Gantaalka ridada "Stiletto": Tilmaamo iyo sawirka

Gantaal "Stiletto» (SS-19, Stiletto ah), sida ay ag maraaba soocidda NATO, ama MS-18 UR-100N fasalka UTTKh iyada sumadda wadankan, weli mid ka mid ah ugu horumarsan Intercontinental gantaalaha ballistic (ICBMs) ee dunida. Markaasaa waxaa taas ay jirto xaqiiqda ah in adeegga ee gantaalaha Ciidamada Strategic, iyadu helay in ka badan 40 sano ka hor ...

Ra'yiga Chelomeya

In xilliga dayrta hore ee 1969 KBM dhexe, kaas oo uu madax ka V. N. Chelomey, wada jir ah ula laanta №1 CDBMB, by V. N. Bugaysky faray, wuxuu bilaabay horumarinta ah Intercontinental ballistic gantaal Rs-18 "Stiletto" class "dhulka-dhulka" .

Tan iyo markii shaqada on mashruuca, V. N. Chelomey isku dayeen in ay raacaan fikirka, kaas oo ku salaysan abuurista nadaamka gantaal lagu kalsoonaan karo oo wax ku ool ah, taas oo haddii ay taasi ku lahaa qiimo jaban. hab noocan ah u badinayo tirada guud ee gantaalaha la geeyay in ku dhawaad 100% damaanad qaaday aargoosi haddii ay dhacdo gardarada nuclear, maxaa yeelay, cadowgii si fudud u badan oo aan loo xakameeyo laga yaabaa kala firdhiyey oo dhan rido dalka.

Imtixaanka ugu horeysay ee gantaalada ee goobta of Baikonur bilaabay April 1973 oo ahaa guul u soo dhammaystay bishii October 1975. Dhamaadkii bishii December ee isla sannadkaas, ka Rs-18 ayaa waxaa lagu ansixiyay in ciidamada istiraatiiji ah Soviet.

flash The lama filaan ah digsiga

Laakiin ka dib markii goob cusub gantaalo ku saabsan dagaal waajib shaqo adag tahay in la hagaajin lahaa sifooyinka (UTTKh) ayaa sii. Sababta tani ahayd dhacdo ku dhacay intii lagu jiray bilowga ah ee soo socota "Stiletto."

USSR Wasaaradda Difaaca hanuuniyo go'aansaday ku dhaqanka si loo hubiyo tilmaamayaasha waafaqsan gantaalo kala duwan oo duulimaad, lagu qeexay sifooyinka kartiyeed (10,000 km), tan iyo ilaa this dhibic Rs-18 dhab duulay kaliya 7,500 km (meel fog ka soo Baikonur si Kamchatka). Markan bilowday "Stiletto" lagu qabtay Badweynta Pacific. natiijada baaritaanka ahaa lama filaan ah - gantaalka ku dhacay gaaban ee la siiyay square 2000 km.

baaritaan shaaca ka qaaday in sababta ku dhacaan waxay ahayd sidii loo xoojin lahaa gariirka keeni karo guryaha Rs-18 Waxaa la wada baabbi'iyey. Gariirka ayaa sidoo kale ka dhacay ka dib markii gantaal saarta qayb weyn oo ka mid ah shidaalka, taasoo keentay in miisaanka lumay badan. Tani state of arrimaha ahaa gebi ahaanba la aqbali karin. Gantaal New lahaa inay si degdeg ah u dhameystiro.

Casriyeeyay "Stiletto"

Ka dib markii heysa ka dhacay samaynta lahaa ku dhowaad gebi ahaanba dib u mishiinka, waqti isku mid ah ay sabab u tahay isbedelka weyn u hagaajin karo waxqabadka. First of dhan, isbedelka la sameeyey:

• matoorada gudahood block xawaaraha;
• Hab kontaroolo,
• unit wadar ahaan labada lug-qalab, unugyada dagaalka waardiyayaasha.

Natiijadan ayaa lagu gaadhay hufnaan ugu badan ee suuragalka ah ee qaab-dhismeedka oo dhan "Stiletto." Haddaba astaamaha diyaarad ay xitaa ka badan ayaa sheegay in sifooyinka waxqabadka.

In 1977 wuxuu bilaabay wareeg cusub oo baaritaan duulimaadka ku soo hagaagtay Rs-18B gantaal (UR-100N UTTKh) dhamaatay laba sano ka dib, iyo in December 1980 la kordhiyo "Stiletto" (PC-18B), ayaa sidoo kale ansixiyay in gantaalaha Ciidamada Strategic .

ciidamo ka mid ah set cusub oo ICBMs

ciidamo ka mid ah set cusub oo gantaallo hagaagtay sii waday ilaa 1984. Deployable la bedeli isku mar ah "jir ah", "stiletto" si, version a modified cusub. By 1983, oo dhammuna taagan yihiin in ay database Rs-18 gantaal ayaa la bedelay PC-18B. Under gantaal this si gaar ah loogu rido dhulka hoostiisa la tallaabooyin ammaanka la xoojiyay. The guutada gantaalaha ugu horeysay ku hubaysan ICBMs ayaa lala simay, database ayaa la wareegay bishii Janaayo 1981. All in ay dhamaadka ah la geeyo dhismaha on ilaalinta oo ka mid ah dalka ayaa 360 gantaal oo waxaa loo soo dhiibay.

