Princess Tenisheva Mariya Klavdievna: sokoeye iyo Biography, sawiro

noblewoman Ruush Tenisheva Mariya Klavdievna, Biography oo lagu tilmaami doonaa in this article, la odhan gabadhii xirtay Pyatkovskaya. Iyadu waa caan ah dadweynaha tiradaasi, baraha iyo deeqbixiye. Waxa kale oo loo yaqaan nooca hal abuur leh, fanaaniinta dhaldhalaalka iyo ururiyaha tahay. Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna aasaasay qolweyne fanka ee Petersburg, Antiquities Ruush museum ah magaalada Smolensk, ee School of Bixidda (sidoo kale St. Petersburg), dugsiga sare ee xirfadaha Bezhitsk, iyo sidoo kale siminaaro farshaxanka-warshadaha ee guryaha Talashkino, oo iyada ku lahaayeen.

Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna: graphene bilayer gaaban

Dabcan, sheekada ku saabsan nolosha qofka ku bilaabmaa taariikhda saxda ah ee uu ku dhashay. Nasiib darro, taariikhda ayaa sii raagayaan macluumaad ku saabsan sida saxda ah oo uu ku dhashay sanadkii artist mustaqbalka tayo leh, sababta oo ah waxa uu ahaa sharci darrada ah, inkastoo noblewoman caasimadda. No mid ka mid ah maanta ma aqaano waxa magaca aabbaheed u gaar ah. Ka dib markii guurka, ayay kaxaysay magaca ninkeeda oo waxay noqdeen loo yaqaan Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna. Taariikhda dhalashada iyada - April 20, laakiin sannadkii la tilmaamay qiyaastii inta u dhaxaysa 1865-1867. By jidka, waxaa jira warar sheegayay in aabbaheed noqon kartaa Emperor Alexander II ee Russia. Inta badan, sababtu waxa weeye of this wax badan gudubyadaas story qarsoodiga ah iyada dhalashada.

carruurnimada ku faraxsaneyn

hooyadeed Maria Alexandrovna guursaday Kalawdiyos iyo Stefanovich Pyatkovskogo magiciisa u dhashay. adeer Labaad Masha yar ahaa MP Dizen asalka - nin aad u qani ah, kuwaas oo ay leedahay dhowr guri oo ku yaal St. Petersburg iyo Moscow. Hooyo ma codsan in gabadhiisa la danqasho iyo daryeelka, iyo gabadha u lahaa in ay had iyo jeer noqon on waardiyayaashu si aanay u daran Beentoodii iyada dhirifkiisa, iyadoo ay sabab u ah waxa ay raaci kari caddibaad daran iyo xataa karbaash. Waxay koray dhuuban-hasyo oo xiran, waxa ay dhaawici doontaa hal dayi. Waxaa intaa dheer, iyada ayaa muddo dheer lagu qabtay ciil iyo ma dhaafo laga yaabaa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ahayd mid aad u xoog-ka yeeli iyo nooc, madax-bannaan oo firfircoon. Waxay ku riyooday nolosha a kala duwan, ka soo horjeeda ee wixii ay lahayd oo guriga uu adeer.

formation

Ilaa 1869 mustaqbalka Princess Mariya Klavdievna Tenisheva bartay guriga ka yar isha jeed ah macalin Faransiis. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dib markii barashada ku saabsan 'dugsiga, halkaas oo ay ku dhaqma on gabdhaha ee dhawaanta la furay ee Russia ee gabdhaha ugu horeysay barnaamijka waxbarashada, dugsiyada lab, waxay go'aansatay inay qaadato imtixaanka iyo diiwaan gashan. Founder of gymnasium waxay ahayd M. Speshnyov. dhallinyarada waxbarashada Masha ahaa fudud, iyo waxa ugu dhakhsaha badan u noqday mid ka mid ah ardayda ugu horeeya ee dugsiga.

guurka ugu horeysay

In 1876, Maria guursaday. Ninkeeda noqday qareen R. Nikolaev. Sannad ka dib ayay u dhacday, gabadh, Maria Rafailovna - mustaqbalka Baroness von der Osten-Sacken. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, guurka ahaa muddo kooban ah iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan u dhacay marka laga reebo. Marka buugiisa, "Tenisheva Mariya Klavdievna: dareenkaa ee noloshayda," ayay u qoray, in sababta furiinka uu ahaa incompatibility ee dabeecadood ay iyada iyo ninkeeda.

