Jacaylku la ogaaday duulaan, madax sahamiyayaal Bellingshausen iyo Lazarev. History of helitaanka Jacaylku

Yaa ka mid ah dadka safarka ah helay Jacaylku? Jawaabta aad ka this article baran doonaan. Muhiim ah, ay helitaanka final ka dhacay 1820. Waa sheekada Jacaylku bilaabmaa sanadkan. First, dadka u qaadan kartaa oo keliya in tani ay qaaradda halkaas.

Jacaylku - qaaradda ugu sareeya on Earth. In ka badan 2 kun. Mitir waa height celceliska dusha ku xusan Sea Antarctic ah. Afar kun oo mitir oo kor u tahay in la bartamaha qaaradda.

Ka hor inta aan ka hadlo oo ka mid safra helay Jacaylku, idinku leeyahay laba qof oo ah erayada ku saabsan baxriyiintii ayaa kuwa aad ugu dhow in this daahfurka weyn.

wararka la isla dhexmarayo ugu horeeya ee ku saabsan jiritaanka waynaha

Ka qaybgalayaasha ka mid ah duulaan ku qaadeen by Portugal ee 1501-1502 sano, isagoo malee ugu horeysay. Amerigo Vespucci ka qeyb galay safar this. Tani socotada Fiorentine, si kadis ah aad u yaab ah xaaladaha kala duwan mahad, magiciisiina wuxuu u horyaalka laba qaaradood weyn siiyey. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, duulaan la iibiyay dheeraad ah ma tegi karin. LOCATION South, taas oo ah arrin ka fog Jacaylku iska. Vespucci u marag furay in qabow ahaa xoogan Socdaalba aan u adkaysan kari waayay.

Waxaa muddo dheer soo jiidatay dadka Jacaylku. Socotada ayaa la wareegay in uu jiro qaaradda weyn. Dzheyms Kuk galeen ka hor inta kale ee biyaha Antarctic. Waxa uu beenoobay quraafaad ah in uu jiro Terra Australis size weyn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Navigator ah ayaa lagu qasbay in ay qaataan oo kaliya in qaarada uu noqon karaa meel u dhow baallaha. Waxa uu rumeysan yahay in uu joogitaanka daliil u badan oo jasiiradaha barafka, iyo baraf sabayn.

Lazarev iyo Bellingshausen

Jacaylku la ogaaday duulaan, madax sahamiyayaal ka Russia. Had iyo jeer laba magacyada waxaa lagu qoray taariikhda daahfurtay juquraafi. FF Tani Bellingshausen (sannadaha cimrigaaguna - 1778-1852) iyo MP Lazarev (1788-1851).

Faddey Faddeevich Bellinsgauzen waxa uu ku dhashay 1778. Waxa uu ku dhashay waxa uu ku yaalaa ee badda bari jasiiradda of Saaremaa, Estonia iska leh maanta. Navigator bartay arday badda Corps.

Bellingshausen riyooday tan iyo yaraantaadii of meel badda. Waxa uu qoray in uu baddii dhex waxa uu ku dhashay, sidaas darteed, sida kalluunka ka soo baxay biyo, oo aan ku noolaan karaa, iyada oo. Faddey Faddeevich ee 1803-1806 sano ka qeyb galay safarka (circumnavigation ugu horeysay, badmaax Ruush kaamil ah) on markabka "Hope", taas oo ay Ivan Kruzenshtern keentay.

Lazarev yaraa 10 sano. Wuxuu ka dhigay 3 safarada adduunka oo noloshooda. Navigator ka qeyb galay 1827 oo dagaalka ku jira badda ee Navarino, markaas muddo ku dhow labaatan sano, wuxuu ahaa taliyaha Badda Madow Fleet. ardayda uu ka mid ahaa saraakiishii caan ah sida badda ee Russia, Vladimir Istomin, Pavel Nakhimov, Vladimir Kornilov.

"Vostok" iyo "Peace"

Lazarev iyo Bellingshausen qaddar keenay 1819kii. Markaas Wasaaradda Navy doonayay duulaan si ay u Hemisphere koonfurta. safarka adag lahaa si ay u fuliyaan laba doonniyood, si fiican u qalabaysan. Taliyaha sloop ee "East" ayaa loo magacaabay Bellingshausen. Lazarev hogaaminayo ee "Peace". In sharaf of maraakiibta, kuwaas oo labaatankii sano badan ka dib waxa la yidhaahdaa waa saldhigyada Antarctic horeysay Soviet.

furitaanka ugu horeeya ee

duulaan ee 1819kii, on July 16, waxay bilaabeen dabaal. Soo koobay sida soo socota diyaariyey ay gool: daahfurka dhow Pole Antarctic ah. Mariners baray si ay u baaraan Sandiwiij ee Dunida (hadda ah South Islands Sandiwiij, kuwaasi oo ay mar helay Cook), iyo sidoo kale South Georgia, ka dibna sii wadaan in ay baaritaan in latitudes fog, taas oo keliya lagu gaari karaa.

