Herbert Spencer: Biography iyo fikradaha aasaasiga ah. Faylasuuf Ingiriisi iyo sociologist qarnigii XIX goor dambe,

Herbert Spencer (sannadaha cimrigaaguna - 1820-1903) - Faylasuuf ka mid ah England, wakiilka ugu weyn ee loo qeybin si ballaaran qeybtii 2-aad ee evolutionism qarnigii 19aad. Wuxuu by falsafad guud, aqoonta uniform loogu tala galay ku salaysan cilmiga gaarka ah oo ay gaareen in ay horumarka bulshada guud ahaan. In uu yahay, in uu ra'yi, waa heerka ugu sareeya ee aqoonta, oo daboolaya dunida oo dhan ee sharciga. Sida laga soo xigtay Spencer, isagu waa evolutionism, in uu yahay horumarinta. shuqullada Major by author this: "Psychology" (1855), "System of Philosophy sindeetig" (1862-1896), "Social Statistics" (1848).

nolosha Early Spencer

Herbert Spencer ayaa ku dhashay 1820, April 27, at Derby. Adeer, aabbihiis iyo awoowe ahaa macallimiin. Sidaas caafimaadka masaakiinta lahaa Herbert in waalidku uu xataa dhawr jeer laga badiyay rajada ah in wiilka noolaan doonaa. Sida ilmo, isagu ma muujiyaan wax awoodooda aheyn, Waxaan bartay inaan akhriyey sano 8 oo kaliya, in kastoo, kitaabkii ma aha mid aad xiiso u ku sugan. Herbert Spencer dugsiga ahaa caajis iyo kala firdhiyey in ay isku mid madax adag oo caasi ah. Uu barbaarinta waxaa ku hawlan aabbihiis guriga, kuwaas oo doonayay inuu ina helay fikirka aan caadi ahayn oo madax banaan. Herbert layliga si loo hagaajiyo caafimaadkooda.

Waxbarashada Herbert Spencer

Waxaa isaga soo diray ilaa 13 sano, sida caadadii Ingiriisi ah, si ay u adeerkiis ku sugan daryeelka korinta. Thomas, Spencer adeerkiis wuxuu ahaa wadaad in Bath. Waxa uu ahaa "nin jaamacad." Herbert uu adkeysi, waxbarashada sii at University Cambridge. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dib markii koorsada diyaarinta saddex sano ah oo aan gurigiisii tegey. Wuxuu go'aansaday inay sii wataan waxbarashadooda on iyaga u gaar ah.

Weligay qoomamayn Herbert Spencer in waxbarashada tacliinta aan la helin. Waxa uu ahaa dugsiga wanaagsan nolosha, taasi oo markii dambe ka caawiyay in ay ka gudbaan badan oo dhibtii lala kulmay xalinta dhibaatooyinka kala duwan.

Spencer - Injineer

Spencer aabihii doonayay in wiilkiisa uu ka noqday macallin, aad qabto in la raaco raadkii. Helitaanka waxbarashada dugsiga sare ah, waxa run ahaantii ka caawiyey waayo, dhowr bilood dugsiga, halkaas oo uu isaga qudhiisu bartay mar, hal macallin. At Spencer tusay talanti sida macallin. Laakiin wuu ka xiiso sayniska iyo xisaabta badan philology iyo taariikhda. Sidaas marka ee dhismaha tareenka ka bariyeelay injineer ah, wuxuu aqbalay dalab aan libiqsanayn, Herbert Spencer. Uu Biography waqtigan waxaa loo calaamadeeyay by xaqiiqada ah in uu shaqada lagu fulinayo, wuxuu sketched qorshaha, seefqaad ah khariidado. Waxaan ku mashquulsan yihiin fikir xataa abuurtay qalab gaar ah ( "velocimeter"), oo loogu talagalay in lagu cabbiro xawaaraha tareenada.

Maqaallo Spencer sida filasoof

Inta badan Faylasuuf progenitor Herbert Spencer, kuwaas oo Biography waxaa lagu tilmaamay in this article, kala duwan oo la taaban karo jeedo ee maskaxda. Tani waxay keentaa isaga u Comte, aasaasaha positivism, iyo Renouvier, Neo-in, sidoo kale, ma u dhamaystiraan koorsada of aadanaha ee jaamacadda. Habkaani ayaa qeyb muhim ah in formation of asalka aragti falsafadeed Spencer. Laakiin waxaa ku jiray iyo cillado ay ku. Tusaale ahaan, uu, sida Comte, ma aan ogayn brand ee af Jarmal, sidaas shuqullada faylosuufiinta kuwaas oo ku qoran on, akhriyi kari waayeen in asalka ah. Waxaa intaa dheer, inta lagu guda jiro nuska hore ee qarnigii 19aad ee England ay weli tahay aqoon yahanno Jarmal aan la aqoon (Schelling, Fichte, KANT, iyo kuwa kale.). Kaliya tan iyo 1820s soo daahay, British waxay bilaabayaan inay bartaan qorayaasha ka Germany. Tarjumaadaha ugu horeysay waqti isku mid ah ay ahaayeen tayo aad u liita.

