Mosfet - waa maxay? Tilmaamo dhismayaasha iyo farsamada

In this article waxaad ku baran doontaa element this sida mosfet. Taasi waa, waxa guryaha, taas oo loo isticmaalayo in qalabka korontada oo casri ah, la hoos ku hadli doonaa. Waxaad ka heli kartaa laba nooc oo transistors awood - MOSFET iyo IGBT. Waxay waxaa loo isticmaalaa in converters awood sare pulsed - inverters, Koronto. Waxaa waa in ay tixgeliyaan oo dhan oo ka mid ah muuqaalada walxahaasi.

macluumaad aasaasi ah

Waa in la ogaadaa in IGBT iyo mosfet transistors awoodaa inuu ku siiyo awoodda aad u dheer si load ah. In kasta oo ah qalab this u muuqataa in ay aad u yar oo size. Karti ka badan transistors leeyihiin qiimaha of 95%. In mosfet iyo IGBT leeyihiin hal kawada siman yihiin - waxay leeyihiin shutters go'doonsan, cawaaqib - xiriira xuduudaheedu gacanta. Wehliyaha heerkulka xun ee qalabka u ogolaanaya transistors sida in ay adkaysi u yaraato. Si aad u taariikhda mosfety la qiimaha waqtiga dollar caadi soo saaray ku dhowaad dhammaan shirkadaha.

Drivers maaraynta

Tan iyo markii ay jiraan wax hadda soo wareegi jiray gacanta, in hab a ma guurto ah, aad uma isticmaali karo nidaamka caadiga ah. Waxa macno more si ay u isticmaalaan darawalka khaaska ah - wareeg ah dhafan. Shirkado badan sameeyo aaladaha in laguu ogolaado in aad si ay u maareeyaan transistors awood hal, iyo sidoo kale buundooyinka iyo nus-mile (saddex waji iyo laba-waji). Waxay samayn kartaa noocyo kala duwan oo hawlaha taageerada - si ay u difaacaan overcurrent ama gaaban-circuit, iyo sidoo kale hoos u danab badan oo soo wareegi jiray darawalka mosfet ah. Waa maxay nooca circuit looga hadli doonaa si faahfaahsan hoos ku. Waa in la ogaadaa in dhibic danab ee guud ahaan circuit awoodda gacanta ku transistor ah - taasi waa arrin aad u khatar ah. mosfety awood badan isbeddeli karaan in hab hawlgalka kale (toosan), sidaa darteed in gabi doono. Crystal transistor overheats oo ka gubtay baxay.

hab qalad

darawallada function gargaare Home - waa ilaalinta overcurrent. Waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay si dhow ula eegto transistor awood u leeyahay inuu ka shaqeeyo mid ka mid ah hababka ugu --circuit gaaban. Overcurrent yaabaa inay ku dhacaan sabab kasta, laakiin ugu badan ee - circuit of load ama jidhka ka mid ah. Sidaa darteed, waa in aad si sax ah loo fuliyo mosfetami maamulka.

Xammuul dhacaa sabab u tahay sifooyinka qaarkood Bannaanka. dhacdo suurtogalka ah ee transient ama dambe hadda soo kabashada of a garbaha transistor diode Semiconductor. Removal of dollar sida dhacdaa habka design circuit. silsilad isticmaalay sameynta Jidka (snubbers), fuliyay circuit xulashada resistor gacanta albaabkiina intii la karantiilo danab sare kana noogin hadda.

Sida transistor jirsado on marka qalad dhaco in Xamuulka

Marka Gaf dhacdaa load ah, hadda ka soo wareegi ururiyaha waxaa ku koobnayn danab a iridda, iyo sifooyinka transconductance of transistor ah. circuit sahayda The sidaas leeyahay awood gaar ah, sidaas darteed iska caabin ah gudaha isha laftiisa ma isticmaali karaan saamaynta ay ku-circuit gaaban hadda. Marka biiro dhacdaa, in awoodda transistor hadda si tartiib tartiib ah uu bilaabo inuu dhici sababtoo ah waxaa jira inductance dulinka soo wareegi ururinaysa. Dhab ahaantii Tani waa sababta in ay jirto maquufin danab a.

wanaagsan been ah

Ka dib markii guurka uu dhamaado, si transistor awoodda si buuxda loo codsatay danab. Tani waxay keeni doontaa in xaqiiqda ah in inta badan xoogga lagu ayuuna wixiisii doonaa crystal Semiconductor ah. Waxaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey karaa in hab-circuit gaaban waa hubaal inay kala gooyey muddo waqti go'an ka dib. Waa in aysan noqon oo ku filan in la baabi'iyo digniin been ah. Sida caadiga ah, wakhtiga waa in ay kala duwan 1 ... 10 microseconds. sifooyinka transistor waa in ay ahaadaan sida ay u adkeysan dollar si fudud.