Gantaal sifooyinka "Stiletto"

• Culayska ugu gantaal ku bilaabatay - 105 m 600 kg.
• qaybo Miisaanka waaleen - 4 t 350 kg.
• IDB dhererka - 24 m 30 cm.
• Dhexroor - 2.5 m.
• madaxyada masaafada loo shubay ee suuragalka ah - in ka badan 10 000 km.
• saxnaanta nabar - 350 mitir.
• Engine - nooca dareeraha.
• awoodda guud ee madaxyada nukliyeerka - 3,300 KT.

gantaal wuxuu isticmaalaa MIRV (MS) ay leeyihiin nooca MIRV ah, i.e., oo ka kooban blocks siday warhead ah, mid kasta oo la siiyo nidaamka Hanuun u gaar ah iyo suurtagalnimada of beddelo maxsuulka dambe ay doonayaan si toos ah ka hor inta aadan bilaabin. Just gantaalo warhead jira lix halbeeg sida.

Sidoo kale, "Stiletto" qalabeysan yahay habka ugu fiican in ay ka gudbaan nidaamka cadowga difaaca.

"Stiletto" nidaam ay gacanta ku

Ballistic gantaal "stylet" qalabaysnayn la goboleedka control system (taladadii), kaas oo si wadajir ah ula dhulka fog amarka xarunta (CP), si joogto ah kormeerayaasha oo dhan nidaamka labada gantaal iyo Launcher. gantaal Translation hab dagaal fog ka KP ah.

Rs-18 Nidaamka Shiidaalka

Gantaal "Stiletto" qalabeysan yahay "Haamaha Shiidaalka ampulizirovannymi '.

Isticmaalka nidaamka this badbaadiyey markabka a at dhawaaqay "Alarm" ku saabsan baahida loo qabo in dib u shidaal qaadasho gantaal ay gacanta ka hor inta ay ku bilaabatay, taas oo inta badan keentay in yaacin ee heptyl, taas oo ah mid ka mid ah propellants ugu sun ah. Release of uumi walax this hawada ugu yaraan ku hanjabay sumoobo daran, iyo sidoo kale ugu badnaan - dilaa. Si looga fogaado xaaladaha la mid ah, sidoo kale si loo dardar-habka diyaarinta ee gantaalada ee la bilaabay, QPR-18 gantaal injineerada uqaabaynta nidaamka shidaalka. version cusub ee threading sameeyey Warshadda in fijaan oo gaar ah. Taasi waa, database dhigay off gantaal si buuxda u Marexaan iyo ma u baahan tahay kor u sareesa in ka kaxayntu ka database iyo qori-offs.

Waxaa intaa dheer, gantaal "stylet" lagu meeleeyay weel gaadiidka, kaas oo sidoo kale waa bilaabo. Taasi waa, ka qodaa Rs-18 hoos ururinta, wada jir ah ula weelka. Tani waxay xaqiijisay hawlgalka free of dhammaan hababka ICBM muddo dhan ay hawlgalka.

nidaamka propulsion The MS-18

nidaamka propulsion ee ah gantaalaha ballistic Rs-18 "Stiletto" Intercontinental ay waqti fiican u yaabaa in loo tixgeliyo mid gaar ah. In marxaladda Mudanayaasha labada u dhisid ah hoos u ah Sheelare unit caadi ah.

Haamaha Shiidaalka, taas oo, dhab ahaantii, mashquulin 80% ee aagga isticmaali karo ee jirka gantaalo ah, ayaa la beddelay xubno side. dib u dhiska Tani ayaa hoos u miisaanka guud ee "Stiletto", taas oo ka badan is haysta.

In "Stiletto" jidhka ee Marxaladda koowaad uu leeyahay afar propulsion nooca dareeraha engine la nozzles Rotary. Mid ka mid ah engine lagu jiro dayuurada loo isticmaalaa in lagu xakameeyo oo ilaaliyaan hab la doonayo of shaqeeya nidaamka propulsion oo dhan.

In talaabada labaad ee labadii motor ku rakiban: waaraha iyo shukaanta.

