July Monarchy: muddada, gaar ahaan natiijooyinka

In July 1830, waxaa jiray kacdoonkii ah ee France, taas oo keentay in markii la afgembiyey wakiil ugu dambeeyey ee line sare ee guri ammaan Bourbon ah - Korol Karl X iyo salaan carshiga abti u Duke of Orleans, Louis Philippe. Sidaas darteed, waxaa la dhammeeyey la aasaasay 1814 by nidaam la soo celinayo awoodda ah Bourbons, kuwaas oo ay isku dayayaan si walba si loo soo celiyo si ay dalka in ka adkaaday ka hor 1789 Kacaanka. The muddo in taariikhda France ka dib markii hoos ugu tegey, taariikhda sida Monarchy July.

Maxaa dalka keenay kacaankii kale

Muddada Monarchy July ee, lagu gartaa xaqiiqada ah in ay sabab u tahay kacdoonkii, oo loo yaqaan Second French Revolution ah, dastuurka cusub la ansixiyay (Charter updated), heer sare ah ay hubisaa waafaqsan xuquuqda madaniga iyo ballaarinaya awoodaha baarlamaanka.

fasalka ugu badan weli bourgeoisie weyn, haddii ka hor inta iyadu waxaa la hoos geliyey cadaadis ka abtirsan dhulgoosadka, hadda waa khatar ku ah iyada in ay ka hoos ku yimid - ka bourgeoisie u yar yar oo la aasaasay by time xoogsatada. Sida muwaadiniinta caadiga ah fursad yar si ay u difaacaan xuquuqdooda iyada oo baarlamaanka, ay sii wadaan in ay khatar ku iman karta in ay si ku dhisay dalka.

Halganka oo ka mid ah kooxaha baarlamaanka

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa aan odhan saabsan homogeneity ee ka kooban oo ka mid ah Baarlamaanka iyo ficil. Features of Monarchy July waa goan in xaalad xumeyd halganka ba'an intraparliamentary sababa is burinaya u dhexeeya dhinacyada kala duwan.

Mucaaradka, tusaale ahaan, in aanu ku qancin ansaxinta ee Dastuurka hore ee foomka updated iyo waxa loo baahan yahay dib u eegis dhamaystiran. Waxay ujeedadiisa ugu weyn ay ahayd in la dhiso dalka xilldhibaan iyo ballaarinta dheeraad ah ee xuquuqda madaniga ah.

faafitaanka fikradaha hantiwadaagga

In jawi this of halgan siyaasadeed oo ba'an ee Monarchy July noqday dhulka a bacrin ah faafinta ee noocyada kala duwan ee cilmiga hantiwadaagga. In 30 sano ee qarnigii XIX, waxa uu helay taageerayaal badan oo mahad dadaalka asaasaha dugsi ee hantiwadaagga lkn - Tirada ee Saint-Simon. Isaga iyo kuwa uu hoggaaminayo, ee loo yaqaan sensimonistov, hagaajiyaa rafcaan in dadka France ka dib guushii labaad ee kacaanka iyo in sano ka helay miisaanka siyaasadeed ee badan.

Intaa waxaa dheer, faafitaanka fikradaha sinnaanta iyo aaladahooda wax soo saarka qayb ka caanka ah ee shuqullada Proudhon iyo L. Blanca. Sidaas darteed of Monarchy July ee France ayaa inta badan ku koryeelay xasillooni caan ah oo wayn oo qabsaday qof hantiwadaag oo kala duwan.

Rabshado bilaabaan of 30-ka

Waxay caddaatay sii xumaanaysa maratay bishii November ee isla 1830, markii madaxa cusub ee dowladda, Jacques Lafitte ahaa in uu abaabulo maxkamadda wasiirro hore ee Golaha Wasiirada, aasaasay sidii hore sida boqortooyada oo ka mid ah dejiyey King Charles X.

dadkii badnaa Folk degna ururin wakhtigaas on jidadka Paris, dalbanayaan iyaga u ciqaabta dilka, oo xukunka xabsi daa'im noqdeen in xukun aad u dabacsan. Timi ee la xidhiidha cudurka this ayaa isku dayay in ay ka faa'idaystaan ku hantiwadaagnimadu, oo damcay inay dalka hoggaamiso in kacaanka cusub.

shidaalka ku daray in ay dabka, iyo taageerayaasha dib u soo celinta nidaamkii hore iyo enthronement ee aan qaan gaarin, Henry V, kuwaas oo raalli casishay Boqortooyada dhawaan dejiyey. Bishii February 1831, waxay soo abaabulay dibadbax, waxa siinta nooc ka mid ah adeega xusuus ah u noqdaan dhintay hal sano ka hor mid dhaxal kale carshiga - ee Duke of Berry. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tallaabadan yimid waqti qalad ah, oo dadkii badnaa cadhoodeen ma burburin oo keliya kaniisadda, halkaas oo ay fuliyeen, laakiin guriga Archbishop ah.

