Frederic Joliot-Curie: Biography ah iyo guulihii

Frederic Joliot-Curie - a si fiican u yaqaan dhaqdhaqaaqe bulshada iyo jirka a Faransiis. Wuxuu ka mid ahaa madaxda iyo aasaasayaasha ee Shirarka Pugwash on Science iyo World Affairs, iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa nabadda ahaa. Si wadajir ah naagtiisa, Irene helay a Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Maqaalkani waxa uu soo bandhigi doonaa inuu Biography gaaban.

Childhood iyo waxbarashada

Jean Frederik Zholio ku dhashay Paris ee 1900. wiilka aabbihiis Henri arrin si guul leh ku hawllan ganacsiga, iyo hooyaday Emilia ka soo jeedaa qoys Protestant yimid. Frederick ahaa kii ugu yaraa ee qoyska ka mid ah Joliot, tirintii lix carruur ah.

In 1910, wiilka soo diray inaad wax ka barato dugsiyada hoyga ah Lakanal. Toddoba sano ka dib, Jean ku soo laabtay Paris iyo go'aansadeen in ay naftooda uga sooco, sayniska. In 1920, nin dhallinyaro ah soo galay Dugsiga Sare ee Applied Chemistry iyo Physics. In 1923 Joliot qalin ka natiijada ugu fiican kooxda.

Adeega iyo shaqada

Frederick helay shahaado injineerinka. Inta lagu guda jiro waxbarashada uu, uu helay xirfadaha wanaagsan in codsiga la taaban karo of physics iyo kimisteriga. Laakiin inta badan dhan, Jean uu xiiseynayo cilmi aasaasiga ah. Sababta waayo, halkaasaa ahayd saamaynta Paul Langevin (jirka Faransiis). Waxaa isaga la jiray Frederick kala hadlay qorshihiisa mustaqbalka, marka uu guriga ku soo laabtay ka dib markii adeeg ciidan. Paul talinayaa Joliot heli kaaliye ka ah Machadka radium si Marii Kyuri. In 1925, Frederick bilaabay preparator shaqada ee machadkan. In uu waqtiga firaaqada ah, ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa ee u baxay inuu ka baran physics iyo kimisteriga.

nolosha Personal

Joliot Institute ayaa noqday kuwa Ogyahay gabadhii Maryan la odhan jiray Irene. Sannad ka dib, dadka dhallinyarada ah guursaday. Ka dib markii Frederick qaatay la odhan a double-barreled - Joliot-Curie. Xaaska xigsadey. Soon laba wuxuu lahaa laba carruur ah - oo wiil iyo gabadh (labada noqday saynisyahano mustaqbalka).

cilmi

Ka dib markii arooska, geesiga of this article ayaa sii waday in ay ka shaqeeyaan Institute radium ah. In 1930 uu helay uu horyaalka doctorate for qayb cilmi-baarista ee Polonium shucaaca ah. Laakiin, inkastoo heerka, ku dhowaad ma ka mid ah in beesha sayniska waxba ma yaqaaniin sida loo magacaabi Joliot-Curie. In uu yahay, ayuu wax yar loo yaqaan.

Frederick isku dayeen in ay ka heli boos waxbarasho, laakiin isku day uu ku jiray lagu guulaysan. saynisyahan ayaa waxaa ka fekerayaa sida loo helo dhakhtar farmashiyaha wax soo saarka warshadaha ah. Joliot-Curie caawiyay Zhan Perren. Thanks to jaalle ah Frederick ku guuleysatay deeq waxbarasho dawladeed oo aysan awoodin in ay sii joogo machadka. In 1930, jirka dadka Jarmalka Walter bothe shaaca ka qaaday in markii waaleen nuclei helium (aasaasay by suuska ee Polonium) boron iyo beryllium, dambaysta ah bixiyaan sare cabaar shucaaca.

Helitaanka waxbarashada injineernimada ayaa loo ogol yahay Joliot-Curie abuuro qalabka xasaasi ah oo la dhisay-in keenida qolkii. Qalabka waxa lagu diiwaan cabaar shucaaca. Tijaabada ugu horeysay la qaatay Polonium. In 1931, Frederick iyo xaaskiisa waxay bilaabeen inay bartaan. Inta lagu guda jiro tijaabo ah, waxay ogaadeen in haddii boron dhexeeya gubaa (iyo beryllium) iyo qalabka waa waslad khafiifa of walxaha hydrogen-ka kooban, heerka bilowga ah ee shucaaca waxaa u labeeyay.

helitaanka xubno cusub

tijaabo dheeraad ah sharaxay nooca shucaaca oo dheeraad ah. Waxaa soo baxay in ay ka kooban yihiin atamka hydrogen in marka la shucaaca noqdo xawaaraha si caddaalad sare wajahay, inkasta oo innaba midna Frederick Irene ma si buuxda u fahmaan nuxurka geedi socodka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in natiijada ay cilmi mahad Dzheyms Chedvik ee 1932 helay walxaha neutron ah, taas oo ah qayb ka mid ah xuduntii qaaradda. Isla mar ahaantaana jirka ah American Carl D. Anderson qoray oo ku saabsan positrons noqon-burka inta lagu guda jiro weerar ay qayb ka Alfa aluminium ama boron.

Irene iyo Frederic sameeyaan cilmi-baarista iyo saaray tijaabo cusub. The keenida baarka qolkii waxaa la geliyaa aluminium iyo boron, iyo furitaanka xidhi aliminiyum. Markaas laba bilaabay shucaaca Alfa shucaaca. positrons The dhab noqoto qoondeeyey, laakiin kaliya ka dib markii dhowr daqiiqo il Polonium sii baabi'iyo ay warshadu hawada.