Paris

Marka gabadha yar ahaa 4 sano jir, Maria Klavdievna tagay guriga, isaga oo gabadh. Waxay u tageen inay Paris, halkaas oo uu ku lug dugsiga music vocal M. Marchesi noqday. Dhanka kale, Masha eegay waayo, anoo daacad Lisa, kuwaas oo iyaga la sii joogi doono nolosha. Soon Paris for Maria Klavdievny Tenisheva noqdo magaaladiisa aad, halkaas oo ay dareensan sida kalluun biyo. Halkan waxaa oo dhan u dhow oo cad. Waxay keenaysaa nolol cilmaani ah, ayaa la kulmay dad hal abuur leh. Dugsiga music ayay la kulmay Rubinstein, Charles Gounod. Its eego shukaansi maalin kasta sii kordhaya. Ka mid ah saaxiibada iyada oo sidoo kale Ivan Turgenev. Artist Makovsky sidoo kale ku faraxsanahay in uu qaaday in uu saaxiibada Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna. sawirka A iyada, ayuu hoos aragti ugu horeysay oo ay lahaayeen isaga ku qoray.

Kulankii ugu horeeyay ee la Talashkino

Laba sano ka dib ku nool caasimada Faransiiska, Duchess mustaqbalka ku soo laabtay Russia wuxuu u diray xaafadda uu saaxiib carruurnimada Kitty. In Talashkino iyada oo aad u badan, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in ma jirto wax cajiib ah. Waxay jecel yahay nooca hooyo, hills, kaynta iyo beeraha. nasasho gaaban ka dib, iyadu, oo ay la socdaan iyada saaxiib mar kale u soo diray inuu Paris, maxaa yeelay, waxay loo baahan yahay in waxbarashadeyda ku dhameysan dugsiga vocal. In caasimada Faransiiska ay bilaabayaan inay si madax-bannaan uga qayb galo taariikhda fanka, booqo noocyo kala duwan oo matxafyo, galleries iyo D. sidaas on. In ka Louvre Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna la kulmay Gilbert iyo farshaxanka ay bilaabaan inay ku qaataan casharada ay barbaro galeen. Muddadan, ayay bilaabo inuu ku lug enamels.

Bilowgii hawlaha bulshada

In 1887, ee dhowaan yimid ee Talashkino, saaxiibtiis furay dugsi loogu talagalay carruurta ridayeen. Waxay go'aansadeen ma aha oo kaliya inuu baro akhriska iyo qorista, laakiin sidoo kale si lifaaq farsamada gacanta ah oo ay siiyaan fursad ay ku guulaystaan nolosha. Tenisheva ahaa waddani run ah, oo waxay doonayeen in ay gacan ka bartey barwaaqada ay dalkooda. Waxaa laga yaabaa in ay tahay in uu dhiiggeeda u sheegtay aabbeheed caleemo saaray?

search laftiisa

Sannad ka dib, Mary Klavdievny Tenisheva xidhan yiqiin la Konstantin Stanislavsky. Waxay go'aan ka uu isku dayi doontaa tiyaatarka iyo garoonka. In hibo by dabeecadda, wuxuu bilaabaa inuu horumar ka samayso, oo ah agaasimaha weyn iyada siiyaa fursad ay ku nafteeda tijaabiyo sida aktarada ah ee wax soo saarka masrixiyada ah "Baloven" masraxa ee "Jannada". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, farshaxanka ayaa gacanta sarre, oo waxay sii fasalada uu watercolor N. Golitsin, ka dibna galo ee School of Baron Stieglitz fasalada sawir. Qoqobada ee wareegyada farshaxanka, ayay kulmay a I. rinjiile dhallinyarada E. Repinym, oo mar dambe la Aleksandrom Benua, oo walaalkeed keenay artist Albert.

guurka labaad

In 1892 ayay mar kale guursado iyo hadda nolosha sare sida a Princess Mariya Klavdievna Tenisheva. Deeqbixiye, ganacsade, saynisyahan oo kaliya nin weyn oo qalbi qallafsan, Vyacheslav taageertaa dhammaan dadaallada uu naagtiisa ka yar. Waxa uu dhawaan aasaasay School Tenishev caanka ah ee St. Petersburg. Guurka qof ee duulimaadka sare oo caynkan ahu wuxuu iyadii siiyey faa'iidooyin badan oo kuwan fursado, wixii ay marna ku riyooday furay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, aanay u isticmaashaa barwaaqo shakhsiga ah iyo horumarinta faa'iido u ah fanka qoyska. Waxaa sidoo kale sheegay in Klavdievna Mariya ka Tenisheva - deeqbixiye ee dareenka truest ee erayga.

