Synapses Cholinergic: Qaabkadhismeedka, function

synapses Cholinergic waa meel taas oo ay jirto xiriir ka dhexeeya laba neurons ama unugyada neuronal iyo signal aqbaliddoodii effector. synapse wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba xuubka - presynaptic iyo postsynaptic, iyo sidoo kale ka dillaacii synaptic. Gudbinta ee falalkooda dareemayaasha waxaa lagu fuliyaa by yahay dhexdhexaadiye, i.e. walax gudbiye ah. Tani waxay dhacdaa by dhexgalka oo ka mid ah receptor iyo neurotransmitter on xuub postsynaptic. Tani waa shaqo ugu weyn ee synapses cholinergic.

The dhexaadiye iyo receptors

The neurotransmitter parasympathetic NA waa receptors acetylcholine - labada nooc ee receptors cholinergic: H (nicotine) iyo M (muscarine). M-cholinomimetics isagoo nooc ka mid ah si toos ah tallaabo kicin laga yaabaa in receptors in nooca xuub postsynaptic.

Avv acetylcholine waa la fuliyay in cytoplasm ee dhammaato neuronal cholinergic. Waxaa la soo sameeyey choline iyo atsetilkoenzima-A, taas oo uu leeyahay asalka ah mitochondrial. Avv dhacdaa hoos tallaabada of choline ku enzyme cytoplasmic. The kiishka synaptic dhacdaa dhigaalka acetylcholine. In kasta oo ay goobooyinka kuwaas oo kor laga yaabaa in ay dhowr kun oo u taagoo of acetylcholine. Suu dareemaha dareen la sii daayo acetylcholine ee u taagoo dillaacii synaptic. Intaas ka dib, waxaa galaa dhexgalka receptors acetylcholine. Dhismaha cholinergic ku synapse gaar ah.

Qaab-dhismeedka

Sida laga soo xigtay xogta, taas oo diyaar u ah Kimisteriga yaqaan, receptor acetylcholine synapse muruqyada ka mid noqon kara shan subunits protein in hareerayn channel ra'iyi iyo kordhiyo iyada oo dhumucdiisuna oo dhan xuub kooban la egyahay ah. Labada nin ee u taagoo acetylcholine ula falgalaan labo ka mid ah α-subunits. Tani waxay keenaysaa in xaqiiqda ah in laga furay channel ra'iyi iyo xuub postsynaptic waxaa depolarized.

Noocyada synapses cholinergic

receptors Cholinergic yihiin kooban siyaabo kala duwan oo isku mid siyaabo badan oo xasaasi u ah saamaynta wakiilada pharmacological. Iyadoo la tixraacayo kala soocin this:

• Maskarinochuvstvitelnye receptors cholinergic - waxa loogu yeero receptors M-cholinergic. Waa tiro muscarine soo jireenka ah likaha sun dhimirka, Amanita tusaale ahaan.
• Nikotinochuvstvitelnye holinoretseptora - waxa loogu yeero receptors H-cholinergic. Nicotine waa dhimirka ah oo laga helay caleemaha tubaakada.

meesha ay ku yaalaan

Kii u horreeyey ayaa ku yaalla xuub gacanta postsynaptic ka kooban xubnaha effector. Waxay ku yaalaan ee dhammaato macdantaa parasympathetic postganglionic. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay sidoo kale leedahay in unugyada neural, ganglia autonomic iyo kiliyaha cerebral. Waxa la ogaaday in receptors M-cholinergic ee deegaamaynta kala duwan yihiin Nuurre Aw, taas oo horseedaysa in ay dareen ka duwan inay maal ee synapses cholinergic nooca pharmacological.

Noocyada ku xiran tahay meesha uu

Kimisteriga jira dhawr nooc oo receptors M-cholinergic:

• Waxay ku taallaa in ganglia autonomic iyo habka dhexe ee neerfayaasha. feature A hore waa in ay ku yaalaan meel ka baxsan synapses - receptors M1-cholinergic.
• Ku yaalaa wadnaha. Qaar ka mid ah loo yareeyo sii daayo acetylcholine - receptors m2-cholinergic.
• Waxay ku taallaa in muruqa siman, oo inta badan ku dhaca qanjidhada hormoonada jidhka ah - ee receptors m3-cholinergic.
• Ku yaalaa wadnaha, derbiyadiisa oo ka mid ah Alfiyoli pulmonary, in habdhiska - receptors M4-cholinergic.
• Meeleeyay yimaada habdhiska dhimirka, ee iris ee isha, qanjidhada dhareerka, in unugyada dhiigga mononuclear - receptors M5-cholinergic.

Saamaynta ku receptors cholinergic

Inta badan dhibaatooyinka soo bixiya walxaha pharmacological yaqaan saameysey receptors M-cholinergic, ay sabab u tahay is dhexgalka oo ka mid ah walxaha iyo postsynaptic m2 iyo m3 receptors cholinergic.

