Horyaalka ee Emperor of All Russia markii ugu horeysay qaaday Ivan III. Taariikhda gobolka Ruush

qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii shan iyo tobnaad - waa mid ka mid ah muddooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee taariikhda Russia. Wakhtigan mustaqbalka ee gobolka ugu danbeyn uu uga takhalusi harqood Tataarka iyo asaaska siyaasadda ee abuuritaanka dal cusub. taliye Muscovite Ivan III wuxuu ahaa nin reer hamiga siyaasadeed weyn iyo dadaallada geesi. Wuxuu istaahisha sii shaqo aabbihiis iyo ku dhowaad konton sannadood oo boqornimadiisa, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay midoobaan agagaarka Moscow dalka iyaga ku wareegsan oo dhan. Taasi waa sababta in qorna taliye this boqorka kowaad oo boqor of Russia oo dhan inaan soo nooleeyo dalkooda ahaa, ka noqday taliye kaliya.

Midaynta dalalka Ruushka

Qaadaaya dhul hoos bacdi ee kibir Moscow ka socday muddo ku dhow soddon sannadood. taliyayaashii daruuri ma aha deriska la aqoonsan yahay maamulka taliyaha Moscow ee Ivan. Gobolka Yaroslavl si iskood ah isku raacay in la aqoonsado sarraynta ee ee Moscow iyo Tver amiirka iyo kibir Rostov lahaa zamiryat. Mid ka mid ah dagaallada ugu weyn ee waayahaas waxay ahayd qabsashadii of gobta Novgorod - guuldaradii of Novgorod on webiga Shelon qariyo nabadaynta Shrew kibir iyo gelitaanka Weyn.

Xiriirka Mongols ah

Si loo kordhiyo saamaynta ku sugan gobalka, Ivan III ayaa dhaqantay la Mongols sida taliye madax-bannaan oo dalkooda ka mid ah. gooyo mustaqbalka ugu horeysay ee Russia oo dhan mar dambe doonayay inuu bixiyo canshuurtii iyo in la raaco on qaansada, sida waalidka iyo ayeeyooyinka way wada yeeleen. Inta lagu jiro soddon sannadood boqornimadii Ivan III uu ilkeed Sucuudiga dalkii aan dhiig Orthodox Masiixiyiin ma dalalkan uga xunyihiin iyo magaalooyinka gubay. Qarni A dhan dadka kii aan ogayn harqood Tataarka. Han Ahmat go'aansaday inuu hoosaysiiyo in reerihii amiir iyo dib u dhulka ee Ruush gudbikaraa saamayn ah Horde. taliye taxaddar iyo hami ah Horde waxay bilaabeen inay isku diyaarineyso inay u soco Moscow. Laakiin uu hami ku dhamaaday 1480. taagan Great on the webiga Ugra tusay xooggii ciidanka Ruushka. Khan in ay ka cararaan, xoogga tataarka ku dalalkan oo Ruush, taas oo qaadatay in ka badan laba boqol oo sannadood, waa in ka badan. Ivan III - Tsar koowaad ee All Russia ay dalka ka sano addoonsiga u dhiibay.

War la dariska waqooyiga

Qaadashada iyo goysiga Novgorod dhow riixay xuduudaha gobolka Ruush in Livonia iyo Sweden. imaadyo Constant iyo sii dari xiriirka Livonian-Pskov ayaa keentay in a dagaallada ciidamada halis ah. In 1481, ka dib olole guul ku taal dalka Ruushka heshiis Livonian la saxeexay muddo toban sano. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Ivan III amartay dhismaha qalcad ah ee-galbeed woqooyi ee dalka. beegtay noocan oo kale ah ma ahaa ka soo baxa meeshan; horrantii qarnigii 16aad, xiriirka mar kale ka sii dartay. Lahaanshaha lumay dagaalo dhowr ah oo waaweyn, Ivan III ee 1503 isku raacay in la wada saxeexay heshiis nabadeed oo kale, kaas oo si rasmi ah u xaqiijiyay waxaa soohdinta reer labada dal.

Xiriirka Grand Duchy reer Lithuania

Xoojinta ah madaxbanaanida iyo formation of madax Moscow, ballaadhinta ah ee dhulkeeda ka mid ah danaha is khilaafsan ee gobolka dhalinyarada Grand Duchy reer Lithuania. Dagaallada Xiga xaqiijisatay sarraynta Ruush badan dhulka lagu muransan yahay. heshiiskii nabadda ee u dhexeeya labada dal la saxiixay 1503. Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, xoogga kibir Moscow tegey Gomel, Bryansk, Rylsk, Putivl, Chernigov iyo magaalooyin kale hore lagu qabtay by Lithuania. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, heshiiskan ayaa la soo gabagabeeyey muddo gaaban (6 sano), laakiin ay dhicin, mana ka mid ah dhinaca kale midna ma dib ugu dhibcood ee dokumentiga.

