Jazz, in uu yahay, waxa jihada, kuwaas oo u qabata

The asal ahaan of jazz casriga salka ku dhaqan muusikada Afrika. Ka dib markii Hristofor Kolumb helay qaaradda cusub oo reer Yurub ah halkaas ayay degeen, si ay xeebaha America waa sii kordheysa raacay doonniyaha tahriibiya.

Iznuronnye shaqo adag, Daltabyada iyo ka cabanaya askarta xiriirka xanuunsan, addoommo helay tacsiyaynta in music. Tartiib tartiib melodies aan caadi ahayn iyo garaaca xiisaynayso ee Maraykanka iyo reer Yurub. Sidaas daraaddeed waxaa ku jazz. Maxaa jazz waa, iyo waxa dabeecadihiisa, aan tixgelin doonna in this article.

Features jihada muusikada

Waxaa loola jeedaa music jazz ee African-American, kaas oo ku salaysan yahay ku - improvisation (lulid) oo ah qaab-dhismeedka jiibta gaar ah (syncope). Si ka duwan meelaha kale, halkaas oo hal qof qoray music ah, iyo matalaa kale, fannaaniin jazz qabtaan labada composers.

Melody loo abuuray muddooyinka degna qoraal, kala bareeg ugu yar ee wakhtiga dil. Sida ay soo baxday jazz. Waa maxay improvisation orchestra? Tani waxay awood u of fannaaniin inuu la qabsado midba midka kale. Intaa waxaa dheer, mid kasta oo improvises isaga u gaar ah.

Natiijooyinka qoraallada isxilqaamay waa sii raagayaan ee muyuusigu (T. Kouler, Arlene G. "Waxaan ku faraxsanahay maalintii oo dhan waxaan ahay," Ellington D. "ma ma u ogtahay in aan jeclahay?", IWM).

Waqti ka, music Afrika ku dhexsameeysmo jirka la Yurub. Muuqday melodies in lagu biiriyo caag ah, laxanka, oo luuq iyo wada noolaanshaha dhawaaqyo (CHEATHAM Doc, Blues In My Heart, Carter James, oo xuddun, iwm).

tilmaamaha

Qoondee in ka badan soddon meelaha jazz. Ka fiirso qaar ka mid ah.

1. Blues. In English erayga macnihiisu yahay "murugo", "Walbahaar". Asal ahaan u bixiyey blues ka kiiyoo song Solo lyric. Jazz-blues - waxaa muddo dvenadtsatitaktovy dhiganta trohstrochnoy qaab gabay. walxuhu Blues sameeyaa xawaaro gaabis ah, in qoraalka la ogan karo Kuusow qaar ka mid ah. qaab caan ah blues - Gertrude Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, iyo kuwa kale.

2. Ragtime. Tarjumaadda suugaan magaca qaab - mustaqbalka dildillaacsan. In luqadda ee marka la eego muusikada "Reg" hab codadka eyo dheeraad ah oo u dhexeeya dhafoorka. Direction muuqday Maraykanka, ka dib markii Badda kaxaystay shuqullada Schubert, Chopin iyo Liszt. Music by composers Yurub sameeyaa style jazz ah. Later, waxaa jiray darey asalka ah. Ragtime caadiga ah hal abuur Joplin S., D. Scott, D. Wanka et al.

3. Boogie. style The soo baxday in horrantii qarnigii labaatanaad. Mulkiilayaasha makhaayadaha qaali ahayn baahan yahay fanaaniinta ay ku ciyaaraan jazz. waa raacidda ee muusikada maxay presupposes jiritaanka orchestra ah, shaki la'aan,, laakiin in ay ugu yeedhi tiro badan oo ah fanaaniinta ahaayeen qaali ah. dhawaaqa oo ah alaabta kala duwan mowjadda pianists, abuurista darey jiibta badan. Features Boogie:

• improvisation;
• farsamo ee Iduna Park,
• Gacantiisa bidix raacidda gaar ah u qabata ostinantnuyu qaabeynta motor, bareeg u dhexeeya Bass iyo luuq - laba ama saddex octaves;
• garaaca joogtada ah,
• marka laga reebo baydalka.

Boogie ciyaaray Romeo Nelson, Arthur Montana Taylor, Charles Avery et al.

Warkii style

Jazz waa caanka ah ee dalal badan oo caalamka ah. Meel kasta waxaa jira xiddigaha in hareerayn ciidan ah taageerayaasha, laakiin magacyada qaar ka mid ah ayaa halyeey ka noqday. Waxay waxaa loo yaqaan iyo jeclaaday wareegsan dunida dacaladeeda. fannaaniin Kuwanu, gaar ahaan, la xidhiidho Louis Armstrong.

Lama oga waxa ay noqon lahaayeen masiirka wiil ka ah quarter Negro saboolka ah, haddii Louis ma galaan xeryaha xabsi. Halkan, xiddiga mustaqbalka diiwaan geliyay band naxaas ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, kooxda waxaa jazz uma ciyaaro. Waa maxay blues, iyo sida ay u gabyi, ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa oo u badan ka dib helay. Armstrong helay in dadaalka iyo dadaal mahad warkiisiina wuxuu gaadhay dunida oo dhan.

Founder of gabay jazz u maleeyeen Billie Holiday (magaca dhabta ah Eleonora Fagan). caan ugu sarreysa ee gabayaa ahaa gaartay 50-mada ay qarnigii la soo dhaafay, marka lagu caweeyo isbedelka goobta masraxa.

nolosha adag fartaan iyo heystana kala duwan oo ka mid ah saddex octaves Elly Fitsdzherald. Ka dib markii dhimasho hooyadeed, waxay ka soo cararay gurigaygii iyo dhawray nololeed aan aad u hufan. bilowga xirfadiisa ciyaareed oo gabayaa ahaa ee ay aheyd qaab ciyaareed ah tartan muusikada Habeenada Hiwaayadda.

World caanka ah waa Dzhordzh Gershvin. laxamiistaha ugu abuuray darey jazz ku salaysan music classical. Sidaas oo si kadis ah qaab la dhacsan yihiin daawadayaasha iyo asxaabta. Riwaayada ayaa wariyaasha la socda sacab. The shaqo ugu caansan ee G. Gershwin - "Rhapsody in Blue" (co-qoray oo la Fredom Grofom), opera "Porgy iyo Bess", "An American ee Paris."

Sidoo kale fanaaniinta jazz caan ahaayeen oo weli ku jira Dzhenis Dzhoplin, Rey Charlz, Sarah Vaughan, Mayls Devis, iyo kuwa kale.

Jazz in USSR

ah ee muusikada this ee Midowga Soofiyeeti ay sabab u tahay magaca gabayaa, turjumaan iyo masraxa-goer Valentina Parnaha. riwaayad hore ee band jazz hogaaminayo Iduna Park ka dhacay 1922. Later Tsfasman, L. Utesov, J. Skomorovsky qaabeeya jihada jazz masrixiyada, isku qaab xarkaha iyo operetta. E. Rosner sameeyey badan in dadka la jazz music Varlamov, A. Lundstrom.

In 40-kii sano ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay, jazz ayaa si weyn loo dhaleeceeyey sida ugub ah dhaqanka ganacsade. In the 50-60-mada ay weerar ku qaab ah joojiyay. guutooyin Jazz la abuuray ee RSFSR iyo Jamhuuriyadda kale Soviet.

Maanta jazz muuqan toogasho ku saabsan marxaladaha riwaayad iyo naadiyada.