GAZ-63 - gaari Soviet. History, sharaxaad, caddaymaha,

GAZ lagu yaqaan baabuur ay. Dhexdhexaad muuqda, drive gadaal-wheel GAZ-51 ayaa noqday halyeey ka mid ah warshadaha ee baabuurka gudaha. Afar-wheel drive GAZ-63 waxayan ku hadhay xasuusta taageerayaasha oo keliya, laakiin taariikhyahanadu ma raaxeysan uu dareenka.

Taariikhda abuuraya

The gaari GAZ-AA baabuur caan ahaa oo kaliya in tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay ka hor dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. Waxaa la dhacsan iyo damiir iyo farsamo ahaan, iyo u baahan bedelka. gaari aadka loogu baahan yahay Ciidamada wheel drive dhan-dhul.

Horraantii 1938, at Gorky Automobile iyaga Plant ah. Molotov ayaa bilaabay shaqo on abuurista taxane ah oo baabuur loogu talagalay xaaladaha waddo adag. Laba iyo saddex-dhexaad oo dhan-wheel jiifku ay gaari drive khilaafeen inta badan saldhig oo dherer ah.

The ugu horeysay gudaha gaariga drive afar-wheel GAZ-63 bilaabeen taariikhda ee April 1938. Sannad ka dib, ka prototypes marka hore la dhisay, kuwaas oo markii hore loo aqoon GAZ-62. Waxay ku adkeeyey ah matoorada maaisaaniyadda ka baabuur awoodda GAZ-MM of 50 litir. a. gaari dayacan Cab isticmaalo oo ay ku-GAZ 415, jiifku ay si gaar ah loogu talagalay model this.

Tilmaamo design

Horumarinta design a qol cusub aan ku hawlan. Hawsha ugu weyn ay ahayd in la abuuro baabuur oo dhan-dhul ah, si xooga la saaray jiifku ka.

A heshiis aasaas kala duwan - engine ku yaal kor ku xusan dariiq dhexaad hore - karti leh hoos dhererka saldhigga si loo kordhiyo awoodda.

wheel hal First dhigay iyadoo hore la mid ah oo track dib, ay keentay, dhaqaalaha shidaalka ee ku drive hor-wheel la naafo karo. giraangiraha gadaal Gable in ciid iyo dhoobo lagu qasbay in ay ballaariso raad keenaysaa in isticmaalka awood xad-dhaaf ah. kiiska Transfer la dhigay si dhererka fallaadhihii rafaasad iyo in hore iyo dariiq dhexaad ka gadaal ahaa la mid ah. ganaax ku tiirsan oo dhan giraangiraha yaal ilo caleen semi-elliptic oo hore weli lahaa double-simaha absorbers lama filaan ah Haydarooliga. Haydarooliga noqday leewarka fariinka.

Horraantii 1943, gaariga bedeshay qol iyo engine ah. Iyada oo qol ka "Studebaker", wuxuu socday ilaa dhamaadka Lease Amaahi-.

Waxaa dib u bilaabay saarka gaariga this ee 1948 la qol ka mid ah GAZ-51. Cabirka GAZ-63 muuqashadii cusub doortay 5525 × 2200 × 2245 mm.

qalab milatari on salka mishiinka

Bishii Oktoobar 1943 at Automobile Gorky ee Plant bilaabay si ay u horumariyaan qori is-gano taayir leh heerkiisa madfac 76 mm a. By May 1944, nuqulka ugu horeysay la sii daayay. On labada dhinac ee qoriga waxa ay ahaayeen madax ka ah darawalka iyo taliyaha-askari. Rasaas ka koobnayd konton iyo siddeed iyo qolofka. Waxaan la diriray baabuur this dhamaadka dagaalkii labaad ee dunida.

Mawqifkaa waxaa la model horumarinta gaari xamuul ah oo ku saabsan salkeeda iftiinka gaari laba-dhexaad gaashaaman waxaa la sameeyey 1947 oo leh jirka monocoque ah, oo loo yaqaan BTR-40 ah. APC waxaa loogu talagalay sideed paratroopers. Wheelbase hoos u dhacay 600 mm, awood engine kiciyey si ay u 81 litir ah. c., korodhay xadka sare ee soo noqnoqoshada wareeg iyo cimri dherer ku allabaryaya in qalab ciidan si gaar ah uma dhaxeeyo.