Sidaas darteed, in wakhti yar oo gaaban, ka dalalkan oo Ruush ah ayaa la midoobin agagaarka Moscow. Cinwaanka "Emperor of All Russia" ayaa markii ugu horeysay sayidkii hore qaatay madaxda gooni ah.

baaritaan ee ururka

boodi The af badan laga qabto, ee ah dawlad weyn oo madax banaan iyo addoommo dalbaday jir ah u dhigma. By isku dalka Ruush, fikrad ugu baaqay sayidkoodii been dushiisa. Ka hor inta in, horgalaha "Dhamaan Russia" loo moodayay in ay amiirradii Kievan iyo Faracoodii. Ka dib markii ay burburtay Kievan rus title this isku halleeyeen Prince of Vladimir (sida dhaxla si toos ah Yaroslav falsan). Ka dib markii ku biiray horgalaha kibir Moscow Vladimir "Dhamaan Russia" si dabiici ah u dhaqaaqay amiirradii Moscow.

Erayga "Qaranimo" ayaa sidoo kale lagu sameeyay isbedel la taaban karo. Markii hore, milkiilaha oo ka mid ah dalka Acquired wanaagsan oo kale hantida loo yaqaan "Gospodar". Ereygan hadda waxaa laga helaa luqadaha Yukreeniyaan, Belarus iyo Moldova. Gobolada waqooyi-bari ee Russia hadalkii bilaabay in la isticmaalo ka dib markii arooska ee Prince of Moscow Vasily Sophia Palaeologus - bedelka tooska ah ee taliyayaashii Byzantine. fariimihii ku saabsan lacagta birta ah ee muddada hore ee boqortooyada Ivan soo jeedinaya waa sida "Qaadirka Dhamaan Russia." Later ereyga waxaa loo beddelaa ah "madax" oo waxay noqdeen wax caadi ah. Oo ka mid ah laba qaybood oo la abuuro horyaalka taliyaha cusub ee gobolka. Ivan III - gooyo koowaad ee Russia oo dhan loo yaqaan hoos this horyaalka cusub.

gobolka cusub

Ansaxinta ee horyaalka "Tsar of All Russia" Tsar Ivan III ahaayeen ee 1494. Wakhtigan iska hor imaad ku dhamaatay iyadoo Grand Duchy reer Lithuania iyo Muscovy, iyo Duke of Lithuania si rasmi ah loo aqoonsan yahay Prince Ivan hospodar (boqor) oo ka mid ah dalalkan oo Ruush. horyaalka "Sovereign of All Russia" markii ugu horaysay la ansixiyay, in versions qaar ka mid ah, qof qaraabo ah oo Ivan III - Dmitry Shemyaka. Laakiin Ivan III kasbatay wuxuu isu bixin kari waayay taliyihii oo ka mid ah dalalkan oo Ruush, sababtoo ah intii boqornimadiisa dhulka ay gacanta ku dalkii Moscow ayaa ku badiyey.

The Emperor iyo Boqorka

boqor hore ee Russia oo dhan lahaa horyaalka kale. Wakhtigan, taliyaha ugu horeysay Ruush yimid si aan amiirrada iyo boqorradii la yaqaan. Ka hor this, boqorrada kaliya ee lagu magacaabi karaa Khan ee Horde Golden iyo taliyayaashii drevneiudeyskie yaqaan ka turjumidda Old Slavonic mid ah sheekooyinka kitaabiga ah. Erayga "boqorka" waxaa loo qoondeeyey Boqortooyada kaliya, kuwaas oo lahaa xaq u leeyahay inuu ku cadaabo cafi maadooyinka uu uu digtoonaan. Marka la barbardhigo boqorradii Yurub markii hore loo arkaa hantida gaarka loo leeyahay, boqorka ahaa milkiilaha kaliya ee dalalka oo dhan ay. Waa shil dhigmin ereyga "boqorka" ee ma ahaa "KT".

horyaalka taliye

Doorka taliye is-madax-bannaan ka mid ah gobolka cusub lama quudhsan karin. Cinwaanka "Emperor of All Russia" ma aha markii ugu horeysay qaaday shisheeye ah, ma hakadgeliyay ah Mongols ah, horyaalka waxaa ay kasbatay iska leh siyaasadda adag iyo fog-arka, waxa uu noqday kibir gobolka ee awoodda u ah heerka Yurub. Waayo, nolosha ka mid ah jiilka Russia ayaa noqday dal la ixtiraamo oo awood lagu xisaabtami karo, iyo xagga woqooyi, iyo xagga koonfureed. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee Moscow sida caasimadda ah ee dalka ku cusub goob joog ka ahaa wakiillo ka socda dalalka dariska ah. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee Muscovy galay saaxadda siyaasadeed la magac cusub - Russia. Cinwaanka "Emperor of All Russia" ayaa markii ugu horeysay ansixiyay midab rasmi ah oo qayb ka noqday muhiim ah oo ammaanida taliyayaasha Ruush. Tani waa codsi rasmi ah wakiilka qoyska talada haya, kowaad ayaa ka dhawaajisay in la xiriirta Ivan III iyo qaraabada uu, ka dibna waxaa la soo gaaray by wakiilada guri ammaan Romanov ah. Ka dib markii autocrats Peter Ruush ka doorteen in ay isu bixin "boqor". Laakiin horyaalka ee Tsar of All Russia hadhay oo ka dambeeya by xaq u leeyihiin dhaxalka, oo waxaa ka mid ahaa kuwo kale oo dhan racfaanka rasmi ah qoyska reer boqor.