Sidaas this "Peace" iyo "East". faahfaahinta South Georgia Island lagu tilmaamay. Sahamiyayaal ayaa lagu ogaaday in Sandiwiij Earth waa jasiiradaha ah. Cook Islands Bellingshausen la odhan jiray jasiiradda ugu weyn ee jasiiradaha. Si First helay tilmaamaha lagu fuliyay.

Furitaanka of Jacaylku

On bidhaamayaan loo arki karaa expanses baraf. Markabka sii ay weheliyaan cidhifyada ay xagga galbeed iyo bari. In 1820, 27 January, duulaan ku gudbeen Circle Antarctic ah. Oo maalintii ku xigtay, ka qaybgalayaashu ka yimaadeen meel u dhow qaaradda Antarctic, ay caqabad baraf. Just ka badan 100 sano ka dib, meelaha kuwan waxaa soo booqday mar kale. Markan waxay ahayd sahamiyayaal Norwegian ah Jacaylku. Oo waxay iyagii siiyeen magaca Martha Princess ku Coast.

Bellingshausen on January 28, ku qoray xusuus-qorka in, sii ay u guuraan koonfurta, duulaan ku helay duhurkii baraf ku socon marayo barafka soo bandhigay qaab daruuraha cad. Badmaax, gudbiso koonfur-bari waa laba mayl, hore u ahaa "in baraf adag." beerta badan lixdii bilood la hillocks agagaarka fidiyey. Tan iyo markii la ogaaday Jacaylku duulaan, madax sahamiyayaal Bellingshausen iyo Lazarev.

In la eego aragti ahaa markab aad u fiican Lazarev. Kabtanka Markabka ayaa daawaday "Ice meelaha xad-dhaaf ah," taas oo soo taagay in ay jid toosan. Wuxuu qayb ka mid ah sheet baraf in daboolay Jacaylku ahaa. On 28 January sanadkan, waxa ay hoos ugu tegey, taariikhda sida taariikhda markii Bellingshausen iyo Lazarev helay waynaha Antarctic. Laba jeer (February 2 iyo 17) "Peace" iyo "East" yimaado meel u dhow xeebaha Jacaylku. Sida laga soo xigtay tilmaamaha, waa in ay eegaan for "dalka oo aan la garaneyn". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xitaa ugu maagganaa qorayaa dokumentiga laga yaabaa ma sii ogaan sida shaqo guul.

Soo noqnoqda safar si Jacaylku

jiilaalka dhowaaday in Hemisphere koonfurta. Maraakiibta wareejiyay xagga woqooyi, dhoofnay oo biyaha ku qoraxda iyo kulaylaha ee Badweynta Pacific. Sannad ka tagtay. Markaas, "Peace" iyo "East", kaas oo la amray by Bellingshausen iyo Lazarev madax for Jacaylku mar kale. Wayna ka gudbeen saddex jeer Circle Antarctic ah.

Peter waxaan Island

Indhaha dadka safarka ah ee 1821, 22 January, muuqatay jasiirad aan la garanayn. Waxaa loo magacaabay Bellingshausen Island ee Peter Weyn. January 28, dhab ahaan hal sano tan iyo helitaanka Jacaylku, on a qoraxdu, shaqaalaha cimilada cloudless arkay xeebaha buuraley ah, kuwaas oo ku kala bixiyey araggooda koonfureed.

Earth Alexander I

First on muuqday maps Dhulka by Alexander I. Ma jiro shaki ku jirin heysan: Jacaylku - ma ahan oo keliya Massif baraf, qaaradda dhab ah. Bellingshausen, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ee furitaanka waynaha qaadina. Waxa ay ahayd wax la macnaheedu waa Furuujtooda been ah. Navigator fahamsan yahay in ay macquul tahay in gebagebo final, laakiin ka dib markii uu waxbarashada loo baahan yahay on xeebaha Jacaylku. None of dulmari ah, ama ku saabsan size ee qaaradda, uu xitaa ma laga yaabaa fikrad xunxunna. labaatankii sano badan baa on issledavaniya.

Baarista ka mid ah Islands South Shetland

Buuxinta ah "gebogebadii", hageyaasha sahamiyey si faahfaahsan Islands South Shetland. Ka hor intii aan loo yaqaan waxa B. Smith, English ah, waxay daawaday ee 1818. jasiiradaha ka mid ah ayaa baa'bin oo ku tilmaamay. In dagaalka ee 1812 waxaa ka soo qeyb satalayt badan Lazarev iyo Bellingshausen. Sidaa darteed, qaar ka mid ah jasiiradda ee xasuusta of dagaallada iyada heshay magacyada soo socda: Waterloo, Leipzig, Berezina, Smolensk, Maloyaroslavets, Borodino. Later, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ayaa baxriyiintii British iyaga baxshay, in aan waa wax cadaalad ah. Waterloo, iyo waxyaabo kale (King George - magaceeda casriga ah) ka mid ah, waxaa la aasaasay by ugu saldhigyada cilmi waqooyi ee USSR ee 1968 ee Jacaylku loo yaqaan "Bellingshausen".

