Garry Kasparov, ciyaaryahanka chess ah: Biography, photos, dhalashadiisa

Nolosha hanad caanka chess Garry Kasparov waa sida kala duwan sida uu maanka gorfaynta cajiib ah. guul ka walwalsan in dunida chess, bixitaanka kadis ah si ay ugu xumaa warkiisii, hawlaha suugaanta iyo siyaasadda - waxa kaliya ay qeyb yar oo ka mid ah guulaha Grandmaster weyn. Indeed, wakiilada weyn aadanaha yihiin wajiyo badan iyo tayo leh in wax walba.

carruurnimada

April 13, 1963 Baku ku dhawaaqay ilmaha qaylinaya horyaalka soo socda chess. Waalidiinta, Vaynshteyn Kim Moiseevich iyo Kasparyan Klara Shagenovna, waxay ahaayeen si weyn ugu faraxsan. Labada ahaayeen rag u gaarka ah injineernimada, laakiin jeclaa in halka iska chess fiidkii ciyaareed ah.

Little Garik Kasparov (ciyaaryahanka chess mustaqbalka) laga bilaabo da'da hore tusay sirdoonka caadi ahayn iyo wax kasta on Daqsi oo Tumeeya. Baxaday oo dhan socod baradka cajiib ah daawashada dagaalo chess hooyooyinka iyo aabayaasha, aadeen sida geed isbonji la, cayn kasta oo ah tabaha iyo xal. Maalin maalmaha ka mid, arrin lama filaan ah, at da'da 5 sano, soo jeediyay in hab ka mid ah dhibaato chess ah, kaas oo waalidiintu ay burburiyeen. Halkaa marka ay marayso, Kim Moiseevich arkay in uu ina horyaal mustaqbalka.

In 1970, dhimasho aabbihiis ka dib, taageere chess yar uu bilaabo inuu booqo qaybta hoose oo ka mid ah Palace ee Horseedka. Sannaddii kowaad oo tababar heshay darajo saddexaad, iyo waxa laga furay jidka ee tartamada caalamiga ah.

Laga soo bilaabo in uu bilaabo safarka joogtada ah. Kasparov (ciyaaryahanka chess), dhalasho dhashay nin Yuhuud ah, wakhtigaas hantiyeen magaca sonorous Weinstein. Oo hooyadiis ogaaday in waxa uu noqon lahaa kuwo ku adag in ay gaaraan guul hawlaha chess. Iyo sanadkii 1974 uu jiro isbedel magaca Kasparov. Haddaba yar Garik waa Armenian. Hadda aragti this muuqan kara qalaad, laakiin waqti in ay ahayd go'aan kaliya xaq. cadaadis Anti-Semitic lagama yaabo in uu noqdo nin Yuhuudi ah oo ku guuleysto iyo inuu ku guuleysto warkiisa isboortiga chess ah.

Guushii ugu horeysay ee ciyaaryahanka chess dhallinyarada

Bilow xirfado ciyaaryahan chess dhallinyarada ahaa quruxsan fudud. Guusha la socda ilmaha tayo leh. In 1973 ee Vilnius in ciyaaryahanka chess Games Youth All-Midowga Kasparov helaa hage ah in qofka of sayidkii sports Aleksandra Nikitina. Adkaado ciyaartoyda da'da yar, Nikitin isaga siinayaa talo ku meelaynta dugsi qoto-dheer daraasadda of art chess bilowga ah ee Mikhail Botvinnik. Aan ka fikirin laba jeer, in isla sanadkaas, Garik la socday hooyadiis u soo diray inuu Dubna, halkaas oo aan wax dhibaato ah uu yimid on tababarka. Muddo ka dib, wuxuu leeyahay wiil Botvinnik iyo isaga qaadataa hoos garabka, siinta taageero kasta oo suurta gal.

Sannad ka dib Kasparov - ciyaaryahan chess warqad caasimadda ah - markii ugu horeysay uu noqdo xisbi horyaalka dhallinyaro ah ee USSR. Markan, isagu waa ciidan uun meesha 7aad badan enthralls daawashada, sababtoo ah da'da ka qaybgalayaasha kale ugu yaraan 6 sano jir wax yar ka hor chess. sanadka soo socda, durkiyo ilmaha soo laabtay tartanka oo ku guuleystay Oramada. Halkaa marka ay marayso, tayada yar inay aragto wareegyada sare ee ciyaarta of chess, iyo tan iyo markaas aan la yareeyo Ha Laabeen Indhahooda, daawashada guulaha yar yar Garik.

