Konstantin Makovsky: nolosha iyo shaqada farshaxanka. Konstantin Makovsky: sawir fiican, Biography

Biography of artist Makovskogo Konstantina maanta Tirraa by walaalkiis qudbad Vladimir - yaqaan wakiil ah Wanderers ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Constantine ayaa ka tagay ay calaamaddu ku farshaxanka isagoo halis ah, rinjiile ka madax banaan.

qoyska Makovsky

Magac Makovsky waxaa si fiican u yaqaan in farshaxanka Ruush. Aabaha Yegor Ivanovich Makovsky ahaa farshaxanka caanka ah ee Moscow, Ranjiile hiwaayadda. Waxa uu abaabulay ah "ee dugsi-buuxa 'ee fannaaniinta noqdaan ogaan lahaa sida School Moscow ee Rinjiyeynta.

ruuxa hal abuur qoyska ayaa had iyo jeer waxaa boqor ma aha la yaab leh in dhammaan saddexda carruurta Yegor Ivanovich noqday Ranjiilayaasha. guriga ayaa inta badan soo booqday aabbihiis saaxiibo - Ranjiilayaasha Karl Bryullov iyo Vasily Tropinin, halkan kulmi noqon kartaa iyo qoraa Gogol, actor Shchepkin, Glinka laxamiistaha. qoyska waxaa si joogto ah loo qabanqaabiyaa habeenada suugaanta iyo muusikada, doodaha ku saabsan tahay ahaayeen. Waxaas oo dhan saamayn ku formation of carruurta. Adult Konstantin Makovsky ayaa sheegay in uu guul ku rinjiyeynta, waxa uu waajib keliya inuu aabbihiis, kan kara inuu saldhigto jacaylkiisa ineradicable farshaxanka.

qoyska wuxuu lahaa saddex carruur ah: ahaa curadkii Constantine, gabadhii Alexander iyo yaraa - Vladimir. Wealth in qoyska uu ahaa kuwa is-hoosaysiiya, laakiin waxaa boqor ka ruuxa tahay si buuxda u magdhawo ku haboonayn oo dhan.

Constantine ee carruurnimada

Tan iyo carruurnimada, Konstantin Makovsky waxaa Hawiyaha tahay, dhab ahaantii, ma uu ogayn nolol kale oo kasta, oo uu ku Qaddarray in ay doortaan jidkaa ee artist ee. Dhammaan carruurta ee qoyska goor hore bilaabay inaan ka dhaansado.

Kostya, sida ilmaha ugu horreeya ee qoyska, wuxuu bilaabay by leh in uu ku dhow yahay inuu aabbihiis iyo saaxiibbadiis, marka ay ka wada hadleen ah farshaxankiisa iyo qorshayaasha, Dakatu iyo farshaxankiisa tusay. All this sameeyay aragtida bilicsanaanta iyo danaha wiilka.

Helitaanka farsamada

In 1851, Konstantin Makovsky galo dugsiga aabbihiis ee rinjiyeynta, farshaxan iyo naqshadaha. hagayaal uu halkaas joogay - V. Tropinin, M. Scott, S. Zaryanko, A Mokritsky. Halkan, in toddobadii sannadood oo wiilka sameeyay artist la isaga u gaar ah, view asalka ah ee dunida oo isaga baray waxyaabaha aasaasiga ah ee farshaxanka sawiro ah.

In dugsiga wuxuu ahaa ardayga ugu horeysay ay heshay oo dhan abaalmarinta suurto gal. In 1858 Konstantin galeen Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg - hay'adda ugu fiican waxbarashada berrinkii tahay in Empire Ruush ah. Inta lagu guda jiro waxbarashada, oo uu si joogto ah u soo bandhigay inuu shaqo at bandhiga sanadlaha ah ee Academy ah, iyo xataa heshay bilad dahab ah oo ay shuqulkiisa u sameeyaan "The wakiilada Dmitri firin dilaan ina Borisa Godunova."

In 1862 Makovsky bilowday raadinaya sida farshaxanka, sida academicism u muuqatay caajis iyo dhacsan.

Way inay tahay

Konstantin Makovsky (sawiro, Biography of farshaxanka waxaa lagu soo bandhigay in this article) ayaa eegaya in uu style, waxa uu doonayaa in uu muujiyo in uu dunida hoose. In 1863 wuxuu, oo ay weheliyaan saddex iyo toban fannaaniin kale oo la xulay in ay ka qaybgalaan tartanka Gold Grand biladda ah Academy of Arts, diido inuu rinjiga on, utverzhdennnuyu tacliinta.

Oo wuxuu lahaa inuu ka tago dugsiga, iyo Makovsky oo aan heli karin shahaadada waxbarashada. Dhacdadani waxa ay noqday kuwa loo yaqaan "fallaago ah oo afar iyo toban". Dibad ahaa xaqiiqada ah in fannaaniinta ku doonayay xoriyad ay ku qoraan iyo shaqeeyaan theme xor ah, laakiin Academy ee ma doonayaan in ay u baxaan inay la kulmaan iyagii. Dhab ahaantii, waxa uu ahaa fallaago ah oo ka dhan ah Biro Naar ah academicism oo waa calaamad ka mid ah dugsiyada soo baxaya cusub ee xaqiiqo, taas oo Konstantin Makovsky ciyaari doono door weyn.

In 1863, artist ah oo ku biiray kooxda I. Qadiimiga oo ka shaqeeya in nooca soo baxaya ee rinjiyeynta ku sifayn. In 1870 Makovsky noqday mid ka mid ah fikrada iyo inspirers fikirka ah ee la abuurayo Association ee fannaaniinta safraya iyo shaqo badan, ku tilmaamay goobaha nolol maalmeedka.