Is-waxbarasho, qoraaladii ugu horeysay falsafada

In gacmaha Spencer ee 1839 dayrta gelin "Mabaadi'da cilmi dhul" Lyell. Waxa uu la kulmay on Halabuurka this la aragtida ah ee horumar ah ee nolosha. Spencer weli mashaariic injineernimada isha, laakiinse haatan waxaa caddaatay in xirfad this waa dhaqaale xoog ma dammaanad qaadi. Herbert ee 1841, uu guriga ku soo laabtay ayaa muddo laba sano ah in is-waxbarasho. Waxa uu uu ogyahay shuqullada Classics falsafada iyo daabacay uu shuqulladaadii hore waqti isku mid ah - articles qoran for "-conformists aan", u huray in arrimaha xuduudaha dhabta ah ee waxqabadka dowladda.

Herbert mar 1843-1846 sano ka shaqeeya sidii Injineer ah, taasoo keentay xafiiska. Isagu waa u daneyneyso arrimaha siyaasadda dheeraad ah. saamayn weyn iyo cunfiga waxa on in adeerkiis beerta Thomas, wadaad, kuwaas oo ku Samrin, in la barbardhigo xubnaha kale ee qoyska Spencer ah, views muxaafidka ah, ka qayb dhaqdhaqaaqa dimuqraadi ah, Chartists ah, iyo sidoo kale ololaha for baabiiyo sharciyada Corn ah.

"Social Statistics"

Spencer ee 1846 noqday editor ah kaaliyaha ee "The Economist" (asbuucii). Wuxuu kasbaday wanaagsan, u kaliyeeli shuqulkiisa waqtiga firaaqada ah. Herbert qoray, "tirakoobka bulshada", taas oo horumarka nolosha arkaa jimicsi fikrad si tartiib tartiib ah rabaani ah. Markii dambe waxa uu helay fikradda this aad u teologichnym. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in shaqada this, Spencer codsatay in ay nolosha bulshada ka mid ah aragtida ah ee horumar.

Waxaa ma ay tegin lama dareemo this takhasusay maqaalka. Ku xidhan jacayl Spencer ELLISTE, Lewis, Huxley. Sidoo kale, shaqo this isaga kasbadeen xiiseyneysay iyo saaxiibada sida Hooker, Georg Groth, Stuart Mill. Kaliya la xiriir Carlyle ma jiraan. Maskax leh oo qabow Spencer ma waadan kara sawir isagoo xammeetiyeed.

"Psychology"

Philosopher waxyoonay guusha ee uu shaqada ugu horeysay. Waxa uu soo saaro hab muddada u dhaxaysa 1848 in 1858 tiro ka mid ah xaaladaha kale oo ka fikiraya qorshaha, hirgelinta kaas oo jeclaan lahaa in aan Koox kastaha qaar ee Meyeydaan. Spencer adeegsanayaa "Psychology" (warqad labaad, oo lagu daabacay 1855) ee la xidhiidha cilmi nafsiga ee la xiqiijiyay in ay asal ahaan dabiiciga ah ee noocyada iyo muujinaysaa in waayo-aragnimo ah generic loo saarin karaa qofka la garaneyn. Sidaa darteed, Darwin rumeysan yahay in falsafo sida mid ka mid ah ka horreeyay.

"Philosophy sindeetig"

Tartiib tartiib, Spencer bilaabo si ay u horumariyaan nidaamka u gaar ah. Waxaa la saameeyay empiricism ee ka horreeyay uu, inta badan Mill iyo Hume, dhaleeceyn KANT ee, refracted dhex askunmay ee Hamilton (ka wakiil ah dugsiga ee loogu yeero "dareen caadi ah"), iyo sidoo kale positivism ee Comte iyo falsafada dabiiciga ah ee Schelling. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, fikrad ugu weyn ee uu nidaamka falsafada ay ahayd fikrad ah ee horumarinta.

"Philosophy sindeetig", uu shaqada ugu weyn, Herbert ayaa sooco oo 36 sano ee uu noloshiisa. Shaqada Tani waa ammaanmay Spencer, kaas oo ku dhawaaqay Faylasuuf ugu cajiib ah oo ku nool wakhtigaas.

