdo ee engeeg galkeeda of Bacriminta macdanta iyo organic qaabab ka badan lagu talinayaa in xoogaa kala duwan.