Taangiga iftiin Soviet T-26. T-26: sifooyinka, taariikhda abuurista, qaab-dhismeedka

gaadiidka dagaalka iftiin Soviet, loo isticmaalo in badan oo ka mid ah colaadaha ka mid ah 1930 iyo dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, wuxuu ahaa kii ugu-T 26. taangiga waxaa soo saaray in tiro ka weyn (in ka badan 11 000 unug), ka badan kasta oo kale oo ka mid ah xilliga. In 1930, ee Soviet Union 53 T-26 Lahjadaha Waxaa la soo saaray, oo ay ku jiraan haanta flamethrower, gaari injineer dagaalka, a taangiyada meesha fog laga maamulo, qoriga is-baasuukayaal, cagaf madaafiic iyo gaashaaman side shaqaalaha. Saddex iyo labaatan iyaga ka mid ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo ganacsi la heli karo, iyo inta kale - ee lagu daydo tijaabo ah.

asalka British

T-26 ahaa noocooda ah - taangiga British Mar.-E, kaas oo lagu horumariyo by shirkadda "Vickers-Armstrong" ee 1928-1929. Simple oo fudud si ay u ilaaliyaan, waxa loogu talo galay in loo dhoofiyo dalalka yar teknoolajiyada horumariyo, oo USSR, Poland, Argentina, Brazil, Japan, Thailand, Shiinaha iyo qaar kale oo badan. "Vickers" xayaysiiyo uu taangiga in publications military, iyo Midowga Soofiyeeti muujiyay rabitaanka horumarinta this. Under heshiiska saxiixay May 28, 1930, shirkadda u dhiibay si ay USSR 15 mashiinada laba-munaaraddii (Nooca A, oo sita laba qoryaha darandooriga, "Vickers" heerkiisa 7.71 mm, biyo-qaboojiyey) la waraaqo farsamo buuxda ee ay wax soo saarka mass. Joogitaanka laba munaaradaha in la wareejiyo si madax-bannaan loo oggol yahay karaan si ay labada bidix iyo midig waqti isku mid ah ugu ganaan, wakhtigaas loo arkaa faa'iido wanaagsan ee xalkaas ka mid ah qalcad beerta. Dhowr injineerada Soviet ka qaybgalay shirkii reer taangiyada on the "Vickers" warshad in 1930. Ilaa iyo dhamaadka sanadkan in USSR helay ugu horeeyay ee nooca afar Mar.-E A.

bilowga saarka taxane

In USSR ah, ka dibna kaliya aan ka shaqeeyey guddi gaar ah, oo shaqadoodu ahayd doorashada ee taangiyada shisheeye tarankooda. Ingiriisi Haanta Mar.-E ayaa helay waraaqo ee naqshada ku meel gaar ah B-26. Xilliga jiilaalka 1930-1931 sano goobta u dhow Poklonnaya imtixaanka göra laba ka mid ah mashiinada, kuwaas ayaa la sameeyay, waxay si guul leh u soo gudbay. Sidaas darteed, bishii Febraayo, waxaa la go'aamiyay inuu ku soo bilowdo in ay wax soo saarka ee USSR waxay hoos-T 26.

taangiga of Dufcaddii ugu horeysay ee tijaabo ah, ka dhisteen qalabaysan Soviet-ka sameeyey, ayaa la imtixaanay caabiga qoriga iyo dab mashiinka-qori xagaaga soo daahay ee 1931, uu rasaas ka dhacaysa qoryaha iyo qoryaha darandooriga "Maxim" la wareeg caadiga ah iyo hub-dusaya ka fogaan ah 50 mitir. Waxaa la ogaaday in taangiga dab dhaawac yar soo gaaray (kaliya rivets qaar ka mid ah ayaa ay waxyeello). Falanqaynta Chemical muujisay in taargooyinka hubkiisa hore la sameeyey ee hubka u ahama, halka saqafka iyo saxanka hoose munaaradaha lagu sameeyey bir caadiga ah. Inkasta oo wax soo saarka hubka u warshad Izhora, loo isticmaalo model ugu horeysay ee T-26, liita ee tayo leh Ingiriisi ah ay sabab u la'aanta ah ee qalabka casriga ah qodniinka- in USSR.