Horeba in muddo 15 sano ah, ninkii isboortiga heshay ciyaarta of chess, ilmaha cajiib ah ka qeyb doorashada ee dalka u horyaalada waa weyn. Mar kale ku guuleystay. In 1980 ee Baku at ciyaaryahan chess soo socda tartanka Garry Kasparov helo horyaalka GM, kaga adkaatay Igorya Zaytseva - tababare oo uu soo horjeeda mustaqbalka Anatoly Karpov.

Real laba "K" horyaalka ee "World Champion"

In 1984, Kasparov (ciyaaryahanka chess) isku iyadoo hadda horyaalka chess dunida Anatoliem Karpovym. La dagaallama oo doonaya inay sida ugu fiican ee labada nuuga iyo dib u muddo 10 sano ah. waagaas oo dhan, iyada oo dunida ka daawanayay dagaalka laba ka mid ah ciyaartoyda ugu weyn.

Dhowr madfac ayaa wuxuu marka hore uu bilaabo xilliga dayrta ee 1984. Iyada oo wixii dareenka ciyaarta waa dunida oo dhan. xafiiltanka ka leeyahay xad waqti oo final waa in ay ahaataa guul 6 ka mid ah ka qaybgalayaasha. Casri ah xisbiga, xiisad cajiib ah ma siin in aad isku dejiso qof. Quest ayaa dib loo dhigay, waayo, 159 maalmood oo suurto gal ah sii socon karo dheer, laakiin Madaxweynaha Chess Federation International go'aansado inuu dagaal chess ah kala go'do. Natiijadan ayaa waxa uu noqonayaa barbaro iyo horyaalka, sida ay xeerarka, waa Karpov. In xafiiltanka epochal u dhaxaysa laba ciyaaryahan oo waa weyn waxaa ka mid ah in taariikhda chess sida ugu horeysay oo dagaal chess diiqid kaliya.

Kasparov iyo Karpov mar kale la kulmi dagaal weyn, lix bilood ka dib. Markan dagaalka ku eg tahay 24 xisbi. November 9 markii ay ciyaarta waxaa 13:11 Garry Kasparov - sayidkiisa chess, kuwaas oo Biography xiiso leh taageerayaasha ay - Ku Guuleystay guul u qalantay oo noqday horyaalka ugu da'da yaraa ee dunida. Halkaa marka ay marayso, waxa uu sano 22 jir.

In ka badan 10-ka sano ee soo socda, labada ciyaaryahan chess cajiib ah soo food saartay saddex dagaal kale. Laakiin mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah uu dhammaanayo guul Kasparov.

nolosha horyaalka

On helo horyaalka ee horyaalka adduunka ee ciyaarta of chess, Kasparov ayaa si joogta ah ayaa xaqiijiyay in ay kartina u gaar ah. Waxa uu ku guuleystay tartanka, ku guuleystay ciyaaryahan cajiib ah.

Isla mar ahaantaana, Kasparov ahaa ay guushu ku furitaanka Chess Ururka Professional (PCA), taas oo xanbaarsan yahay xaddi gaar ah oo kulan oo tartamada.

In 1993, hanad ee chess soo baxa niyad ah (Organization Chess International) oo ahaa ku dhawaad diiday oo dhan horyaal, horyaal iyo meelaha in qiimeynta adduunka ee. Laakiin markii qaar ka mid ah ka dib, caddaalad ahaaday, iyo horyaalka dib ugu qofkii lahaa eeliyaa.

Wakhtigan, Garri Kimovich ka qayb qaatay hawlaha bulshada. Ka furmay dugsiga talanti oo dhallinyaro ah, si kasta oo ay taageertaa horumarinta chess ee dalal kala duwan. Photo-Kasparov chess bartaan dunida oo dhan.

Real aadanaha-computer

In 1996, ka abuuray of technology computer ka doodid horyaalka, oo isna ma uusan ka waaban inaad tan aqbashaan. Iyada oo ku saleysan aqoon korodhsiga iyo xiiso, ciyaaryahan cajiib ah u imanayaa inuu Luulyo leh mishiinka. Lugta hore ayaa ka dhigeysa guushii nin, inkastoo Kasparov lumiyo hal kulan. Iyo in May 1997, intii ay socotay ciyaartii labaad adkaaday Kasparov iyo guuleystaha kulanka uu noqdo kombiyuutarka.

Ka dib markii laga badiyay 2 jeer ka badan GM galo dagaal chess la mishiinka ah oo wuxuu galay. Labada jeer, natiijada noqdo barbaro.

Muddo sanado ah, danta Kasparov in technology computer uusan ka demayn, oo ka wakiil ah la sii daayo dhawr barnaamij chess xiiso leh.

khibradiisa siyaasadeed

In kasta oo shaqada weyn ee horumarka xirfadiisa ciyaaraha, tababar joogto ah, ilaalada, Kasparov siyaasadda waalan weeyaan.