Herbert Spencer ee 1858, ay go'aansadeen in ay ku dhawaaqi daabaco shuqullada lambarka. Arrinta ugu horeysay ee uu daabacay 1860. In muddada u dhaxaysa 1860 si ay u 1863. yimid "Mabaadi'da Aasaasiga ah". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay sabab u tahay dhibaatooyinka dhaqaale edition si dhib leh u gudubtay.

dhibaatooyinka dhaqaale

Spencer soo gaaray dhibaato iyo khasaare, ayaa qarka u of saboolnimada. Waa in aan ku daro in shaqo oo looga hortagi daal habdhiska. In 1865, falsafo qadhaadh ayaa sheegay in akhristayaasha in lagu qasbay in ay joojiyaan wax soo saarka ee taxanaha ah. Laba sano ka dib, ka dib markii Herbert aabihiis dhintay, uu dhaxal yar, taas oo ay waxoogaa way soo hagaagtay xaaladda dhaqaale ka helay.

Aqoon Youmans, oo lagu daabacay Mareykanka

Herbert Spencer waqtiga la kulmay Youmans, American ah, kuwaas oo la daabacay shuqulladiisa oo dalka Mareykanka ah. In dalka this, aad loo jecel yahay Herbert uu noqonayaa sidii hore ka badan ee England. taageero maaddi ah isaga Youmans iyo taageerayaasha American, u ogolaanaya falsafo in dib loo bilaabo daabacaadda buugaagta uu. 27 sano oo saaxiibtinimo sii Youmans iyo Spencer, si uu u dhinto ee ugu horreeyey. Name Herbert si tartiib tartiib ah loo yaqaan. baahida loo qabo buugaagta uu. Waxaana ay ku aaddan in 1875, khasaaraha dhaqaale, faa'iidada.

Spencer ka dhigaysa in sanadaha 2 safar xagga koonfureed oo dalka Yurub iyo Maraykanka, oo ku nool inta badan London. In 1886, Faylasuuf sababtoo ah caafimaadka dadka saboolka ah ayaa lagu qasbay in ay kala go'do uu 4 sano oo shaqo ah. mugga ugu danbeysay waxaa la daabacay 1896, in dayrta.

Herbert Spencer: Fikradaha aasaasiga ah

shuqulkii weynaa oo uu ( "Philosophy sindeetig") wuxuu ka kooban yahay 10 Muga. Waxaa ka mid ah "Mabaadi'da Aasaasiga ah", "Basis of cilmi nafsiga", "Foundations of Biology", "Foundations of Sociology". Faylasuuf waxay aaminsan tahay in aasaas u ah horumarka dunida oo dhan, ayaa sidoo kale ay ka mid yihiin bulshooyinka kala duwan, waa sharci evolutionary. Arrinta of "homogeneity jahwareersanaayeen" galo "heterogeneity taxan", oo la kala. sharciga Tani waa universal, ayaa sheegay in Herbert Spencer. SHARAXA KOOBAN waxaa iska dhega dhan Gudigga, laakiin yiqiin hore falsafadda ah tani waa ku filan tahay. Spencer raad ay tallaabo on qalab gaar ah dhinacyo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan taariikhda bulshada. Waxa uu diiday sharaxaad fiqi ahaaneed ee Herbert Spencer. Sociology waa wax garad oo xidhiidh la leh rabaani ah. Garashadiisii ee bulshadan u shaqayso sida u shaqeeyo nololeed ee qaybo ka mid ah wada xiriira kordhiyay kala duwan ee waxbarasho ee taariikhda iyo soo jeedinaya Faylasuuf si ay u bartaan. Sida laga soo xigtay Herbert Spencer, sharciga kortay waxaa aasaas u ah horumar. dabiiciga ah ee jebinta wax ka mid ah ujeedooyinka ay si joogto ah dib ugu gobolka hore. Tani waa organicism ee Herbert Spencer. Tan iyo qiimaha asaasiga ah iska barbaarinta characters horumar u gaabiyaa. In la xiriirta mustaqbalka ma aha sida rajo sida Mill iyo Comte, Herbert Spencer. Fikradaha ugu muhiimsan ee uu Naloo kooban ka wada hadleen.

Philosopher ku dhintay 1903, on December 8, ee Brighton. Waxa uu ku noolaa, inkasta oo uu caafimaad darro, in ka badan 83 sano.

Aragti Herbert Spencer ayaa noqday kuwa loo yaqaan in ay dad wax bartay. Maanta, si aynaan mar dambe u malaynayaa ama illoobin ku saabsan cidda leeyahay helitaanka ama fikradaas. Herbert Spencer, cilmiga iyo falsafadda taas oo door weyn ee horumarka oo fikirka adduunka, waa mid ka mid ah maskaxda ugu weyn ee taariikhda.