Horumarinta ah wax ka bedelidii ugu horeysay ee 1931

injineerada Soviet waxaa si fudud ma soo noqnoqda 6-ton "Vickers". Waa maxay waxyaabaha cusub ay qabaan in a T-26? Taangiga ee 1931, iyo sidoo kale ay noocooda British, lahaa qaabeynta laba-munaaraddii leh laba qoryaha darandooriga, mid ka mid ah munaarad kasta. Farqiga ugu muhiimsan ee u dhaxeeya ahaa in ay ahaayeen sare oo la mid wangsan oo dhawrid ku munaarad T-26 ah. munaaraddii Soviet lahaa fasax wareeg ah, waayo, Degtyareva qoriga taangiga, ka duwan qaab ah loo adeegsado dhismaha asalka ah si ay u qori British "Vickers". qaybta hore ee jidhka ayaa sidoo kale wax yar ka bedelay.

Kiisaska T-26 ayaa leh laba munaaradaha ayaa la soo ururiyay oo isticmaalaya taargada gaashaaman 13-15 mm riveted in qaab dhismeedka qaybaha biraha. Taasi waxay ahayd filan si ay u adkeysan dab mashiinka-qori. taangiyada Light of USSR ah, ka dhigay dhamaadkii 1932-1933, ayaa labada riveted iyo jirka welded. Lama odhan karo oo ku saabsan wax soo saarka cusub. taangiga Soviet T-26 horumarinta ee 1931 wuxuu lahaa laba munaaradaha cylindrical, dhajinta on saa'idka kubada; mid kasta oo ka madax banaan munaaradaha wareejiyo 240 °. Labada munaaraddii siin kara garaac u ah oo ka mid ah labada cirif toogashada hore iyo xagga dambe (100 ° kasta). Waa maxay khasaare ugu weyn ee ahaa T-26? muuqashadii Laba-munaaraddii leedahay qaab aad u adag, yaraynta ay isku halaynta. Waxaa intaa dheer, awood ee taangiga oo dhan looma isticmaali karo hal dhinac. Sidaa darteed, in hore 30-mada ay adduunka oo dhan ka baxay qaabeynta gaadiidka dagaalka.

A taangiga iftiin Mono-munaaraddii T-26

dabeecadihiisa ayaa si weyn u soo hagaagtay la qaabeynta laba-munaaraddii marka la barbar dhigo. Soo saaray tan iyo 1933, wuxuu markii hore ahaa munaaraddii cylindrical leh qoriga 20K model ah, heerkiisa 45 mm iyo mid mashiinka qoriga Degtyarev 7,62 mm. qoriga Tani waxa ay ahayd nuqul la hagaajiyey ee 19K ku model anti-qoriga (1932), waa mid ka mid ah ugu awoodda badan ee ay waqti. Aad u yar taangiyada dalalka kale ee qalab la mid ah, haddii ay jiraan ahaayeen. Maxaa hub kale wuxuu ahaa awoodaan si ay u fuliyaan cusub T-26? Taangiga 1933 yeelan karaan ilaa saddex qori oo dheeraad ah mashiinka 7.62-mm. Tani kordhay awood waxaa loogu talagalay si ay u caawiyaan shaqaalaha markabka ay guuldarada ka mid ah anti-kooxo gaar ah, sababta oo ah hub ciidan asalka mashiinka-qoriga waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay ku filnayn. sawir hoose wuxuu muujinayaa mid ka mid ah lagu daydo ee T-26 ah, taas oo uu leeyahay museum taangi in Kubinka, waa ururinta ugu weyn ee gaadiidka millatariga ah ee dunida.