Waxa uu soo bandhigay shaqo labada on bandhigyo tacliimeed, iyo in shirkadda la Wanderers ah. In 80-mada Makovsky ayaa noqonaya Wehbe qoraaga salon aad loo jecel yahay oo farshaxankiisa ku saabsan maadooyinka taariikhiga ah. In 1889 wuxuu helay bilad dahab ah carwada fanka ah ee Paris for taxane ah oo shuqullada.

burush wax Makovsky ahaayeen goobaha taariikhiga ah, nolosha dadka, nolosha. Waxa uu jacayl iyo kaladuwan sax qoray dharka iyo goob ka mid ah jilayaasha. In dabayaaqadii 80-mada artist waxaa sii kordheysa u jeestay maadooyinka taariikhi ah, ayuu qoray wargayska sawirka faahfaahsan oo dheeraad ah, tusaale ahaan, "iidda Boyarsky arooska qarnigii XVII ah", taas oo guulo weyn oo dadweynaha iyo dhaleecayn. Sidii ay u abuuray Wehbe badan oo dadka kala duwan.

Dhaxalka farshaxanka ee Konstantin Makovsky leeyahay qiyaastii boqol farshaxankiisa, kuwa badan oo iyaga ka mid ah waa kuwo waaweyn, Tacaddi dheer (maanta firidhsan yihiin in ururin gaar ahaaneed iyo madxafka oo adduunka oo dhan). Intaa waxaa dheer, wuxuu ka qaybgalay design ee Cathedral ee Masiix oo Badbaadiyeheenna ah ee Moscow.

ururiyaha

Konstantin Makovsky, kuwaas oo farshaxankiisa hadda waa shayga of dareenka of ururinayay lacagta, waxa uu ahaa ururiyaha weyn. hamiday waxa uu aabbihiis, oo jeclaaday noocyo kala duwan oo walxaha farshaxanka iyo qadiimiga ka dhaxlay.

Fikradda ururinta la diyaariyey by artist ee erayadan: ". quruxsan jir ah" kaxaystay by maaddooyinka taariikhiga ah, wuxuu soo ururiyey maacuunta kala duwan iyo alaabta, dharka, iyo wax kasta oo soo jiitay in dhadhanka la safeeyey of farshaxanka.

Inta lagu guda jiro theme entrainment ridayeen, Makovsky ayaa u safray gobolka Ruush, gadashada alaabta guriga iyo dharka. Journey in Bariga Add to ururinta ka mid ah tiro badan oo ah waxyaabaha bariga qoyska, roogaga, dahabka iyo dharka. Sidaas darteed, sanad-aad 80 ka mid ah aqalka artist waxay ahayd sida matxaf badan guri aadanaha.

Walxaha ururinta waxaa inta badan u adeegay sidii aasaas u ah abuurka ah farshaxankiisa. Sidaas daraaddeed, ee "arooska Boyarsky qarnigii XVII ah", dhaleecayn la soco faahfaahinta daqiiqadii soo beegay iyadoo dharka taariikhiga ah iyo alaabta muddada. By bilowgii qarnigii XX. Makovsky ahaa mid ka mid ah kuwa aruuriya ugu weyn Russia ee, oo shuqulkiisuna wuxuu keentay fashion ee ururinta craze ka mid yaqaan Bohemians iyo bourgeoisie ah.

Konstantin Egorovich ahaa mid aad u sharfan ee uu ururinta, si farxad leh u muujisay, iyo waxyaalaha bandhigyo kala duwan siiyey. uu dhintay ka dib, waxaa la soo abaabulay xaraashka, taas oo ku riday 1100 alaabta, oo sababtay in carmalka ahaa badbaadiyey in ka badan nus milyan rubles, oo waxaas oo baxay inuu ururin ah oo ay shakhsiyaad iyo matxafyada. Laakiin, nasiib daro, daacadnimada shirka ayaa gudanin, iyo shaqo waqti-dheer Makovsky u tageen inay gogo '.

shaqada ugu fiican

Konstantin Makovsky, ugu fiican sawiro, Biography, taas oo weli si ay u noqdaan wax ku waxbarasho ee farshaxanka, mahadho weyn. Ka mid ah shuqulladiisa ugu caansan waa: "The Death Ivana Groznogo", "Ciidda Boyar Morozova", "Shuhadada Bulgarian", "Minin at Novgorod Nizhny Fair", ". Doorashada aroosadda ee Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich"

nolosha khaaska ah ee farshaxanka

Konstantin Makovsky safray badan, ku noolaa muddo ah in Paris, saddex booqashada Africa, oo waxaas oo dhan ku hodanaynta uu shaqada, halkaas oo aad ka heli kartaa muuqaalada modernismen ee curdinka. Waayo, mudnaanta farshaxanka Makovsky abaal Legion of Honor iyo St. Anne.

artist ayaa waxaa guursaday saddex jeer. Xaaskiisa marka hore u dhintay cudurka qaaxada, iyo tan labaad oo uu furay. All ninkaasu wuxuu lahaa sagaal carruur ah, kuwaas oo ay jiraan fanaaniin iyo shaqaalaha dhaqanka.

September 30 New Style 1915 bas reebtay qof - si ay waddadii, Konstantin Makovsky. The nolosha iyo shaqada artist ka hadhay ee taariikhda rinjiyeynta Ruush sida page muhiim ah oo noqday xaqiiqo.