Shuban-circuit gaaban marka transistor ah

Sidoo kale kiiska kor looga hadlay, hadda waxaa xadiday dabeecadaha transistor ah. Waxaa koraa at heerka wixii la goostay by inductance ah (dulinka). Ka hor inta this hadda gaadho qiimaha joogto ah-state joogto ah, danab ururiyaha wuxuu kordhin doonaa. danab iridda waxaa kor u kacay ay sabab u tahay saamaynta Miller ah.

hadda ee ururiyaha koror ah, oo ay si weyn u badan karto qiimo joogta-gobolka. Waa hab this waxaa la siiyaa ma aha oo kaliya in mosfet channel waa la demin doonaa, laakiin sidoo kale waa suurogal ah in ay xadka danab ku.

danab ayaa codsatay in iridda transistor waxay ku xiran tahay circuit hadda si toos ah u gaaban. Laakiin iyadoo hoos u dhac in danab iriddii element Semiconductor ah si caddaalad ah waa sawir oo xiiso leh. danab u damaysay waxaa kordhay iyo sida natiijo ah, khasaaraha tabinta waa sii korodhay. Stability of transistor-circuit gaaban ula xiriira steepness ee dabeecadihiisa.

QPR iyo factor hadda Faahfaahin

KU sare ee mosfetov hadda, hoose danab robab ah. sidoo kale waxay ka mid yihiin in ay u adkeysan dollar waqti gaaban awoodaan. Dhinaca kale, semiconductors, kuwaas oo dheeraad ah iska caabiya wareeggeedii gaaban leeyihiin danab a robab aad u sarreeya. Khasaaraha sidoo kale aad u muhiim ah.

weyn Qiimaha ugu badan ee circuit hadda gaaban ayaa mosfet horyaal badan transistor bipolar fudud. Caadi ahaan, waa toban jeer qiimaha magacaaban hadda (in danab iridda ayaa la oggol yahay). Inta badan farsameeya (Yurub iyo Asian) saartaa transistors u adkeysan kara xamuulka sida, oo aan waxyeelo.

darawalka ka dollar-dhinaca sare loo ilaaliyo

Waxaa jira habab kala duwan oo xubno safarka dollar. Iyada oo taageero ka darawalada ka saarayaasha kala duwan hirgelin karaan wax kasta oo hawlaha difaaca, sida ugu hufan. Haddii dollar ah oo loo baahan yahay si loo yareeyo danab iridda. Xaaladdan oo kale, aqoonsiga oo ka mid ah xaaladaha degdegga ah markii qalliin kordhay.

Tani waxa ay keentey in la baabi'iyo been keenaysay wareeggeedii ilaalinta. Halkan sida ay u hubiso mosfet: isku day inaad bedesho capacitance ee capacitor ah. Haddii aad bedesho waqti jawaabta si circuit gaaban, circuit oo dhan waxaa si fiican u shaqeeyo. circuit wuxuu isticmaalaa dhowr cunsur in ay leeyihiin masuuliyada qaarkood. Tusaale ahaan, ay weheliso in darawalka, "qalda" kuu ogolaanayaa inaad si loo ogaado falanqaynta waqti-capacitor dollar ah.

hawlgalka degdegga ah

bareeg waqtiga Tan waxaa wareegeen Beddelashada joogto ah ee hadda ka jirta circuit ururinaysa. Tani waxay ku siinaysaa dhibic danab on iridda element Semiconductor ah. Haddii ay sidaa tahay, haddii ay jirto joojinta ma dollar ah, transistor la bakhtiiyey ka dib markii 10 Ms. Ilaalinta naafo yahay ka dib markii laga saari doonaa signal la gelin ah. Iyada oo ay taasi circuit ilaalinta keebka sameeyey.