Nolosha Bezhitsa

Ninkeedana waxaa iska lahaa warshad Bryansk relsoprokatny, oo ku yaalla Bezhitsa. halkan soo socda, si ay u estate uu, Maria Klavdievna bilaabaa inuu ku lug leh hawlaha waxbarasho. Dabcan, waxaa aad u badan this ninkeeda caawiyey. Aan caasimada iyadu ma ku sameeyeen iska indha tiri uuraysatay. Intaa waxaa dheer, wuxuu ahaa nin aad u caqli lahu ixtiraamo ee wareegyada tacliimeed, oo iyana waxay ahayd talo mid wax tar leh. VN Tenishev helay aqoonsi caalami ah sociologist waxbarasho iyo ethnographer, author of waraaqaha sayniska. Laakiin in Russia, ayuu hoos surveillance qarsoodi ah by maamulka, taas oo welwel views xoriyadda uu, sidoo kale mucaaradka in ay siyaasadda gobolka, kaasoo uu kula mararka qaarkood la wadaago ee goobada cidhiidhi ah ee horumar ahaa. Dhanka kale, naagtiisa, waxba ku saabsan siyaasadda ogaa, dareemay in ay loo baahan yahay in la horumariyo oo talanti oo ah dadka ku jira baxsan hab ay si loo horumariyo iyo laftiisa sheegi dunida. Gurigeedu waxaa si joogto ah u socday inay masaakiinta fanaaniinta, jilayaasha iyo nimankii gabayaaga ahaa, hadal, dadka farshaxanka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kan madaxda cun oo dhan, oo uu u dulqaadan kari waayeen daliilka "Bohemian", ma uusan jeclaan qadiimiga, iyo ma uu ogayn sida in ay lacag ku bixiyaan iibka ah ee alaabta tahay ururinta shakhsi. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jiray wax la midoobin, kuwaas oo laba qof oo kala duwan sida - jacayl ah oo music iyo aragti. Tenishev dhammaataan waxaan ciyaaray halaabaan iyo ahaa saaxiibada la fannaaniin caan ah oo badan.

Aqoon Tchaikovsky

In 1892, in Vyacheslav Konstantinovich, Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna mahad kulmay Tchaikovsky weyn. Marka ay guriga on des marinta Somali ku degtay Petersburg laba princely diyaarin fiidkii ah oo lagu sharfayo laxamiistaha ugu, iyo amiirad nafteeda go'aansadeen in ay qabtaan romances Tchaikovsky ee isaga u. muusikiiste weyn in uu ku faraxsan iyada la, hees, iyo iyada oo loola cararay si ay u wehliyaan. Evening faa'iido lama filaan ah oo wanaagsan, iyo laxamiistaha ugu ma doonayaan in ay ka baxaan, waxaa xitaa goor dambe, waayo, tababarasho ah Opera "Iolanta" ah.

Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna: Talashkino, Isbadal

czetwertyński qoyska Catherine ahaa milkiilaha xaafadda. Waxay ku heshiiyeen in ay si farxad leh u iibiyaan si ay ninkeeda in iyada saaxiib, Prince Tenishevo, iyo in, markeeda, dhigay naagtii hadiyad boqoradnimadeedii xafladda dhalashada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Kitty helay ogolaansho in la kiraysto u ah nolosha iyo joogay xaafadda. Laga soo bilaabo maalintaas Talashkino bedelay ka baxsan aqoonsiga. Halkan hawlaha haweenka aasaasay wax soo saarka saliidda riixaya, kaas oo keenaya qalabka-dhamaadka sare ka dibadda. Markan, amiirad muujiso naftooda iyo kuwa kale oo aan noqon kartaa Bohemian ah, hal abuur leh iyo jaceyl, laakiin sidoo kale ganacsade weyn oo kaliya in ay. All alaabooyinka yihiin laga keeno warshadaha ee labadii taaj Ruush - Moscow iyo St. Petersburg, iyo sidoo kale in Paris. Qiyaastii estate dhismaha grand bilaabmaa. Balaaran dhisay aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo ah, dhagax wax uumi ah, iaydoo xoolaha, siminaaro kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan dayactirka qalabka beeraha. Imaanshaha shaqada shaqaalaha Talashkino bilaabaan si ay u dhisaan guryahooda iyaga u gaar ah. wakhtiga oo dhan ka Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna qaatay guryaha, ayay u keeneen inuu nafsaddiisa ka gaari Paris iyo alaabtiisii oo ka eryay oo ku saabsan. Markaas halkan ka Khotyleva diinta xeryaha, kaas oo ka kooban 50 fardaha. Waayo, fardaha biyo waa la fuliyay biyo kulul. Oo breeders loo yeedhay ka England. Later, oo u dhow beeraha iyo rakuubbo dhisay garoon waayo, tartanka fardaha iyo qolladaheeda.

