Levin Kurt: Biography, photos, guulaha, tijaabo. Aragti field of kooban Kurt Lewin

Kurt Lewin - nafsiga, sheeko nolol iyo guulaha oo mudan fiiro gaar ah. Tani waa nin naftiisii la gelin wax si ay u sameeyaan dunida yar carruurta ah, si ay sharciyaynta xiriirka in kacayaan kooxaha bulshada kala duwan. Waxa uu ahaa bani run ah.

Kurt Lewin: Biography

nafsiga Future ku dhashay September 2, 1890 in Mogilno, kaas oo uu ku yaal soohdinta reer gobolka Prussian of Posen (hadda dhul ah Poland). Waqtiga dhalashada, wiil la odhan jiray Tsadek. Laakiin magacan in Prussia ma sidoo Tanina. Sababtan awgeed, wiilka la siiyey magaca labaad - Kurt.

Ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa ayaa si dhib leh rajeyn karto mustaqbal ku faraxsan gobolka fog. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1905 qoyskiisa ka baxay magaalada hooyo iyo u dhaqaaqay Berlin. Kurt galay Kulliyadda Caafimaadka ee Jaamacadda Freiburg, ka qeyb galay muxaadarooyin bayoolaji ee Jaamacadda Munich.

hawlaha sayniska

Iyada oo ka dillaacay ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, Lewin soo shaqeeyay ciidanka ka Jarmal. Waxaa uu sameeyey uu helay ugu horeysay. Seynisyahanno Future ayaa lagu ogaaday in aragtida aadanaha ee dunida waa gebi ahaanba ku tiirsan tahay kooxda iyo deegaanka, oo waxaa la xiriira. Sidaas darteed, cilmi-by tusaale ahaan ogahay in askartii waxaa loo tixgeliyaa god hoy ku haboon wasakh ah, iyo cawska ah xitaa kaco - territory dhimashada. Sayidka, Levin ahaa si ay u caddeeyaan in aragtida ah askartii adduunyo ee dhaw waa ka fikirka dadka nabadda kala duwan awoodaan. Waxaa intaa dheer, isbeddel ah ee miyir ka dhacaan dhammaan xubnaha bulshada.

Helay inta adeegaya ku dhaawacmeen Levin Kurt waxaa ka dhigista, kaas oo isaga dhalisay in aan kasii shaqeyna uu ra'yigaa ee Jaamacadda Berlin.

Levin hore nuugo in cilmi nafsiga dabeecadda. Laakiin muddo ka dib, qaar ka mid ah cilmi-beddeshay jihada dhinaca cilmi nafsiga Gestalt ah. Tani waxay siisay fursad ay ku wakiillo sida ee dugsiga, sida Maks Vertgeymer iyo Wolfgang Köhler shaqeeyaan.

In 1933, Levin Kurt soo diray inuu England, halkaas oo ugu dhakhsaha badan u soo guurtay Maraykanka. Isla mar ahaantaana waxaa jiray kulan uu la yeeshay cilmiga Eric Trist, kuwaas oo la dhacay qaab ciyaareedka cilmi ee Kurt intii uu adeegga ciidanka.

Ka hor this, Levin muddo lix bilood ah noqday professor a at Stanford, ka dibna u tageen inay University Cornell. Soon Curt ayaa loo magacaabay agaasimaha Xarunta Group Dynamics machadka Massachusetts ee Technology.

1946 wuxuu bilaabay inuu Levina dilaa. Wuxuu la weydiiyey inay ka heli hab in looga gudbi karo nacaybka diinta iyo isirka. Kurt qaaday tijaabo ah, taasi oo markii dambe noqday lahaa oo loo yaqaan "koox." guulaha noocan oo kale ah ayaa noqday element muhiim ah salka Tababarka Laboratory Qaranka.

Dhamaadkii dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, Kurt bartay dayactirka nafsi ah maxaabiista hore ee xeryaha fiirsashada.