kacdoonkii lagaga soo horjeeday taliskii ee Louis Philippe

Inta lagu jiro 30-mada ay Monarchy July ee u dhacdhacaan tiro ka mid ah kacdoonkii caansan. The ugu weyn iyaga ka mid ah waxaa la qabanqaabiyaa June 1832 ee Paris, xubno ka mid ah bulshada a qarsoon "xuquuqda aadanaha", oo ay taageerayaan ku soo galootiga shisheeye badan. Mucaaradka ayaa la dhisay la xidhay iyo xataa dhawaaqay dalka Jamhuuriyadda ah, laakiin ka dib markii dagaal qaar ka mid ah way kala firdheen Ciidamada Dowladda.

hadal kale ee waaweyn ee mudadaas ka dhacay laba sano oo Sierra Leone. Waxaa xanaajiyeen tallaabo adag booliska ka dhanka ah ururada siyaasadeed. shan maalmood oo ka mid ah ciidamada gendarmerie gudahood isku dayeen in ay digniin la xidhay ee ka taagay meel by shaqaalaha, iyo marka ay ku guulaysteen, martigeliso jidadka dhiig aan horay loo arag.

In 1839, rabshado joogta ah loo nadiifiyo Paris. Waxay noqday bilaabaha ee urur siyaasadeed qarsoon, dhuumanayay hoos horyaalka ahayn "Company of xilliyada." Tani waa muujin ka timid nacayb caalamiga ah ee dowladda ayaa sidoo kale cadaadis, iyo dilaaliinta ay caddaaladda.

dilkii Boqorka

Waxa intaa dheer in bannaanbaxyo mass loogu talagalay markii la afgembiyey King Louis-Philippe Itobiya ee sannadahan ah waxaa la galay shakhsiyaadka 7 isku day on naftiisa. The ugu caansan oo iyaga ka mid abaabulan Korisikan Zhozef Fieski. Si aad u dili Boqortooyada, wuxuu loogu talagalay, la dhisay oo lagu rakibay si qarsoodi ah ay wadada qaar ka mid ah design gaar ah oo ka kooban 24 Foosto qoriga lagu soo eedeeyay.

Marka boqorkii wuxuu u qabtay iyada shirqoolkii dhigay kubad awood leh, taas oo Louis-Philippe uusan dhaawac qabin, laakiin 12 qof oo ka wefdigii ku xeeran ayaa la dilay iyo qaar badan oo ku dhaawacmay. Of shirqoolkii isla markiiba la xiray iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan guillotined.

Dagaalka oo la isbedel jaraa'id oo wasiirada

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, khatarta ugu weyn ee boqorka ka saxaafadda, taas July Monarchy siiyey xorriyad badan ka sii badan tahay ururka ka horeeyey, nidaam Bourbon u yimid. xilliyeedyada badan oo aan ka waaban in ay si cad u dhaleeceeyo labadaba-Louis Philippe, oo wuxuu abuuray dawlad. Oo iyana ma ay joojiyaan falalka ay xataa si nidaamsan abaabulo ka dhan ah dacwadaha kuwan.

Xiisadda of Monarchy July si cad ah halbeegyada tayada Isbedellada joogtada ah ee golaha wasiirrada, waxay bilaabeen in 1836. Head of dowladda Fransua Gizo iyo Louis Philippe qudhiisa ayaa isku dayaya si loo dardar shaqo ee hay'adda ugu sarraysa, iyo waqti isku mid ah inay ku Xasisho labada mucaaradka ah ee barlamaanka iyo tacsida ah.

By habka, ee taariikhda dunida ka jira tusaalooyin badan oo ah sida taliyayaashii mid daciif ah oo aan xirfad lahayn isku dayeen in ay dib u dhigto burburkii taliskii aasaasay by isbedelka shaqaalaha soo noqnoqda. Waxaa ugu Filan in yeeran ah "marti wasiir", ka hor dayrta oo ka mid ah Golaha Romanov.

Jawiga in adkaaday ee Baarlamaanka

Ra'iisul Wasaaraha ayaa waqti dheer awoodin in ay si farsamo ku dhaqaaqaan labada dhinac u dhaxeeya, si ay u Yimaadeen kala duwan ee looga baahan yahay. Tusaale ahaan, mucaaradka saldanadii doonayo dib u habaynta baarlamaanka in siin lahaa Xildhibaanada xaq u leedahay in mashquulin jagooyinka kala duwan ee hay'adaha dawladda. Waxay sidoo kale shaaca ka on ballaarinta codbixiyayaasha la hordhaca ah ee uu qaybaha cusub ee dadka.