ballaarinta tirada

Tenisheva Mariya Klavdievna, kuwaas oo qoyska oo kaliya mararka qaarkood socday Talashkino, ayaa helay shaqo cusub. Waxay bilaabeen iibsashada tuulooyinka iyo beeraha ku dhow. dugsiyada aasaasay, dhisay hostel ah. Soon School ee Flenovo bilaabay inuu hadlo degmada oo dhan. Muddo markii la joogaba ayay hoos Petersburg. Halkan, in gurigooda, ayay asaasay dugsiga sawir. Waxaan halkaan u nimid in ay bartaan, dadka dhalinyarada ah hibo oo doonaya in ay galaan Academy of Fine Arts. Ka mid ah ardayda waxay ahaayeen M. Dobuzhinsky, Bilibin I. Ya., Z. Serebryakov S. V. Chehonin ina Repina Yury, A. Pogossky, M. Chambers, al School Bilibin et. Codsi ka yimid amiirad ku waddaa Ilya Repin.

-galkani

saaxiibada Iskusstovedy, kii ay patronized hore ee mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed oo sheegtay kii ay kor u dhuftay saaxiibtinimo, wuxuu bilaabay inuu quduus shaqadeeda. Sayidka, laxamiistaha A. ku S. Arensky qoray qoraalo for hindiga "Lily ee Valley ee", iyo ereyo iyaga ka kooban P. I. Chaykovsky. Farshaxankii Aleksandr Benua waxay bixisaa adeegyada ay u amiirad ee habaynta Tenishev ururinta ee sawirada iyo laabkood ah. Waxa uu sidoo kale barbaro badan oo sawiro la views estate Talashkino. 1896 wuxuu ahaa gaarka ah ee qoyska Tenishevs. At bandhiga All-Ruush ka mid warshad Bryansk iyo dugsiga sare ee xirfadaha Bezhitskaya leedahay ee Prince iyo Princess. Waxay la siiyay ugu sareeya ee mahadnaq reer boqor.

Mar kale, Paris

Macna ma laha inta Maria Klavdievna ma jeclaan Russia, si kastaba ha ahaatee, Paris si hufan ahaa magaalada halkaas oo ay dareemeen ugu raaxo. Oo haatan, ka dib markii muddo dheer, waxa uu ku soo laabtay magaalada uu jecel yahay. Halkan mar kale uu jiidayo on waxbarashada iyo waxay gashay Julien Academy ah. In fasalka B. ah Constant sii waxbarashada uu rinjiyeynta iyo sawir. Halkan ayay la kulmay L. Bakst, oo cidhiidhi, iyo waxay ka caawisaa isaga. Waxaa intaas dheer, ayay soo iibsataa ugu shaqada graphic of farshaxanka. Oo weliba in yaynana kolna farax kacaan Ruushka, iyo dugsiga sawir iyada bilaabaan inay ka shakisan tahay in ururka ee isugu kala duwan. Taas darteed iyada oo agaasimaha dugsiga, Repin dhexeeya, colaadda soo baxday, si kastaba ha ahaatee, Repin, ma doonaya in ay lumiyaan dugsiga, la hadlaya arrintan maamulka. Isla sanadkaas, dugsi kale sawir furan Smolensk. Fikradu for studio hal abuur leh waa guriga E .K. Czetwertyński qoyska, iyo madaxa waxaa soo magacaabo mid ka mid ah xerta ahaa ee Repin A. Sigaarka.

Collectables Exhibition

1897 ee St. Petersburg furay bandhiga halkaas oo martida maxkamadda muujiyey laabkood ah iyo sawiro laga soo ururinta Marii Tenishevoy. About hadal oo ka mid ah aqoonyahanada dalka St. Petersburg. Oo maamuusaan ay fiiro Tretyakov qudhiisa. Waxay bixisaa amiirad ku soo furatay a sawirada yar, iyaduse dooni, sharraxaad ka diidan diidmada in ay lumiyaan daacadnimada ururinta. By habka, in dhamaadka, waxa ay bixisaa a collection of Museum Ruush ah, kaas oo uu ugu dhakhsaha badan u soo muuqan doontaa. Laakiin waxay sheegtay in ay kaliya qaadan karto sawiro farshaxan Ruush. Isla mar ahaantaana, Prince VN Tenishev helo ballan dowladda sida-Taliyaha Guud oo ah madaxa waaxda Ruush ee Exhibition aduunka ee Paris. Iyo xaaskiisa, wada jir ah ula sokoeye iyo madaxa Hobollada Qaranka ee ballet St Petersburg ee Sergeem Dyagilevym - Finland, ururka of bandhig farshaxan si wadajir ah.