Waxaa la hubeysan darandoorriga nidaamka BTR Goryunova, rasaas taas oo ka koobnayd 260 1 gulufyadii. darandoorriga The lagu rakibayaa yaabaa on dhinacyada mid ka mid ah afar dhxe. At ku dhxe isla lagu rakibi karo mashiinka qoriga DP, kuwaas oo ku yiil paratroopers hubaysan. Bedelida ah ee BTR 40A waxaa lagu rakibay mataanaha mashiinka culus qoryaha KVPT. In 1993, an side gaashaaman adeega noqday.

On jiifku ku GAZ-63 ayaa la soo saaray ee 1950 iyo madaafiic ah mashiinka dagaal gantaal BM-14 "Katyusha".

wax soo saarka mass

Tan iyo bilowgii dayrta ee 1948 bilaabeen wax soo saarka mass ah ee GAZ 63. Astaamaha by waqtiga waxaa lagu guul leh xaqiijiyay imtixaannada gobolka, inta lagu guda jiro kaas oo ay ka gudbaan u kacda ilaa 30 °, meelihii ilaa 0.9 m iyo boholo in 0.76 m qoto dheer yihiin. Isticmaalka shidaal jaban A-66 min 25 ilaa 29 litir 100 km, load on wado banaan dhaxaysey - 2.0 m, on wadada wasakh ah - 1.5 m.

khaladkaasi A weyn ee baabuurta this ayaa Degenaansho in cornering-xawaaraha sare. Ansixin ahaa 270 mm leh track cidhiidhi ah, kordhiyaa permeability ee gaariga, Laakiinse kordhinta keentay in cornering height ka olaleeyan iyo hillsides. Tani waxa ay ahayd run gaar ahaan at ad sare GAZ-63, sida basaska ama taangiyada.

In xagaagii 1968 waxaa la soo dhaafay sii daayay baabuur-soo-saarka ah. Waayo, wakhtiga oo dhan 474 kun. Baabuurta of beddelka kala duwan ayaa la soo saaray. Waxay la dhoofiyo dalalka hantiwadaagga, Finland, Bariga Dhexe, Asia iyo Africa.

dhoofinta

The GDR, Poland, Czechoslovakia iyo Yugoslavia ee Yurubta Bari, Vietnam, North Korea, Laos iyo Mongolia ee Asia, Cuba, dalalka Afrika - gobolka, taas oo siisa gaas-63. dhoofinta Price of baabuurta ahaa hooseeyo. Qalabka bixisey gudahood gargaarka siweyn looga dalalka saaxiibtinimo.

Abroad ayaa la gaarsiiyey gaari aasaasiga ah drive model afar-wheel GAZ-63 iyo 63A, 63P laakiin sidoo kale ay wax ka beddelid ee dhoofinta iyo versions kulaylaha ma aha oo kaliya, baabuurta gaashaan 63E qalabka, basaska on jiifku iyo tusaalayaal kale.

Intaa waxaa dheer, in North Korea tan iyo 1961 magaca brand Sungri-61 Sungri-61NA iyo Shiinaha tan iyo 1965 hoos brand ee Yuejin NJ230 iyo NJ230A sameeyey by baabuurta liisanka Soviet ku saleysan mashiinka this.

Dagaalka ayaa in North Korea Soviet gaari ciidan drive wheel cadeeyay inuu yahay mashiin dagaal dhab ah iyo kasbaday aqoonsi ee ciidamada.

gaari ciidan

Ka hor 1950, qol gaariga waxaa laga sameeyey oo qoryo, ka dibna albaabada biraha iyo alwaax, iyo tan iyo 1956 - loo dhan biraha. Waxa uu ahaa ciriiri ah oo qabow, design kululeeyaha keliya u muuqday sanadkii 1952, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in ay progrevateli rakibay baabuurta leh iyo bilowgii wax soo saarka pre-bilowdo.

madal Utility la isagga latticed sare taaba dhinac gaadhya qalabaysan kuraasta qaado askarigii. Tailgate ahaa jilicsan. Protected ka shiraac cimilada in taagay afar labada cirif dhajinta in kuraasta gaarka ah. height Vehicle teendhada ahaa 2810 mm.

Waxaa kor u shaqeynayaan gaariga iyo in uu jiido yaabaa isjiidka waday awooda laba tons.

gaari offroad Army GAZ-63 ayaa waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu qaado shaqaalaha, jiidaya qalab, loogu rakibo of unugyada dagaalka.

beddelka SUV

beddelka Major off-road gaari waxaa jiray laba kaliya.

