Habka Planetary eb ah: salaysan af iyo qoraal caddeyn la taaban karo

helitaanka electron ah markii ugu umpteenth ayaa saynisyahano adduunka oo su'aal: Waa maxay qaabka gudaha eb ah? Dabcan, in si aad u aragto xataa microscope ugu awoodda badan, sida ay u shuqulladaada oo dhan, waa wax aan macquul aheyn. Sidaa darteed, saynisyahano kala duwan ku bixiyeen version of qaab-dhismeedka gudaha eb ah.

Sidaas daraaddeed, J. Thompson jeediyay model ah oo la eb dhammaan ka kooban walxo si wanaagsan lagu soo eedeeyay gudaha oo si joogto ah u guuraan electrons xun lagu soo eedeeyay. Mawqifkaa Thompson F. Leonard horrantii qarnigii labaatanaad, waxa uu soo jeediyay in ay jiraan waa garaad a kaas oo qayb ka dhexdhexaad ah ayaa la dhaqaajin gudahood eb ah, oo ka kooban tiro siman oo electrons iyo qaar ka mid ah xubno si togan ku amray. In shuqullada Lenard, qayb waxaa loogu yeeraa dinamidy.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ugu dhamaystiran ahayd wax-u ah Planetary model la eb ee Rutherford. The saynisyahan caan runtii sameeyey taxane ah oo tijaabo on uranium, taas oo keentay in ifafaale ah ee shucaaca waxaa lagu diyaariyey iyo aragti sharxay.

Weli fekerayo waxa model ah Planetary eb waa hadal run ah ee qaab-dhismeedka element in ay cilmi baaris ugu horeeyay Rutherford soo gabagabeeyey in tamarta qarsoon gudahood eb ah, ee tobanaan kun oo jeer ka badan tamarta kelli weyn. Laga soo gabagabeeyo this, intuu ku socday inuu sharaxaad ee qaar ka mid ah ifafaale runtan, ku dooday, baniadamka, in tamarta qorraxda waa wax natiijo ah reactions joogto ah, oo ay ku jiraan qaybsama la eb ee.

Talaabada ugu muhiimsan fahamka qaab dhismeedka eb ka noqday tijaabo caanka on mooshinka qayb Alfa dhex-bireed dahab ah, tirada ugu badan ee qayb ka ah kuwan ma dhex mari aan wax isbedel ah, laakiin xubno gaar ah maratay ka iilata uu wadada. Rutherford soo jeediyay in haddii ay taasi qayb ka ah ayaa ku dhow inay waxyaalaha sida-soo oogay, kuwaas oo cabbir ayaa uga yar yahay size ee la eb yihiin. Sayidka ayaa ku dhashay model caanka Planetary dhismeedka qaaradda. Waxay ahayd guul weyn oo caalim ah.

Habka Planetary eb la soo jeediyay ee bilowgii qarnigii labaatanaad, George Stoney., laakiin waxa uu soo xirtay waxa keliya oo afka baarkiisa, halka Rutherford iyada u yimid iyada oo tijaabo, natiijada waxaa lagu daabacay in 1911 ee "Journal of Philosophy."

Sii uu tijaabo, Rutherford soo gabagabeeyey in xaddiga Alfa-Qurub si buuxda u dhiganta tirada horsanaanta ee element ee miiska ugu dhawaan la daabacay wareegsan. Barbaro ah in ay this, saynisyahan deenishka Niels Bohr, abuurista uu aragti biraha, ka dhigay daahfurka muhiim ah oo ku saabsan Galaatiya mooshinka electron ah, oo mid ka mid ah caddayn muhiim ah, in model Planetary this eb ugu dhow dhismaha dhabta ah ee ka qayb hoose. fikradaha Qubarada 'beegantay.

Sayidka, model ah Planetary qaaradda waa daraasad afka baarkiisa ah ee qaab-dhismeedka ka mid ah qayb ka hoose, ku dheehan yahay eb xarunta waa xuduntii la protons, amarka taas oo wanaagsan, iyo neutron ka koronto dhexdhexaad ah, iyo agagaarka xudunta meel fog ka, in Galaatiya si xun u guurto electrons eedeeyay.