Joornaalka "World of Art"

Bilowga ee qarnigii 20, Maria Tenisheva iyo Sergey Mamontov abuuro magazine dhaqanka cusub - "The World of Art". Waa in muddo this waa sawirka ee Princess ah, qoraal ah by Serov iyo kaydiyaa Museum Smolensk ah. Intii lagu guda jiray shaqada on magazine ayay la kulmay sawir aad u wanaagsan oo uu waqti I.Borschevskim. Oo waxay bilaabayaan inay fuulaan magaalooyinka Ruush qadiimiga ah iyo sawiro of jiidashada maxaliga ah ee majaladda.

dhaldhalaalka tahay

muddo ka dib abuurka magazine ka dib, ay ku noqoto iyada hamiday jir - tahay dhaldhalaalka iyo abuurayaa dugsi farshaxanka gaar ah Smolensk. Masters ka qayb it in uu bilaabay in uu soo kaniisad dhisay kharashka qoyska Tenishevs. Warshadda leben la dhisay, waayo, sidoo kale.

hawlo dheeraad ah

In ka badan dhowrkii sano ee soo socda waxaa lagu sameeyey dad badan oo Tenisheva ee horumarka ah ee dhaqanka Ruush, oo dhan waa xad-dhaaf ah. bandhigyo furay, matxafyada, riwaayada la siiyey, iyo wax ka badan. In Moscow dukaanka "Spring" waxaa la abuuray, taas oo iibin alaabta soo saaray in workshops Talashkino. Golaha Tenisheva in Talashkino had iyo jeer ay ka buuxaan dadka caanka ah. Halkan yimaado xitaa isaga laftiisa Sergei Diaghilev. Sida natiijo ah oo 1905 kacaanka dukaamo Talashkino way xiran yihiin, amiirad mar dambe maal ah "World of Art" magazine waa, oo wuxuu, sidoo kale, waxaa la xiray. Maria Klavdievna, isagoo ururinta qaali ah, u diray inay Paris iyo abaabulay bandhig. Nolosha caasimada Faransiiska, waxa ay sii wadaan in ay galaan tahay dhaldhalaalka. In 1907, uu si Russia ku soo laabtay, ayay u barto in ay la gudoonsiiyey horyaalka ee muwaadin sharafeedka Smolensk. In 1912 Tenishev Museum lagu sharfay by booqasho in ay ka Emperor of All Russia Nicholas II.

Adduunka ugu horeysay

In 1914, iyadoo bilowgii dagaalka, furay isbitaalka ciidamada Smolensk. Maria Klvdievna ma sii joogi kartaa la taag daran, oo iyana way ka shaqeeya waxa ku jira, oo waxay u adeegtaa sida gaari gaadiid ay ku dhaawacmeen. Nicholas II waa la socda si ay isbitaalka si ay u soo salaamayaan iyo Abaal marin askari. Emperor amaanay wadaninimo Princess iyo iyada mahadceliyay iyada adeegga hooyo. In 1915-1916. Tenisheva uu ka shaqeeyo uu sha iyo ay difaacaan. The habab October Kacaanka. hiddaha nololeed ee dalka laga fariisiyo iyo Tenisheva kulma niyad-jabka daran. Markaasaa October, oo waxay soo dhawaaday koox dad ah u lahaa in ay si koonfureed ee dalka, halkaas oo ay u gudbeen in France, halkaasi oo ay ku noolayd ilaa 1928 carari.

epilogue

In guriga yar iyada oo raaxo leh waxay bilaabeen in ay soo booqdaan dad badan oo ka mid ah fanaaniinta caanka ah. Muddadan, waxay bilowday in ay ka shaqeeyaan in uu buugga, taas oo lagu sheegay bilowga ah ee qodobkan. Princess Tenisheva ku dhintay 1928 dibedda, laakiin magaalada uu ugu jecel yahay. Waxay mar dambe arkay uu la jecel yahay Hooyo Russia. guriga PSG yeedhay Talashkino yar.