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in sababaha Monarchy July waxay ahaayeen in qanacsanayn of bourgeoisie rabitaannadii socodnimo ee dawladdii hore, iyagu ma ay awoodaan in ay horey wax shuruudo xagjirka ah.

Ka xun waxay ahayd kiiska la wakiilada garabka bidix xad-dhaaf ah. Waxay shaaca ka on hordhaca ah ee dalka reer xilldhibaan iyo abuuritaanka tiro ka mid ah xuquuqda madaniga ah, kuwaas oo ka soo hantiwadaagnimadu maqlay badan.

Iyada oo inta badan codadkii in xigeen baarlamaanka, isagayna u khushuucaan, Guizot si fudud ula qabsan caasiyiinta ah, laakiin ka dhanka ah mucaaradka shisheeye, ayaa muujiyay in sii kordhaysa carada loo jecel yahay, wuxuu ahaa karayaan. Ma aha oo kaliya qaranka, laakiin sidoo kale dareenka hantiwadaagga ee dalka sanad kasta xoojiyey, oo ay waayeen waxay ka soo hor jeedaa lahaa.

Napoleon ee muuqasho

Haddii sababaha been ah dhibaatooyinka July Monarchy inta badan in la'aanta ah ee carada nadiifinta isbedel mass la filayaa ka dib markii la afgembiyey Charles X, ka dibna dayrta ee uu, King Louis-Philippe, inta badan keentay caan ka gaarto of Napoleon Bonaparte.

Kor fikradaha of laabtay nidaamka dawliga ah kuwaas oo ka hormarey dib u soo celinta ee boqortooyada (1814), door weyn ka qaata dawladda laftiisa. Go'aanka dambaska Korisikan weyn uu qaadaa Paris, iyo taalada la dhajinta on top of column Vendome ah, waxay u taagan tahay in xarunta of caasimada Faransiiska oo la filayo tuuray ka qoryaha Ruush qabsaday.

uuga Posthumous magaca Napoleon sidoo kale u dallacsiiyey by xubno dadweynaha ah xilligii, sida taariikhyahan caanka lui Adolf Ter iyo qorayaasha Pierre-Zhan De Beranger iyo Zhorzh Sand. Isla mar ahaantaana on walba siyaasadeed kaabiga si cad silhouetted tiradaasi of Shaam ee dabayaaqadii Emperor ah - Charles Louis Napoleon.

farac A gooyo

Sida farac u sanamkii waxay u universal, ayuu labo jeer isku dayday in ay qaataan awood by isku day liidata ayaa loo qabanqaabiyey iyo xumo afgambi fuliyey, taasoo Louis-Philippe ma lifaaq muhiimada kasta ama xitaa la xiray ay ku faraxumeeyey. Waxa si fudud aan la daawayn dhab ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaaladda bedelay qoto dheer ka dib markii Louis Napoleon, waxaa la sameeyay ku dhowaad wakiilka badan oo aad ee xisbiga. Mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyayaasheeda u ahaa shakhsi caan siyaasadeed ee xilligii Odilon Barrot. Iyada oo uu gacanta iftiin dhaqdhaqaaqa mucaaradka ayaa shaaca ka qaaday qaab loogu yeero xilli martiqaadka.

Diyaafadaha, ku dhammaatay kacaanka

Waxa ay ahayd in marka hore ee Paris iyo dambe ee magaalooyinka kale ee France, si aan ku xadgudubka sharciga on kulan, taas oo ka qaabiyaasha dalbaday in la helo ogolaansho ka maamullada maxalliga ah, ayaa lagu qabtay diyaafadaha dadweynaha aad u dhabta ah, kaas oo isu keena dhowr kun oo qof.

La dhigay loox khamri iyo hors d'oeuvres, kaas oo siiyey view Golaha, in kastoo tiro badan, laakiin ma mamnuucayo martiqaadka sharciga. Ka hor inta martida ah ayaa carada kula hadla khamri, markaas qabsadeen meeshii miisaskii caadi ah. Ogaaday sababta dhabta ah dahsoon oo ka mid ah hawlaha, maamulka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, laga yaabaa in aan wax ka heli qalad, iyo ololaha ku jiray kasii darto.

iidaha weyn noocan oo kale ah, abaabulo siyaasiyiinta hodan, hogaaminayo, ugu danbeyn, in soo socda ee Kacaanka Faransiiska taasoo keentay February 24, 1848 Korol lui-Philippe casishay.

Natiijada Monarchy July ayaa la koobnayn xaqiiqda ah in dalka, kaas oo istaagay madaxa Madaxweynahooda koowaad waxaa lagu rakibay ee France - lui Adolf Napoleon. Masiirka u lahaa, ka dib markii laba guuldareystay isku day, inqilaab uu ugu dambeyntii u yimid inuu awood hab sharci ah, oo waxay ku dhaadhacday taariikhda hoos magaca Napoleon III.