Tixgeli qoondaynta lacagaha in kicin synapses cholinergic hoos.

receptors H-cholinergic ku yaalla xuub ah neurons postsynaptic in dhammaato ganglia of kasta fiiloyin preganglionic (in ganglia parasympathetic iyo waji furnaan leh), degaanka ee sanka artery, ee medulla adrenal, in neurohypophysis, unugyada Renshaw in murqaha lafaha. dareen ah ee receptors H-cholinergic kala duwan kala duwan for walxaha. Tusaale ahaan, receptors H-cholinergic in dhismeedka ganglia autonomic (receptors nooca dhexdhexaad) ayaa farqi weyn oo ka receptors H-cholinergic in murqaha lafaha (receptors nooca-muruqa). Waa habkaani u ogolaanaya inay eegista xannibi walxaha gaar ah ganglia. Tusaale ahaan, kurarepodnye walax awood u xanibeen isu gudbinta muruqyada.

receptors cholinergic presynaptic iyo adrenoreceptors ay ku lug leeyihiin nidaamka qaanuunka ee saamaxaaddu acetylcholine at nooca neuroeffector synapse ah. Kicinta ee receptors kuwaas oo la xakameeyo lahaa la sii daayo acetylcholine.

Acetylcholine sameynayso la receptors H-acetylcholine oo bedeli ay conformation, waxay kordhisaa heerka permeability of xuub postsynaptic. Acetylcholine leedahay saamayn kobcinaya on udhigo sodium, taas oo ka dibna dhex gelin galay gacanta, iyo waxay keenaysaa in xaqiiqda ah in xuub postsynaptic waxaa depolarized. Markii hore jira suurtagal ah degaanka synaptic gaadho qiimaha gaar ah, oo uu bilaabo geedi socodka ee guud ahaan iman kara talaabada. Ka dib markii in, farax maxalliga ah, taas oo ku eg tahay meesha synaptic bilaabaa in uu ku faafay guud ahaan xuub gacanta. Haddii ay jirto kicinta ee receptor M-choline, doorka weyn ka ciyaaray by wargeeyayaal labaad iyo G-borotiinka ee la isugu gudbiyo signal ah.

Acetylcholine dhaqmo in wakhti aad u yar. Tan waxa u sabab xaqiiqda ah in uu si degdeg ah waxaa hydrolyzed by acetylcholinesterase eulayska. Choline, kaas oo la sameeyay inta lagu guda jiro hydrolysis ee acetylcholine mugga nus ka mid ah terminal presynaptic waxaa qabsaday iyo gaadiid si cytoplasm ee biosynthesis xiga ee acetylcholine.

Maadadaha dhaqmaan on the synapses cholinergic

Pharmacological iyo noocyo kala duwan oo kimiko saamayn ku yeelan karaan tiro ka mid ah hababka in xiriirka la leh gudbinta synaptic:

• Hab-ereygu acetylcholine.
• Hab-sii daayo dhexdhexaadiye. Tusaale ahaan, carbacholine awood u hagaajinta habka loo sii daayo acetylcholine, sun botulinum ah la xakameeyo laga yaabaa in habka loo sii daayo neurotransmitter.
• Geedi socodka xiriirka ka dhexeeya acetylcholine iyo receptor choline.
• Hydrolysis dabiiciga ah acetylcholine enzymatic.
• Qabsashada of choline, aasaaseen hydrolysis ee terminal presynaptic acetylcholine. Tusaale ahaan, la xakameeyo kartaa gemiholiny of qabashada neuron iyo gaadiidka ee choline galay cytoplasm gacanta.

kala soocidda

Macnaheedu waa madadaalo ah synapses cholinergic, ku siin kara ma aha oo kaliya saamaynta, laakiin saamayn anticholinergic ah (diiqadoodo). Sida saldhig u qoondaynta ee walxaha sida Kimisteriga isticmaalaan jihada of tallaabo oo ka mid ah xeryahooda on receptors cholinergic kala duwan. Haddii u hoggaansamaan mabda'a noocan oo kale ah, waxyaabaha saameeya ee receptors cholinergic loo kala saari karaa sida soo socota:

• Muqaadaraadka oo saameyn ku leh receptors M-cholinergic iyo receptors N-cholinergic: holinomimetikami waa acetylcholine iyo carbacholine iyo in holinoblokatoram - tsiklodol.
• dabeecadda anticholinesterase ka dhigan tahay. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah salicylate, physostigmine, Neostigmine, hydrobromide galantamine, Armin.
• Muqaadaraadka oo saamayn ku synapses cholinergic. By cholinomimetics ka mid ah hydrochloride pilocarpine iyo aceclidine in holinoblokatoram - atropine sulfate, matatsin, platifillina tartrate, bromide ipratropium, hydrobromide skopalamina.

• Muqaadaraadka la vlinyanie receptors H-cholinergic. By holinomimetikami waa tsititon iyo lobeline hydrochloride. blockers H receptor acetylcholine nicotinic waxa loo qaybin karaa laba kooxood. Midkii kowaad wuxuu u - a waxaa loola jeedaa qof ganglioblokiruyuschimi. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid benzogeksony, gigrony, pentamin, arfonad, pyrylium. Kooxda labaadna vkulyuchaet walax Curariform. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid dabcineyso muruqa, bixinta tallaabo durugsan sida chloride tubocurarine, bromide pancuronium, pipekuroniya bromide.

Waxaan baaritaan faahfaahsan aaladahooda wax saameeya synapses cholinergic.