Next, aan ka hadalno sifooyinka farsamo.

Maxaa engine lahaa T-26

Features, nasiib go'aamiyo heerka engine xitaa 20 ee qarnigii 20aad. taangiga ayaa lagu qalabeeyey 4-dhululubo awoodda baatrool engine of 90 litir ah. a. (67 kw) la qaboojinta hawada, taas oo ahayd dhamaystiran engine nuqul "Armstrong Sidley" loo isticmaalo ee 6-ton "Vickers". Waxaa ku yaalla xagga dambe ee taangiga. Early Soviet-ka sameeyey makiinado ay taangiga ahaayeen tayo liita, laakiin waxa ay soo hagaagtay tan iyo 1934. taangiga Engine T-26 ma lahayn limiter xawaaraha, taaso keeneyso in kulayl iyo dhaawaca ku filtarka ay, gaar ahaan xagaaga. taangiga shidaalka 182 litir iyo taangiga saliidda 27 litir oo la dhigay meel u dhow engine ah. Waxa uu isticmaalaa la-beegsaday falkaas xun, ee loo yaqaan Grozny baatrool, buuxinta shidaalka labaad ee ugu fiican keeni karaa waxyeello ku waalka sababta oo ah qaraxa. Ka dibna, waxaa la soo bandhigay taangiga shidaalka more capacious (290 litir halkii 182 l). taageere qaboojinta Engine ayaa lagu rakibay waxaa ka badan kiis gaar ah.

Transfer T-26 ka koobnaa xajin qalalan-hal disc a xajin ugu weyn, sanduuqa shan geerka hore ee taangiga, haya in cududdii gacanta, idaacadaha iyo group final of joojiyaha. Gudbinta waxaa ku xiran engine ah by usheeda dhexe drive a kordhin weheliyaan taangiga. Lever in la beddelo geerka, waxaa si toos ah dhajinta on sanduuqa.

Casriyaynta ee 1938-1939 ah

Sannadkan, ka taangiga Soviet T-26 ah iyo munaaraddii cusub toobinta caabiga ka wanaagsan dhanka ah rasaas helay, laakiin waxa uu ku hadhay isku jidh welded, in ka mid ah model ah 1933, ma jirin ku filan, oo muujinaya khilaafka la militarists Japan ee 1938, si ay taangiga ayaa la casriyeeyay mar kale bishii February 1939. Hadda waxa uu helay qol-hoos munaarad la dhiiran (23 °) 20 mm-dhinac taarikada gaashaaman. oo dhumucdiisuna waxay derbiga ku jiray munaaraddii kor u kacay ilaa 20 mm at rabitaan ah 18 digrii. taangiga waxaa la qoondeeyey ku-T 26-1 (oo loo yaqaan T-26 model ah 1939 in ilo casriga ah). isku day Xiga in la xoojiyo guddiga hore hadhay xaqiiqsan, sida wax soo saarka ee T-26 ayaa waxaa ugu dhaqsaha badan joojiyay ay guushu ku dhismayaasha kale, sida T-34.

Waana mid ka, miisaanka dagaalka ah ee T 26 ee muddada u dhaxaysa 1931 in 1939 ku kordheen tan iyo 8 ilaa 10,25 tons. sawir hoose wuxuu muujinayaa T-26 model 1939 Waa, kadis ah, ayaa sidoo kale ka ururinta, taas oo uu leeyahay museum taangiga ugu weyn dunida ee Kubinka.

Sida sheekada bilaabay dagaal T-26

Light taangiga T-26 markii ugu horeysay ka qeyb qaatay dagaalka intii uu socday dagaalkii sokeeye ee Spain. Markaas Midowga Soofiyeeti, laga bilaabo bishii Oktoobar 1936, ka samatabbixiyey ay Dowladda Jamhuuriga, wadar ahaan 281 model Haanta 1933

Dufcaddii ugu horeysey ee taangiyada ee Jamhuuriga Spain loo qaaday October 13, 1936 Magaalada Kismaayo ee Cartagena ah; iyo konton-T-26 la dayactir, rasaas, shidaal iyo 80 iskaa wax ka yar Taliyaha taliska 8aad guutada matoorada gaar ah Col. S. Krivosheina.