Mawqifkaa waxaa la model saldhig saaray wax ka bedelidii xarig culeys lugu koriyo ah dhamaadka hore ee jir ah elongated GAZ 63A is-daryeel iyo gaadiidka kale ee xaaladaha waddo adag u. xarig culeys lugu koriyo The dherer Xadhig 65 m a actuates usheeda dhexe rafaasad via a awood qaadataan-off ka gudbinta iyo ciidan wadista horumariyo ilaa 4.5 m ka. yareeyo miisaanka gaadhiga 240 kg ka badan model aasaasiga ah.

In 1958, gaari xamuul ah GAZ-63P, ayaa la sii daayay ka siibasho wheel in awoodda load is uniaxial ilaa afar metric shaqeeyaan. The giraangiraha gadaal of cagaf ah ayaa Gable. Iyo sanadka soo socda, warshad ka bilaabay saara cagaf gaari GAZ-63D. In uu design, ka duwan beddelka hore ka mid ahaa gear PTO iyo wax soo saarka ah si farsamaysan wadida design tipper is hab ay.

baabuur khaas ah oo ku salaysan SUV ah

gaadidka shidaalka, baabuur saliid, taangiyada caanaha, basaska, garaashyada mobile, shaqaalaha caafimaadka iyo tababarayaasha, rakibaadda jeermi, mishiinnada fur-rotor socday oo ku saleysan GAZ-63. Dab isgaarsiinta gaariga iyo nalalka, taangiga sii daayay dhowr beddelka warshad Vargashinsky qalabka la dagaalanka dabka. bacda Shaqaalaha iyo dab baabuur ayaa la soo saaray ee Moscow ee warshad matoorada dabka.

Waayo, ciidamada, marka lagu daro ku dayashada aasaasiga ah, shaqaalaha caafimaadka iyo tababarayaasha, gaashaan la xidhiidha diiran oo dhagan ee mashiinada soo saaray dilista iyo tiixo DDA-53A, waayo sanitization berrinkii shaqaalaha, dilista iyo disinfestation dharka iyo qalabka. kuleeliyaha uumi Rakibaadda bixisey shidaalka ama qoryo dareere ah, kuna waari dhexdeeda cadaadis qalliinka ahaa atmosfeerta afar, kuleeliyaha-accumulator, bamka gacanta ah, paroelevatorom, qalab gacanta, labada gole jeermi furan iyo qubayska iyo toban screens qubeyska.

astaamaha farsamo

Tan iyo geedka ku dhowaad waa waqti isku mid ah abuuray gaari ciidan rayidka GAZ-51, inta badan unugyada iyo faahfaahinta ahaa midaysan, taas oo loo ogol yahay muddo si ay u ururiyaan mashiinada kuwaas on line ah shirka hal, oon si loo yareeyo kharashka iyo fududeeyo howlgalka kiniisadda.

SUV ciidanka Engine rakibay la GAS-51-lix Carburetor mugga nizhneklapannym of CU 3.5 kun.. cm. A korontada yar 70 l. a. iyo xawaaraha 65 km / h magdhow reserve load a buuxa oo aan shidaal kaga 780 km.

Laba Haamaha Shiidaalka, weyn iyo sub, xaddiga shidaalka siiyey ku dhawaad 200 oo litir oo shidaal. GAZ-63 (naaftada) muuqday embodiments kala duwan iyo saanacyadii safeeyey macmalay ilaa haatan.

Gudbinta in this afar baabuur, xajin --hal disk, qalalan, in kiiska kala iibsiga - laba heer oo Splitter, taas oo ku qalabeysan yahay ma aha oo kaliya hoos u, laakiin sidoo kale la isugu gudbiyo oo toos ah si loo yareeyo isticmaalka shidaalka waddooyinka.

GAZ-63 ahaa Hardy, undemanding iyo fududahay in la isticmaalo, ayaa dhaqaajinta sare, si astaamahaan mahad waxaa soo saaray ku dhawaad labaatan sannadood. Waxaa hadda loo arki karaa, ma aha oo kaliya ka mid ah taageerayaasha - iyadoo ilaalinta tartamada, laakiin sidoo kale waddooyinka. Its qiimaha bedbeddeso on baabuur 60 ilaa 450 kun, iyadoo ku xiran xaalada iyo joogitaanka qaybo hooyo iyo kiniisadaha.