Gorod ee Halicarnassus: taariikhda dhismaha iyo naqshadaha

U dhow magaalada Turkish ah Bodrum waxa uu ku yaalaa mid ka mid ah todobada mucjiso ee dunida - Gorod ee Halicarnassus. Waxaa kacay meeshan by fursad, sababtoo ah wakhtiyadii hore, waxaa jiray caasimadda ah ee satrapy reer Faaris ee Caria, oo loo yaqaan Halicarnassus.

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City Halicarnassus waxaa la aasaasay by Gariigta ah ee Millennium 2aad. BC. e. In dhexe ee Millennium 1st, uu hoos xukunka ahaa boqortooyadii reer Faaris. Gorod ee Halicarnassus la dhisay qarnigii 4aad. BC sida xabaashii ah carian satrap Maussollos (377g.-353 BC. e.) iyo xaaskiisa Artemisia II. Sababo la xiriira dhismaha this Maussollos bilaabay wacaya Gorod ah (Gr Mausoleion.). Dhismaha xabaashii bilaabay inta lagu jiro uu nool yahay ee Mausolus, si kastaba ha ahaatee, in dhismaha final, ma uusan ku nool. Sida ay legend, dhismaha Gorod uu hoggaaminayo Artemisia, oo jeclaaday iyada, ninkeeda iyo doonayay inuu sii hurin xusuustiisa. Sidaa darteed, ka Gorod ee Halicarnassus waxaa inta badan magacaabaa taalladii jacaylka. Waxaa soo jiidata kumanaan kun oo dalxiisayaal ah.

Gorod ee Halicarnassus dhuftay caasinimada safra for 1800 sano, laakiin in qarnigii 13aad waxaa lagu halligay dhulgariir xoog badan. Qarnigii 15-on arkaynin Guryohoodii mooyee Gorod ee Saliibiyiintu ka dhisay qalcaddii ah St. Peter. xabaashii marmar ah oo ka mid ah unugyada hore ayaa loo isticmaalaa dhismaha dhismaha this. Marka ay Saliibiyiintu ka eryay, qalcaddii noqday a Turkish Bodrum Castle. By qarnigii 19aad Gorod uu ahaa aasaaska iyo dhowr farshaxan. Bodrum Castle ee Bodrum qiimihiisu yahay ilaa hadda, iyo dhagaxyada Gorod ayaa loo arki karaa in ay qaab-dhismeedka. On dhulka xabaashii aad u aad ka arki kartaa burburka iyo madxafka oo yar oo ah taariikhda Halicarnassus.

naqshadaha

Gorod ee Halicarnassus, waqti isku mid ah door macbudka iyo Asheeraah. Its dhismaha lug ku injineero reer Greece ee lehna iyo Pytheas. No yar muhiim ah in abuurista Gorod u ciyaaray sida sculptors caanka ah, sida Scopas, Brikasid, Leochares iyo Timothy.

Sida Architecture, in dhismahan waxaa jiray isku dar ah ee Hababka. Intaa waxaa dheer, xabaashii of Mausolus qaab aan caadi ahayn oo kala duwan oo size wayn. aagga Gorod Halicarnassus ahaa 5000 m² iyo a height -. 20 m saldhig waa leydi 5-heer oo la damacsan yahay la guntooda marmar cad. dhismaha lagu ladhay frieze sculptured - reliefs marmar iyagoo muujinayay in dagaalka oo ka mid ah Gariigga iyo Amazons. Dhererka frieze ah ayaa lagu tilmaamay in uu yahay 117 m. Haddaba, qaar ka mid ah xabaalaha waa reliefs ee British Museum.

Xabaashii ku yaalla periptera, kaas oo la saaray ayaa salka ku jira. Waxa uu, ka bacdi, waxaa ku hareereysan ee columns 11-meter 39aad. Oo waxay u adeegeen sidii taageero ah saqafka. Last soo saaray sida Ahraamta degay, oo ka kooban 24 marxaladaha. At sare ee saqafka sare ee injineero waa quadriga marmar ah. Waa gaadhifaraskiisii hore jiido by afar fardaha. Waa naqshad uun of Mausolus iyo Artemisia. sarcophagi marmar laba boqortooyo oo la dhigay xabaashii gudaha. complement ugu fiican ee dhismaha u adeegi jireen sida Sidaana of fuula iyo libaaxyo marmar at cagta ee Gorod ah. Gorod ee Halicarnassus aan la jeclaan oo dhan xabaalaha oo isaga ka hor jiraye, si hagaagsan loo arkaa wax yaab leh oo adduunka ah.