The ugu horeysay mashiinka Soviet, dhigay in Cartagena, ayaa loogu talagalay diyaarinta taangiga qaranka, laakiin xaaladda agagaarka Madrid ayaa noqday mid aad u adag, sidaas oo kale ayaa shan iyo toban taangiyada oo kuwii hore ka hayay shirkadda taangi, kaas oo qaatay amarkii kabtanka Soviet Pol Arman (jeeda Latvia, laakiin ku koray ee France) .

Armand Roth galay tallaabo October 29, 1936 30 km koonfur galbeed ee Madrid. Laba iyo toban T-26 hormartay by 35 km inta lagu jiro toban weerar oo sababay khasaare Frankists weyn (adkaaday oo ku saabsan laba kooxood oo fardooley Morocco iyo laba hal batalyan, iyo toban qoryaha 75-mm beerta, afar cufayo CV-33, iyo labaatan soddon baabuur la military alaabta ay burbureen ama waxyeello), khasaaraha ka mid ah saddex T-26 iyo gaas by bambooyin iyo madaafiic.

kiiskii ugu horreeyey ee wanka loogu geysto dagaalka taangiga a dhacay maalintii ah taliyaha taangiga Batalyankii Lieutenant Semena Osadchego soo wajahay laba tankettes Talyaani CV-33, hoos ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah ee kanaal yar. Xubno ka mid ah shaqaalaha markabka wedgies kale ayaa ku dhintay dab mashiinka-qori.

Machine Captain Armand la gubay qarax shidaal, laakiin taliyaha dhaawacmay sii waday in ay u horseedi shirkadda. Uu haanta u burburiyey hal iyo waxyeelo soo laba cufayo CV-33 dab madfac. December 31, 1936 Captain P. Arman helay Star ah Hero of Midowga Soofiyeeti ee weerarka, iyo ka qaybgalka firfircoon ee difaaca ee Madrid. November 17, 1936 ee shirkadda oo ah Armand ahaa taangiyada shan oo kaliya in dagaal u diyaar.

T-26 ee loo isticmaalay in ku dhowaad dhammaan howlgallada military ee Dagaalkii Sokeeye iyo muujiyeen Fadilmo ee Panzer Jarmal ee Division iyo taangiyada iftiin Talyaani tankettes CV-33, oo ku hubaysan oo keliya qoryaha darandooriga. Inta lagu jiro Battle of Guadalajara T-26 Fadilmo, waxay ahayd wax cad in samaynta Talyaani ayaa u waxyoonay si ay u horumariyaan taangiga la mid ah marka hore Talyaani dhexdhexaad "Fiat M13 / 40."

"... oo waxaannu u duulay Sumarai cadaadis of steel iyo dabka"

Erayadanu waa caanka ah ee bartamihii qarnigii la soo dhaafay, songs ku fikiri qayb ka mid ah taangiyada iftiin khilaafka T-26 Soviet-Japanese, taas oo sii taariikhda dagaalka ee taangiyada ah. The ugu horeysay oo ka mid ah uu ahaa kulankii bishii July 1938 dhow Lake Hassan. Ka qayb it in guutada matoorada 2aad iyo laba batalyan taangiga gooni ah lahaa oo kaliya 257 taangiyada T-26.