Marka waxaa laga codsadaa, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay bixiyaan si ay dhererka waqtiga kaas oo transistor mosfet reclosing dareenka. Waa maxay nooca bedesheen on iyo waxa ay tahay sifooyinka? Ogsoonow in waqtigan waa ka weyn yahay si joogto ah kaamerada wakhti (waqti) ee chip Semiconductor on taas oo transistor la soo saaray ee.

Qasaaraha Bannaanka

In Bannaanka resistors waxaa loo isticmaalaa in ay leeyihiin awoodda sare, laakiin waxay leeyihiin inductance aad u dheer (dulinka, ay sabab u tahay isticmaalka qalabka qaarkood iyo farsamooyinka). Oo hawlaha kaamil ah qorsheyaasha waa lagama maarmaan in weelka ayaa ku dhow inay eber. Resistors loo isticmaalaa lagu qiyaaso garaaca wadnaha hadda waa in ay buuxiyaan xaaladda ku xusan. On top of resistors waxaa laga badiyay xoog weyn. Oo waxay saamayn ku oolnimada of circuit darawal-dhinac sare oo dhan.

Laakiin waxaa jira wareeggeedii bedesheen, taas oo loo yareeyo awoodda khasaaro. danab u damaysay kiis kasta waxay ku xiran tahay ururiyaha hadda. Mosfet (la, kala hadlay in maqaalka) ayaa muujinaya xiriir this, waxaa la odhan karaa toosan ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in ka godka transistor hadda ma waxay ku xidhan yihiin iska caabin channel (firfircoon). Laakiin transistors IGBT awood badan xiriirka tani ma aha toosan, laakiin waxaad si fudud u dooran kartaa danab u dhigma ilaalinta loo baahan yahay hadda.

Saddex-waji darawalka buundada

Qorsheyaasha sida codsatay in ay resistor lagu qiyaaso qiimaha hadda. ilaalinta hadda waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa iyadoo adeegsanayo qaybiye danab a. caan baahsan helay IR2130 darawalka, kuwaas oo bixiya hawlgal circuit deggan at voltages ilaa 600 volts. circuit waxaa ka mid ah transistor nooca saamayn beer kuwaas oo godka la furay (u adeegto si ay u muujiyaan joogitaanka unu). Mosfet dhajinta on board habka funnaano adag in karantiimada tayo sababahani dartood. Waxaa ka mid ah kordhiyo ah oo abuuraa tixraaca iyo ra'yi ah calaamadaha qaarkood. Iyada oo wadaha waxaa la aasaasay by waqtiga dib u dhac u dhexeeya transistors Beddelashada ee garbaha hoose iyo tan sareba ah si looga hortago dhacdo of a iyada oo hadda.

Guud ahaan, waxay ku xiran tahay waqtiga-habeynta of 0.2 Ms ... 2. Darawalka IR2130 waxaa loo isticmaalaa si ay u hirgeliyaan nidaamka ilaalinta, waxaa jira shaqo lahayn in la xadido qiimaha ugu badan ee danab iridda waqtiga circuit gaaban. Inta lagu jiro marxaladda horumarinta wareeggeedii gacanta Waa in la xusuusnaado in xiritaanka ee buundada dhacdaa ka dib markii 1 Ms ka dib bilowgii circuit gaaban. Sidaas awgeed, hadda (gaar ahaan joogitaanka load firfircoon) waa ka weyn yahay qiimaha la xisaabinayaa. Si aad dib hab ilaalinta iyo soo laabto shaqada, waa in uu soo saaro awoodda off dareewalka ama xereynta ee ay danab gashiga ku furid.

-Dhinac Low wadayaasha

Si loo soo saaro transistors gacanta mosfet gacanta hoose, waxaa jira shirkado chip oo tayo sare leh Motorola ah, tusaale ahaan, MS33153. darawalka Tani waa gaar ah, maadaama ay si guul loo isticmaali karaa laba nooc oo ilaalin (danab iyo hadda). Sidoo kale waxaa jira feature a kala labada hababka - dollar iyo circuit gaaban. Waxaa suurto gal ah si ay ugu deeqdo danab a (control negative). Tani waa faa'iido badan ee kiisaska waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la sameeyo modules gacanta oo leh awood sare oo lacag iridda ku filan sare. hab difaaca IGBT naafo yahay (tani waa analogues dhow mosfetov) ka dib markii danab korontada hoos ku dhacaa 11 volts.