Qaybta madaxa (MS) Intercontinental ballistic "Stiletto" gantaal

MS The kala Rs 18 unit ku dhajinta ka kooban nidaam ay gacanta aaladaha iyo qalabka propulsion loogu talagalay submunitions Barxo ah. Taasi waa, gantaalada "stylet" ee MS taas oo ka kooban 6 unugyada nuclear madaxbanaan oo leh ujeeddooyin shakhsi ah, iyaga xanbaarsan yahay in gargaarka si tartiib ah. Dulqaadanayn xiriir element dagaalka ee bartilmaameedku yahay 350 mitir, iyadoo meelaha nabar mas'uul nuclear ah oo miisaankeedu yahay 550 kg oo aan si gaar ah muhiim.

Lisitaanka UR-100N UTTKh

Halabuurka ee dagaalka laga bilaabo adag UR-100 H UTTKh ka mid ah:

• 10 rido gantaalo ku rakiban ee Fididda 15P735 (anigaa).
• barta taliska (52U 15B);
• dayactirka iyo salka farsamo.

Mid kasta oo ka gantaal uu leeyahay ay hawshooda u ah circuit heleynin gaas-firfircoon oo ay qaadanayso off, tegaayo weel gaadiidka iyo bandhigista rakibay in usheeda dhexe ku Hanuuniyaa gaarka ah. Loo baahan yahay si ay u bilaabaan nidaamka propulsion ahbaa ciidamada jar, oo ku yaalla marxalada koowaad.

In lagu gano anigaa ku weelka loo helo iyadoo la kaashanayo absorbers shoog-qabadka sare siiyo badbaado dheeraad ah loogu rakibo haddii ay dhacdo weerar nuclear. Waayo, nidaamyada ilaalinta "Stiletto" iyo in la abuuro weel microclimate gaadiidka loo baahan yahay iyo bandhigista kuwaas oo waxaa ku yaal, waxaa ka buuxsamay nitrogen (gaaska ah inert).

Si joogto ah u soo if-gantaal imtixaanka dhexe ee caadiga ah (3 biloodba mar), iyo xeerarka ugu muhiimsan - oo saddexdii sannadoodba mar.

halaynta sare - fure u tahay cimri dheer

Sababo la isku halaynta sare iyo sifooyinka qaab fiican, "Stiletto", ayaa xaqiijiyay in ka badan 150 furayey (tijaabada iyo tababaraha), wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay kordhiyaan muddada damaanad ah adeeg ka mid ah Lisitaanka, taas oo markii hore ahayd 10 sano jir ah.

Go'aanka in ay sii dheehan waano hubaysan ee group ICBM Rs-18 ilaa 2030 ayaa loo qaaday ka dib markii la bilaabay guul, kaas oo ka dhacay dayrta 2006. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in a ordaya "stiletto" waxa uu ahaa in ka badan 20 sano, ma aysan saameyn qaab.

Sidoo kale dhawaan la iibsaday by Russia kaydiyaa bakhaarada ee Ukraine marxalad cusub, waayo, PC-18 ee qadarka 30 xabbadood in cusbooneysiin doonaa horeba ahayd on nidaamka database "stilettos" ah. By habka, update this ahaa lama filaan xun cadow ka iman kara Russia, arko in da 'ka iman kara nuclear ee dalka hadda lama xanbaarsan khatar ah in uu ka hor wakiil. Laakiin waxaa ka leexatay in si degdeg ah ugu farxay. Tani waxaa xaqiijiyay gacanta bilowga soo socda "Stiletto."

khubarada Maraykanka ayaa aaminsan in gantaalaha ballistic Rs-18 "Stiletto" waa mid ka mid ah waxyaabaha teknoolajiyada ugu horumarsan tan iyo dagaalkii qaboobaa. Waxaa la xusay in haddii ay dhacdo weerar nuclear on Russia jawaab ka qaateen gantaalo SS-19 dhici doona seddex daqiiqo ka dib.

Control Start "Stiletto"

October 25, 2016 lagu qaaday gantaalaha "Stiletto" in si cad ah. Rs-18 bilaabay meel meel, oo ku yaalla dhulka Yasnenskoy Division RVSN (gobolka Orenburg, cad ah), degaanka ee qubka, oo ku yaalla Kamchatka. Ujeedada bilowga ahayd si ay u tijaabiso xasiloonida duulimaadka soo jireenka ah iyo sifooyinka farsamo gantaal ah, oo xidhiidh la leh kordhin xiga ee nolosha hawsheeda.

Sida laga soo xigtay warbixin ay daabacday adeeg-saxaafadeed of morphine ah, baaritaanka waa guul.

Gantaal "Stiletto" (bilowga photo kaas oo sidoo kale wakiil ciidamada), si cad, oo aan wax kala carar farsamo sameeyey barnaamijka imtixaanka oo dhan. Waxa ay ahayd xaqiijinta kale oo isku halaynta ee dhismaha, iyo awoodda in ay sii wadaan si ay ula dagaallanto waajib, kor u hayo in ay calaamaddu ku taal difaaca Ruushka.