demiska matoorada 2aad ayaa sidoo kale dhawaan loo magacaabay shaqaale ah taliska cusub, 99% ka mid ah ay qaab hore (ay ka mid yihiin taliyaha guutada ku P. Panfilov) ayaa lagu qabtay saddex maalmood sida colka dadkii u magacaabayaa jagooyinka in dagaalka. Tani waxa ay saameyn xun ku falalka guuto lagu jiro khilaafka (tusaale ahaan, taangiyada ay qabtay 11 saacadood, si aad u hesho iyada oo March 45-km u sabab u ah Jaahil ah wadada). Inta lagu guda jiro weerarka Japan-qabtay hills ceebaalowyo iyo Zaozernaya taangiyada Soviet la kulmay wanaagsan loo soo abaabulay anti-taangiga difaaca a. Sidaas darteed, taangiyada 76 iyo 9 way qudhuntay gubay. Ka dib markii dagaal ku dhamaatay, 39 ka mid ah taangiyada, kuwaas ayaa la soo kabsaday in unugyada taangiga, iyo kuwo kale - waxaa cusboonaysiiyey goob dukaan ah.

Tiro yar oo T-26 taangiyada iyo flamethrower ku salaysan iyaga on qayb qaatay dagaalo ka dhan ah ciidamada Japanese on Goal Khalkhin ee 1939. mashiinada Our dagaalka ahaayeen nugul taangiga kuwa ku baabbi'inaya kooxaha Japanese, hubeysan ilimaysiisa. Marka welds tayo hooseeyo sii dhimman ee taarikada iyo hub, iyo shidaalka oo ololaysa si fudud lagu qooyay qol markabka iyo qol engine ah. 37mm madfac nooca 95 ee taangiga sambabada Japan, inkastoo ay heerka xumo sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa wax ku ool ka dhanka ah T-26.

Ka hor dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka

Habeeynimadii of War 2aad World, Army Cas lahaa oo ku saabsan 8500 T-26 ee dhammaan hab doorinta. Muddadan, T-26-e waa horrayn in kooxo gaar ah Nuur taangiyada (koox kasta 256-267 T-26) oo gaar ah guuto taangiga of kooxihii qoriga (10-15 taangiyada). Waxa uu ahaa nooca unugyada taangiga ka soo qayb galay ololaha ee gobollada galbeed ee Ukraine iyo Belarus ee September 1939. khasaaraha dagaalka ee Poland ahaayeen oo kaliya shan iyo toban T-26 ee. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, 302 taangiyada gaaray farsamo fashilaad on March.

Waxay ka qayb qaatay dagaalkii ka Winter of December 1939 - March 1940 la Finland. -demisku gaashaaman Light ayaa ku qalabaysan lagu daydo kala duwan ee taangiyada, oo ay ku jiraan laba iyo qaabeynta Mono-munaarad, soo saaray laga bilaabo 1931 in 1939. Guutooyin Qaar ka mid ah ay ahaayeen qalabaysan mashiinada jir inta badan sameeyo 1931-1936 GG. Laakiin qaar ka mid ah unugyada taangiga ayaa lagu qalabeeyey model cusub ee 1939 Guud ahaan, qayb ka mid ah Lenvoenokruga tiriyey bilowgii dagaalka 848 cutub oo T-26. Wada jir ah ula BT iyo T-28 oo qayb ka ah ciidamada saamayn hoose inta lagu jiro nasasho ahaayeen line Mannerheim.

dagaalkan ayaa muujisay in T-26 waa dhacsan iyo kaydka design ay daalan. qoryaha UXO Finnish booskan 37 mm iyo xataa 20-mm qoryaha UXO si fudud daalaeday hubka antipulevuyu khafiif ah T-26, iyo qaybo ka mid ah waxay leeyihiin iyaga la, ayaa khasaare weyn inta lagu jiro horumar degdeg ah ee Line Mannerheim ah, kaas oo ku tiilna olol-tuuraya mashiinka ku saleysan oo ka mid ah T-26 jiifku ciyaaray door muhiim ah.