Kurt Lewin dhintay February 12, 1947 ee Massachusetts. Wuxuu aasay saynisyahan caan ka ah dalkiisa. Uu dhintay ka dhacay xawaaraha ka dib markii furitaanka xarunta kuwii horeba ka mid ah madaxda adduunka. Nasiib darro, Kurt inuusan noolaanayn ilaa xilligan bulshada ee dhammaystirka riyooyinkooda.

furitaanka DULUCDA ah "Aragtida Field"

Formation of aragti beerta ay saamayn ku leedahay guulaha cilmiga saxda ah, sida physics iyo xisaabta. At isla markii horana nafsiga Levin, taas oo uu sidoo kale u qasdiyay in la sameeyo qaar ka mid ah sax. Sayidka, daahfurka ugu muhiimsan Levin bilaabay in muddo guudahaan, tijaabo cilmi nafsiga. Ilaa wakhtigaas, waxa loo maleeyey in cilmi nafsiga gebi ahaanba waa in aynan fikradda, maxaa yeelay, sayniska this ku salaysan yahay walxaha kuwan, oo sida nafta ah, dareen, qof. Marka la soo koobo, waxaa la rumeysan yahay in cilmi nafsiga waxa ay xidhiidh dhow la xaqiiqada ah in aan loo baran karaa microscope ka yar.

Aragti Field Lewin (gaaban)

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Levin tegey jihada ka soo horjeedda, dhaqmaadka tricks la camera qarsoon. Inta lagu guda jiro tijaabo ay, saynisyahano gelin imtixaanka qol meeshaas waxaa ku yiil walxaha kala duwan: buug, haddana dawan, qalin iyo wixii la mid ah. Qof kasta oo uu bilaabo inuu la khalkhalgelinta kasta oo ay soo saaraan wax. Laakiin si ay u wac jalaska - waxay ahayd caadiga ah ee qof walba.

tijaabo Kurt Lewin ee waxay isagii hor geeyeen garawsannay in nin Dan la'aan ah waxaa saameeya arrimo dibadeed. maadooyinka oo dhan waxay ahaayeen jireenka ah ee hawlaha sida, taas oo iyaga ku hardiyi lahaa sida ay isu alaabta. Laga soo bilaabo tan u raaceen in dadka uga deegaanka caadiga qarbudaada waa wax fudud si ay u maareeyaan. Ka dib oo dhan, ma jiro mid ka mid ah ka qayb galayaasha ka mid ah tijaabo ah uma baahna in ay qaataan qalin ama dawanno. Sayidka, waxyaabaha saamayn baahida aadanaha in cilmi nafsiga fasiraa sida nooc ka mid ah lagu eedeeyay tamarta, oo iska xanaajin danab imtixaanka. gobolka noocan oo kale ah nin ka riixday dheecaanku ka, kaas oo ahaa in ay buuxiyaan baahida.

Sidaas darteed, aragti field of Kurt Lewin, kooban oo ah kaas oo la soo bandhigay in aad fiiro in maqaalka ahaa fasiraadda asalka ah ee dhaqanka aadanaha. Thanks iyada ku, waxaa la cadeeyay in la ballamay ee ay falsayeen ku xiran tahay gebi on shuruudaha gaar ah oo duurka jirta.

waxbarista cayimayo ee Kurt Lewin

Daraasad nafsiga ah ee dhaqanka aadanaha dhimay si taxane ah muuqaalada:

1. Anshaxa waa in la falanqeeyay ee qaabka guud ee xaaladda guud.
2. Shaqsi xaalad gaar ah waxaa wakiil xisaab.
3. Dhaqanka sameeyaan dhacdo keliya oo dhab ah. Maxaa ku dhacay ee la soo dhaafay ama dhici doona mustaqbalka, wax yar oo kaliya beddelay oo sideeda oo duurka.
4. waxaa isku mid ah at jaleecada hore, dhaqanka waxaa had iyo jeer ha ka cadhaysiinina sababaha isku.

Seynisyahanno dheer "aqoonsi qabiil" la soo bandhigay. Kurt Lewin, sawir taas oo aad ka arki kartaa in article ah, loo arkaa in dhaqanka ee qofka shakhsiga ah ma aha sabab u noqon kara nooca nin ama barbaarinta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, labadaasuba waa nooca aad u muhiim ah. Taas oo muujinaysa in dhaqanka waa natiijada dhexgalka ka dhaxeeya shakhsiga iyo xaaladda.

hababka gacanta Main

Levin Kurt, iyo waxyaabo kale, bartay farsamooyinka maamulka ururka ee kooxaha. Sida laga soo xigtay saynisyahano, waxay loo kala saari karaa, oo ku salaysan hab maamul. Waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah qaababka asaasiga ah:

1. Dawlad. Man dareensan colaadeed sababta oo ah hoggaamiyaha kooxda cadaadis xoog leh.
2. style Democratic waa horumarinta wadajirka ah ee istaraatijiyad ku salaysan oo la xidhiidha geedi wadareed, iyada oo la tixgelinayo aragtida hoggaamiyaha.
3. Non-faragelin. Nuxurka of style this been in xaqiiqda ah in dhamaan go'aanada la sameeyey oo aan ka qaybgalka hoggaamiyaha. Waxaa ku lug lahaa qaybsiga shaqada, kaliya haddii codsaday in ay sidaa sameeyaan. hoggaamiye noocan oo kale ah waa dhif qof oo ammaanay.