Ku noqo Kronstadt

In 1821, marka la gaaro dhamaadka bisha Janaayo, Faddey Faddeevich maraakiibta xagga woqooyi, navigation si xun u garaacayeen in baraf iyo duufaan diray. 751 maalin safar socday maraakiibta Ruush. oo dhererkeedu wuxuu ahaa safar ah oo ku saabsan 100 oo kun oo kiiloomitir (in uu yahay, ilaa iyo inta aad ka heli marka aad laba wareegsan dhulka tagaan at Dhulbadhaha iyo jeer quarter a). 29 jasiiradaha cusub ayaa la suureeyey. Sayidka bilaabay horumarinta iyo waxbarasho ee Jacaylku.

Ka dib markii Ruushka

Sidaas daraaddeed, Jacaylku la ogaaday duulaan, madax sahamiyayaal ka Russia. Laba toddobaad ka dib, ee 1820, 16 January, duulaan Ruush hogaaminayo Bellingshausen iyo Lazarev, u baxay inuu Jacaylku, Edward Brantsfild, kuwaas oo ka soo dhaqaaqay Shetland Koonfurta Islands xagga koonfureed, wuxuu arkay bangiga sare baraf-ku qariyeen. Waxaa loo magacaabay Navigator this Earth Trinity (ie Saddexmidnimada). Jacaylku Cilmi baadhayaashu waxaa sido arkay laba buuraha. Waxay ahayd Peninsula Antarctic ah, xagga woqooyi oo bushintiisa taagay in 1,200 km jihada of South America. On Earth, ma jiraan wax sida u saarney kale dheer oo dhuuban.

Jacaylku markii ugu horeysay ka dib, ayaa baxriyiintii Ruush arkeen guutadii "Enderby", laba sealers barxadood oo England, kuwaas oo ka yar John Biscoe go'an safri adduunka oo dhan. In 1831, dhamaadka February, inay dalka soo buuraleyda ku soo dhawaaday maxkamadda. Waxaa la qaatay iyaga by for jasiiradda. Ka dibna, dalkan waxaa lagu qeexaa sida protrusion a of East Jacaylku. U muuqday on magaca map Biscoe buurta (peak ugu sareeya waxa on) iyo Enderby Land. Tan iyo markii Jacaylku furay sahamisa Dzhon Bisko.

socotada ah ee sannadka soo socda ka dhigaysa daahfurka kale. Waxa uu la kulmay ee eber suusho dhowr jasiiradood size yar yar, ka baxsan taas oo ay jiraan buuraha reer Graham Land (siday ayaa loo magacaabay dalkan), taas oo sii waday in ay Earth Alexander I bari. Magaca saxda ah ee sahamisa this ayaa loo magacaabay silsilad ah jasiiradaha yaryar, inkastoo uu helay dalka ayaa sidoo kale loo arkaa waqti dheer ka dib markii jasiiradaha.

Tobankii sano ee ku xiga, shiraaca ee Ocean koonfurta laga helay laba ama saddex "xeebta". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadka safarka ah in kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah ma ku haboon.

In taariikhda waxbarasho ee Jacaylku degan meel gaar ah oo duulaan ku ah Faransiis, kaas oo uu madax u JS Dumont d'Urville. In 1838, ee January, laba ka mid ah markabka ( "Seele" iyo "Astrolabe") si Pacific ka Atlantic u yimid, albaaka koonfureed America. Cilmibaadhe tageen ay biyo u raadsadaan, baraf-free, fog koonfur, dhowaanin Peninsula Antarctic ah, ay tip waqooyiga, taasoo la odhan jiray Navigator Earth this Louis-Philippe. Dumont d'Urville, baxaya galay Badweynta Pacific, alaabteeda oo soo diray si ay biyaha kulaylaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka Tasmania markaas ayuu xagga koonfureed u soo jeestay oo ku kulmay loolka ee xeebaha baraf Arctic Circle, magacaabay Adelie Land oo wakiil ka ah waa inuu naagtiisa. Tani waxay dhacday 1840, on 20 January. Faransiis The isla maalintaas ku degay jasiiradda. Waxaan dhihi karnaa in markii ugu horeysay ay dadka in maanta u imanayaa inuu dhulka ee Jacaylku, inkasta oo ay weli ma ay dhulweynaha iyo jasiiradda kaliya socota, waxa uu.

Ka dib markii reading article ah, aad ka soo baratay, waxa sannad helay Jacaylku. Kaliya ee 1956, 5 January, on xeebta ah ee dhulweynaha ka yeelateen sahamiyayaal horeysay Ruush. Waxaa sidaas waxay u noqotay iyada oo 136 sano ka dib markii la ogaaday Jacaylku duulaan, madax sahamiyayaal Bellingshausen iyo Lazarev.