Koonfurta badweynta

Waa maxay badweynta? Ocean - a biyaha caalamiga ah qolof ah Earth, kaas oo ku wareegsan u qaaradood iyo jasiiradaha. In ka badan toddobaatan boqolkiiba dusha Earth la daboolay by badaha (si saxda ah, 71% noqon). Waa maxay badweynta? Qaaradood iyo jasiiradaha badan oo badaha adduunka ee loo qaybiyaa shan qaybood. On maps soo saaray Federation Ruush ah, aad u badan tahay ma ay heli doonaan in Ocean koonfurta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 2000, Midowga Hydrographic International la ansixiyay go'aan ku saabsan kala qeybinta meel biyo dunida on shan badaha. Loo yaqaan agagaarka Pacific, Indian, Atlantic iyo Arctic daray Ocean koonfurta. Maxaa loogu daray liiska this? In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in soohdinta koonfureed oo ka mid ah Atlantic, Pacific iyo Badweynta Indiya waa cadaalad ah caadiga ah, biyaha, ku xiga si ay Jacaylku, leeyihiin guryaha gaarka ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa la ogaadaa in go'aanka International Hydrographic Union ee aan la bixinin.

Southern Ocean oo s soohdinta ah waqooyiga, taasoo loo arko in ay zone Antarctic Iswaafiqida (zone of wada ee hadda dusha). oceanographers Qaar ka mid ah, saynisyahano aaminsan yihiin in soohdinta jirka ah ee Ocean Southern yar yihiin xagga woqooyi, kuwaas oo arc ka qaybta koonfureed ee Tierra del Fuego in South Africa. Its degaanka waa in ka badan 76 milyan oo kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran, si qoto dheer ugu weyn cabbiran ee xabaal ku Sandiwiij ee South wuxuu ku saabsan yahay 8428 mitir.

Kii u horreeyey ayaa ku tilmaamay Ocean Southern ee 1650. geographer The Dutch B. Varenius. Later, qarnigii 18aad, waxa ay bilaabeen baadhitaan la mid ah gobolka.

In 1845, London Royal Society ee dhuleed bixiyeen in meel bannaan oo dhan, taas oo ku xadidan yahay wareegga koonfurta horjeeda iyo Ballaariyay in qaarada Antarctic, loo yaqaan Arctic Ocean koonfurta. Southern Ocean ee waraaqaha of Organization Hydrographic International la go'doonsan ee 1937 ka, Pacific ee Atlantic iyo Indian, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dib in la dayacay.

Laga soo bilaabo taariikhda waxbarasho ee dalka Seychelles, waxaa la ogsoon yahay in markab ugu horeeyay, taas oo ka gudbeen ee 1559 goobada koonfurta horjeeda, wuxuu ahaa markab Dutch hoos amarka Dirk Geerittsa, xubin ka mid ah koox dad ah a of Jacob Magyu. Markab D. Geerittsa in ay Strait of Magellan ka dib markii duufaan xoog leh ayaa laga badiyay arkaan koox dad ah, oo ay tageen xagga koonfureed oo dalka. Geynta qiyaastii 64 ° loolka koonfureed, amarka arkay dhulka sare.

In 1772, sanadka ah ee Britain Great ku dhoofnay ay ololaha badda gabadhii ee Hemisphere ka Koonfureed ee sahamisa caanka D. Cook, iyo bilowga sanadka 1773rd, uu laba markab oo gaaray wareegga koonfurta kala horjeeda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dib markii dagaal quus ah la barafka, ayay dib u noqdeen. Dhawr bilood ka dib Cook mar kale u tageen inay Southern Ocean, iyo December 8, 1773 ka dhacay koonfurta ee Circle Arctic ah, laakiin markabka uu ahaa baraf zatort. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu ka maxaabiis ahaan baraf sii daayay, oo wuxuu tegey xagga koonfureed oo dheeraad ah. Laakiin mar kale waxaa la joojiyay derbi kaymo baraf, taas oo aan la oggol yahay in ay sii by. In duulaan labaad ee Pole Koonfurta Cook laba jeer gudbay Circle Antarctic ah, oo waxaa lagu qanciyay in tirada weyn ee icebergs muujinaysaa in baahi ka badan in ay a qaarada Antarctic weyn. Its adventures badda horjeeda ee duulaan uu si cad oo muuqata u ku tilmaamay in in ka badan qof walba, marka laga reebo whalers quus, muddo dheer kuma uu dhicin si ay u tagaan kuwa gobollada iyo fiiriyaa.

Bishii June 1819kii sahamiyayaal Ruush Bellingshausen iyo Mikhail Lazarev tegey on laba sloops dagaalka ka Kronstadt dhinaca Badweynta koonfurta. Iyagu waxay ka tageen shishadiisa xagga koonfureed oo reer Arctic Circle ah, waxay sii martay xagga bari ka, ee January 1821 helay gasiiradaha Peter aan, iyo dambe ee January ee 1820 - Earth Alexander I. duulaan amray Bellingshausen sameeyey dhoofnay ugu horeysay ee buuxa ee yar shiraaca maxkamadaha agagaarka Jacaylku, furan this duulaan sayniska badda.