Geiger counter ama qalab kale oo lagu qiyaaso heerka shucaaca

Alaabtii, oo shaqadoodu tahay si loo qiyaaso heerka shucaaca in aannu mar ee loo saarin karaa ku dhawaad in category ee macaamiisha qalabka korontada. Sidee farsamo this ka shaqeeya iyo sababta ay uu noqday sidaas oo caan ah?

Sidee u shaqeeyaan?

qalab ugu fiican u yaqaan oo caan ah oo lagu qiyaaso shucaaca - Geiger counter. Magaciisa iyo dhalashada uu leeyahay jirka Jarmal Hans Geiger, kuwaas oo loogu talagalay qalab this 1908 si wadajir ah ula saynisyahano kale si fiican u yaqaan - Ernest Rutherford. 20 sano ka dib, Geiger u noqday inuu been abuurtay iyo wada safeeyey la jirka W. Muller. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in qalab this ka badan boqol sano, waxaa la si guul leh loo isticmaalay in maalmood our. Inta badan dosimeters reerka la mid ah ee ka hawlgala mabda'a bay u yihiin.

Sidee counter Geiger ah? Its element ugu weyn - waxaa laga shaabadeeyey laba galaas ama biraha dhululubo leh isku dar ah ee gaasaska inert buuxsantay - iyakana iyo argon. Halkan, in dhululubo ah, laba electrodes waxaa lagu dhejiyay. Sida la og yahay, la ruxruxo shucaaca kobciya ee foomka of Qurub. Marka ugu yaraan mid ka mid ah qayb ka sida hoos mitirka, isku dar ah gaaska waa ionized: atamka gaaska noqon tamaraysan, fuuli Nuur kartaa. Marxaladani waxay iyo counter ma guurtada ah. Si aad u diiwaangeliso tirada dhabta ah ee qayb ka shucaaca, habka ionization waxaa loo demiyey kiimikaysan. Tani waxay dhacdaa jajab ee labaad ah gudahood. Marka la ogaado qayb shucaaca counter Geiger saarta dhawaaq suuldhabalaynta sifo.

heerka shucaaca qiyaasay in siyaabo kale. Oo ay la socdaan counters Geiger waxaa inta badan la isticmaali kiristaalo scintillator. tallaabada ah qalabka ku salaysan tahay xaqiiqada ah in qaar ka mid ah walxaha (tus, iodide sodium ama sulphide zinc) ciinwaanka ee la ogaado ee shucaaca. Number of widhwidha ku xiran baaxadda dose shucaaca oo go'an by unug khaas ah - photomultiplier ah.

Ikhtiyaar kale - hab kiimiko ogaanshaha shucaaca. Waxa uu isticmaalaa falgalka kiimikada ka dhacaya waxyaabo gaar ah ku sarkhaansan yihiin shucaaca. Tusaale ahaan, haddii ay taasi ku, chloroform decomposes iyo foomamka HCL, oo galaa reaction midabka leh dheeha ku daray in ay chloroform ah.

Halkee shucaaca waxaa lagu qiyaasaa in nolol maalmeedka?

Waayo, waxa u baahan tahay qalab this dadka aan haysan wax la xiriira la eb nabad? Inta badan, shucaaca shucaac la adeegsadaa si loo qiyaaso heerka shucaaca cuntada ama qalabka dhismaha. Sidoo kale hubiyo shucaaca karto on kaas oo la dhisay ama la qorsheeyey inuu guri u dhiso. Waxaa sidaas waxay u noqotay in muddo dheer, Dadka la iskama shucaaca, diyaarinta dhulka nuclear aaso ee meelaha ugu lama filaan ah - on dhibkani talona ama in qaar ka mid ah anigaa iska tageen. Chernobyl ayaa horseeday badan in la raadiyo shucaac indhaha kala duwan. Oo shilka la soo dhaafay ee "Fukushima" sameeyey counter Geiger iyo dosimeters kale oo caan ah.

Caadi ahaan, kormeerayaasha shucaac loo isticmaalo guriga yar yar yihiin. Waxay leeyihiin qaab, halkaas oo aad ka arki kartaa heerka shucaaca. Dosimeters noqon kartaa marinnadii iyo xakabada illinka. nooca ugu horeysay ee qalabka imaneysaa marka aad iyo aad u heer la ogolyahay ee shucaaca, kaas oo horena ay soo saaraha. Haddii audibly. dosimeters Kuwanu waa ka jaban iyo fududahay in la isticmaalo. Qalabka nooca labaad ayaa tilmaamaya heerka gaar ah ee shucaaca, heerka marinkii lagu hagaajin karo iyaga on gacanta. qalab noocan oo kale ah waa sahlan ee xirfadlayaasha marka uu qofku ogyahay waxa heerka shucaaca kiiskan waa khatar.

Sida aad arki karto, ogaado shucaaca in xaaladaha nololeed ee waa suurto gal. Laakiin joogitaanka goob shucaac ah guriga ma aad samayn xirfadle. Sidaa darteed, ku dul ogaanshaha waxyaabaha cudurka ama meelaha in lagu caawiyo by khubaro weli.