Waxqabadka xarunta cilmi Kurt Lewin ee

In 1944, Kurt Lewin ahaa awoodaan in la dhiso xarunta u Dynamics Group Study machadka Massachusetts ee Technology. Isla mar ahaantaana, isna wuu eryooday a gool Gaarna asxaan. Saynisyahanka nolol dhan oo aan rajeynaya si loo ansixiyo in dunida aadanaha. Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, Dadka oo dhan u baahan yahay dimuqraadiyadda, si aad u jilciso dabiicaddoodii ugu. Ka caawi dhiso humanism Kurt Lewin isku dayay by samaynta tababaro koox.

saynisyahan waxaa ka dhaadhacsan in isbedelka bulshada ee kooxda in ay maraan dhowr marxaladood:

• "Xakamo";
• "Badal";
• "Xanibay cusub A."

"Dhalaali" waa xaalad halkaas oo koox ah ayaa la diiday, mudnaanta caadiga ah ay nolosha iyo qiimaha. In muddo this, iyadu waa at khasaaro ah. In marxaladda soo socota, waxaa soo jeedinayaa nidaamka cusub ee qiyamka iyo niyad, ka dib markii la aasaaso gobolka kuwaas oo kooxaha waa in ay dib ugu "Xayiraadda".

By habka, Levin waa abuurista nooc cusub oo ah xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya nafsiga iyo macmiilka. Inta badan isgaarsiinta sida badan yahay sida a wadahadalo dhakhtarka bukaanka ah. Kurt ayaa gabi ahaanba beddelay istaraatijiyadda dhiso isgaarsiinta. Uu xidhiidhka la mid ahaa wada hadal ah oo u dhexeeya ardayda iyo macalimiinta.

tijaabo cilmi nafsiga Kurt Lewin ee

Research Center, abuuray by Kurt Lewin, si firfircoon uga qabatay tababaro shaqaalaha ee shirkadaha kala duwan. Tusaale ahaan, adeegyada cilmi nafsiga ah ka hadlay Company Warshadaha Harwood la cabasho in shaqaalaha shirkadda muddo dheer waxbarashada hordhaca ah ee hal-abuurnimo kasta, taas oo horseedaysa hoos u dhac ku heerka waxqabadka.

Si loo xaliyo dhibaatada Levin Kurt qaatay saddex shaqaale oo ka tirsan kooxda oo wuxuu siiyey hawl:

• Kooxdu waxay ugu horeysay go'aansanaya sida uu u ugu wax ku ool ah ka shaqeeyaan qaab dhismeedka of technology nidaamka cusub.
• Kooxda labaadna lahaa in ay doortaan dhowr wakiilada in loo soo diro hoggaanka si ay ugala hadlaan hal-abuurnimo.
• group A saddexaad, oo ka kooban shaqaalaha iyo maamulayaasha waa in ay a "curinta" on horumarinta technology cusub.

Sidaas darteed of tijaabo ah ayaa waxaa la ogaaday in natiijada ugu wanaagsan waxaa lagu muujiyey kooxda la soo dhaafay. Ka dib markii in, maamulka shirkadda ayaa heshay talo ka nafsiga ah oo caan ah.

kuwa raacsan saynisyahan

Kurt Lewin, guulaha ee taas oo aanu ka fikiray, waa mid aad loo jecel yahay. Seynisyahanno ka soo adduunka oo horumariyaan fikradaha uu, horumarinta a "Aragti beerta". dadka sii shuqulka nafsiga ah u fiican, ka mid ah - qoraaga aragtida ah ee dissonance garashada, Leon Festinger, cilmi-nafsiga deegaanka Roger Barker deegaanka, iyo sidoo kale aasaasayaasha aragtida ah ee xallinta khilaafaadka iyo Morton Doych Blum Zeigarnik.