Ka dib markii burburiyo tallaabo ee Baku 1990, kooxda heysata horyaalka dhaqaaqay isaga iyo qoyskiisa in ay Moscow oo ku lug leh hawlaha siyaasadda ee dalka. ciyaaryahan Chess ay guushu ku hordhaca ah ee dimuqraadiyadda iyo ku hawlan horumarinta ee xisbiga Dimuqraadiga.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, mustaqbalkiisa siyaasadeed ee ciyaaryahanka chess caanka ah waa in kasii darto. Xubin ka mid ah ololaha doorashada, dhaqdhaqaaqe abuurka ee xisbiga - ciyaaryahan chess cajiib ah horay ma qiyaasi kartaa nolol aan siyaasadda, weyn ee ay xoogga taas oo weli waa dal dimoqraadi ah.

Dayactirka ka mid ah xirfadiisa ciyaaraha

Dayrta 2000 ayaa noqonaya ilaa xad u calaamadsan nolosha ee Grandmaster.
tartanka soo socda si ay u aqoonsadaan hogaamiyaha ciyaarta hore gudahood, Vladimir Kramnik waa guul dheeraad ah oo ku guuleystay ciyaaryahanka ugu chess weyn. Kasparov jireyso noqon horyaalka adduunka ah, laakiin si rasmi ah oo kaliya.

Ka dib markii laga badiyay Garri Kimovich, isagoo shaqsiyad kala weji duwan, run ahaantii ma murugsanayn oo dheeraad ah 5 sano sii wadaan in ay ka qeyb qaataan tartamada kala duwan chess iyo horyaalka. Dabcan, korodhsi guulo badan.

Oo on March 10 2005 sanadka si lama filaan ah ku dhawaaqay qorshe uu kusoo afjaro xirfadeyda ciyaareed chess ah. Laga soo bilaabo in, Ujeeda ugu weyn ee uu shaqada uu noqonayaa siyaasad, taas oo Kasparov idinla hoobto.

hawlaha suugaanta

Bilowga dhaqdhaqaaqa ee chess ah Olympus Kasparov qoray articles arrin inta badan, waxaa lagu daabacay in publications kala duwan.
Intaa waxaa dheer in uu ku qoran dhowr buugaag ku saabsan kulan chess maamulka iyo dhammaad.

Sanadkii 1987 uu daabacay, buug-ka buugiisa ku, "Child of Change". Buuggan waxaa lagu daabacay English, oo sow kuma qorna uu gacanta u gaar ah by, iyo kirjallinen wariye maxali ah. Markaasaa Kasparov sii daayay dhowr buugaagta, iyagoo u kali yeeli kulanka qadiimiga la jecel yahay.

nolosha Personal

nolosha Wadnaha ee ah ciyaartoyda chess caanka ah sida kala duwan sida jihada ay waxqabad ee dunida ka baxsan.

In 1986, yiqiin la Mariey Arapovoy. Young iyo jacayl galo isbahaysiga rasmi ah laba sano ka dib, iyo ka dib markii saddex kale ee qoyska waa buuxsameen. Oo ku dhashay gabadh cajiib ah - Pauline. Laakiin dhibaatooyinka nolol maalmeedka, naagtii jecel yahay dagaal lala galo ma hooyadiis yar qaaliga horseedayaan burburka qoyska, iyo in 1993 laba ka dhigi soo baxay furiinka. Muddo ka dib, ku-xaaskiisii hore iyo gabadhiisa Polina ka baxaan dalka oo hadda ku nool dalka Mareykanka.

Saddex sano ka dib, ciyaaryahanka chess Garry Kasparov, kuwaas oo Biography waxaa lagu tilmaamay in maqaalka, wuxuu bilaabaa inuu ku beerma dareenno ardayga dhalinyaro ah, oo waxay soo gebogebeeyay guurka rasmi ah. Kasparov dhashay wiil. Laakiin guurka ma farxad iyo darfihiisa ma keeno furiinka 2005. Kasparov markaas guursadaa peterburzhenke Dare Tarasovoy. Xaas u dhashay laba carruur ah - oo ina Nicholas iyo gabadhiisa Aida.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, magaca ciyaaryahanka chess ah Kasparov loo yaqaan adduunka oo dhan. Garri Kimovich waa Masterka buure ee farshaxanka chess, dhaadhacay taariikhda. chess dhowr guuleystay Oscar iyo guuleystay. Nin la taagyeero adkeysiga soo jireenka ah ee uu qof xoog, Oo Difaacay views uu dunida oo dhan. Man, taas oo ka dib markii dhamaadka safarka nolosha hadli doonaa oo ka koobanahay halyeeyada.