Dagaalkii labaad ee dunida - dagaalkii ugu dambeeyey ee T-26 ee

T-26-E saldhig ciidamada gaashaaman ee ciidamada Cas ee bilaha hore ee duulaanka Jarmalka ee Midowga Soofiyeeti ee 1941. On 1 June, pride ahaa 10.268 taangiyada iftiin T-26 oo dhan lagu daydo, oo ay ku jiraan gawaarida gaashaaman ay jiifku. Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid koobnaa gaadiidka dagaalka ee Saaka iyo matoorada Soviet degmooyinka ciidamada xuduudaha. Tusaale ahaan, degmada Military Gaarka ah ee reer galbeedka, lahaa 1136 mashiinada sida on 22 June 1941 (52% dhamaan taangiyada ee degmada). Guud ahaan, waxa ay aheyd 4875 taangiyada sida ee degmooyinka military galbeedka on June 1, 1941. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaar ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah ma ay diyaar u yihiin dagaal ay sabab u tahay la'aanta qaybo ka mid, sida batari, diir iyo giraangirihii diir. cillado noocan oo kale ah ayaa keentay in baxsi ah ee ku saabsan 30% oo ka mid ah laga heli karo T-26 ee ficil. Intaa waxaa dheer, ku saabsan 30% oo ka mid ah taangiyada la heli karo ayaa la soo saaray ee 1931-1934 oo ku daalay nolosha adeeg ay. Sidaas darteed, in shan degmo oo ciidamada reer galbeedka Soviet ahayd qiyaastii 3100-3200 T-26 oo dhan lagu daydo xaalad wanaagsan (oo ku saabsan 40% ka mid ah qalabka), taas oo kaliya uu ahaa wax yar ka yar tirada taangiyada Jarmal loogu talagalay duulaankii ee Midowga Soofiyeeti.

T-26 (Model 1938/1939 ee. Gaar ahaan) hor istaagi karay ugu taangiyada Jarmal ee 1941, laakiin wuxuu ahaa model liita Panzer III iyo IV Panzer, qaybqaatay "Operation Barbarossa" ee June 1941. Oo dadkii oo dhammu unugyada taangiga of Army Cas khasaare culus ay sabab u tahay Fadilmo hawada dhamaystiran oo ah Jarmal "Luftwaffe". Inta badan oo ka mid ah T-26 ayaa laga badiyay in bilood ee hore ee dagaalka, inta badan in duqeyn madaafiic cadowga iyo weerarada cirka. Qaar badan oo ay burburiyeen sababo farsamo iyo sababta oo ah iyaduna ka mid ah dayactir.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in bilood ee hore ee dagaalka, oo waannu og wax badan oo dhacdooyin iska caabin geesinimada ah ee soo duulay faashistihii ee taangiga Soviet T-26 ee. Tusaale ahaan, shirkii 55 guuto Panzer ka kooban siddeed iyo toban Mono-munaaraddii T-26 iyo siddeed iyo laba-iyo munaaraddii, halka daboolaya gurasho qeybinta qoriga 117aad oo ah aagga Zhlobin Halaag toddoba iyo mashiinada Jarmal.

Inkastoo khasaaraha, ee T-26 weli lagu tiriyaa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah ciidamada gaashaaman ee ciidamada Cas ee dayrta ee 1941 (wax badan oo ka mid ah technology degmooyinka military gudaha yimid - Central Asia, Urals ah, Siberia, iyo qayb ka Bariga Fog). Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka, T-26 ah ayaa la bedelay T34 ay si weyn u xoogbadan. Waxa kale oo ay ka qeybqaadatay dagaalka ka dhanka ah Jarmalka iyo xulafadooda in dagaal u dhaxeeya u dhow Moscow ee 1941-1942., In ka Battle of Stalingrad iyo Battle of Caucasus ee 1942-1943. Dhowr cutub taangiga of Front Leningrad ee loo isticmaalo taangiyada ay T-26 ilaa 1944.

guuldarro oo ka mid ah Japanese Kwantung Army ee Manchuria in August 1945 uu ahaa howlgal military ee la soo dhaafay, taas oo ay la isticmaalay. Guud ahaan, waa in la ogaadaa, taariikhda taangiyada - wax lala yaabo.