Sayidka, Frederick iyo Irene lagu ogaaday in qaar ka mid ah baarka gubaa waa boron iyo aluminium ayaa loo beddelaa xubno ka kiimikada cusub. Intaa waxaa dheer, ay u noqdaan shucaaca. Boron isotope waa diinta nitrogen iyo aluminium - fosfooraska.

Nobel Prize The

In 1935, Irene iyo Frederic waxaa la guddoonsiiyey abaalmarinta Nobel Prize ee ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee xubno cusub shucaaca. Sayidka magaca Joliot-Curie ahaa weligiis Isasaaray ee taariikhda chemistry. In uu hadalka cilmiga Nobel uu xusay in xubno ka radioactive macmal ah waa in la isticmaalaa sida tracers. Tani waxay si weyn u fududeyneysa dhibaatada helidda iyo ka saareen qaybaha kala duwan kuwaas oo ah in u shaqeeyo nool.

shaqo dheeraad ah

In 1937, jirka dadka Joliot-Curie sii waday in ay ka shaqeeyaan Institute radium ah. Sidoo kale, waxaa loo magacaabay professor at de kulliyadda France, Paris. Halkan saynisyahan furay xarun cilmi-baaris ah ee kiimikada nuclear iyo physics ah. Oo weliba Frederick qotomiyey shaybaar, halkaas oo takhasus ah profiles kala duwan si dhow u wada shaqayn karaan si loo gaaro natiijada ugu wanaagsan. Ka sokow dhismaha jirka dadka ay gacanta ku cyclotron ugu horeysay ee France, halkaas oo isha qayb Alfa ha la qorsheeyay xubno shucaaca.

dagaal

In 1939, farmashiyaha Jarmal Otto Hahn sameeyey daahfurka ah. Waxa uu sheegay in bulshada cilmiyaysan oo ku saabsan suurtagalnimada of fission of atamka uranium. Ka dib markii this, Joliot-Curie muujisay in ay tahay waxyaabaha qarxa. Jirka dadka ay ogaadaan lacagta wayn ee tamarta sii daayay inta lagu guda jiro fission ee la eb. Si aad u isticmaasho, Frederick ka Norway iibsaday dhowaad sahayda oo dhan la heli karo biyo culus. Laakiin saynisyahan cilmi kala gooyey by dillaacay waqtiga dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. France qabsadeen ciidanka dalka Jarmalka. Halis badan, Joliot-Curie in England, halkaas oo saynisyahano waxaa loo isticmaalaa inta lagu guda jiro horumarinta hub qaaradda hakanayo oo dhan biyaha culus.

siyaasadda

Inta lagu jiro shaqo ee Frederick ku hadhay Paris. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in cilmiga ahaa ee Faransiiska Socialist Party iyo lahaa views anti-faashistihii, waxaa lagu hayaa ay at de kulliyadda France, iyo Institute of radium. Sidoo kale Joliot-Curie ahaa xubin ka mid ah dhaqdhaqaaqa iska caabin ah oo ahaa madaxa ka mid ah "National Front" (ururka dhulka hoostiisa). Oo shaybaarka Frederick loo isticmaalo soo saaridda qalabka raadiyaha iyo waxyaabaha qarxa, kaas oo waxaa loo soo dhiibay Xarakada of Resistance ah. Oo ku dhex jira dagaalka, saynisyahan raacay tusaale ahaan ka mid ah macallinkiisa, Langevin oo ku biiray xisbiga shuuciga ah.

Ka dib markii xoraynta ee caasimada Faransiiska ee geesiga ah ee qodobkan waxaa loo doortay inuu post ee Director of Research Center Qaranka. Frederick lahaa inaan soo nooleeyo iman kara sayniska ee dalka. Dhamaadkii 1945 saynisyahan ka dhigay codsi madaxweynaha Charles de Gaulle. Joliot-Curie ee France doonayay in la abuuro Guddiga Tamarta Atoomikada ah. Saddex sano ka dib, jirka dadka madax bilaabi nuclear ugu horeysay nuclear ee dalka. Tani waxay si weyn u kordhay oo uu sumcad sida cilmiga ah iyo maamulka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xubin Frederick ee xisbiga shuuciga ah ayaa sababay badan oo qanacsanayn. In 1950, uu la sii daayay ka post ee agaasimaha Commissariat ah.

dhimashada

sano ee la soo dhaafay ee nolosha Frederic Joliot-Curie, kuwaas oo Biography ayaa lagu kor ku soo bandhigay, ka go'an in ay waxbaridda iyo cilmi-baarista. Waxa kale oo uu hogaaminayo Council World ah oo ay dhaqdhaqaaqa siyaasadeed. In 1956, Irene dhintay. Dhimashada oo uu naagtiisa ahayd Frederick dharbaaxo culus. Laakiin isagu wuxuu lahaa inaan isu bahaysanaya oo madax ka ah Machadka radium. Joliot-Curie sidoo kale kormeero dhismaha jaamacad cusub ee Orsee oo wax ku baray at Sorbonne ah. Si dhakhso ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, jidhku uu daciifiyey by sidato weeraryahan ee hepatitis iyo stress hore, ayaa ku guuldareystay. Bishii Agoosto 1958, saynisyahan ah ayaa ku dhintay in Paris.

Danta iyo abaalmarinta

Shaqaalaheenna sifaha Frederick bukaan ahaan, nooca iyo nin xasaasi ah. Waxa uu jeclaa in uu akhriyo, si rinjiga Bbc iyo inuu u ciyaaro biyaano ah. In 1940 Joliot-Curie, iyadu ku guuleysatay a dahab bilad Barnard of University Columbia guulihii sayniska fiican. Oo Frederick USSR ku abaal Prize Stalin ee, ku wareejiyay baxay sanad walba ", waayo, nabad baa u dhexaysay dadyowga."