Formula ogsijiin. miiska wakhtiyeysan - oxygen

element Chemical oxygen kaydiyaa kooxda mudada labaad VI-th weyn ee huriye version kooban ee Table ka wakhtiyeysan. Sida laga soo xigtay heerarka cusub tiriyey - waa koox 16aad. Go'aanka dhiganta waxaa loo sameeyey by IUPAC 1988. Ogsijiin sida walax fudud ee formula - O _2. Tixgeli guryaha ugu weyn ee ay, kaalin ee dabiiciga ah iyo dhaqaalaha. Waxaan ka bilaabeynaa sharaxaad ka mid ah group oo dhan nidaamka wareegsan, kaas oo madax u oxygen. Cunsurka ka duwan congeners ay isagoo chalcogen ah, iyo biyo waa ka hydrogen kala duwan ee xeryahooda baaruud, sayliniyam iyo tellurium. Sharaxa of calaamadaha oo dhan in laga helo, oo kaliya in ay bartaan oo ku saabsan qaab dhismeedka iyo sifooyinka la eb ee.

Chalcogens - xubno la xiriira oxygen

guryaha la midka ah ee atamka ka sameeyaan koox kaliya in nidaamka wareegsan. Ogsijiin waxaa madax u dhalay qabiilka reer chalcogens, laakiin ka duwan yahay iyaga ka in tiro ka mid ah guryaha.

mass The qaaradda ee oxygen - group awoowe - waa 16 a. .. xeryahooda E m chalcogen la formation of hydrogen iyo biraha muujiyaan ay gobolka qayilo caadi -2. Tusaale ahaan, oo ka kooban biyo (H ₂ O) tirada qayilo oksajiinta waa -2.

Qaab dhismeedka xeryahooda chalcogen hydrogen caadiga ah ee formula guud: H ₂ R. Kala diridda walxaha kuwan waxaa lagu aasaasay acid. Kaliya hydrogen oxygen lagala kulmo - biyo ah - wuxuu leeyahay sifooyin gaar ah. Sida ay ogaatay saynisyahano, walax tani waa caadi ahayn oo aad u tabar daran acid, iyo saldhig aad u tabar daran.

Baaruud, sayliniyam iyo tellurium leeyihiin gobolka caadiga wanaagsan qayilo (+4, +6) ee xeryahooda la oxygen iyo-Biraha non kale isagoo electronegativity sare (EO). oxides chalcogen Curiska fikiri formula guud: rô _{2, 3 rô.} Waxay leeyihiin halabuurka ah oo u dhiganta acid: H ₂ rô _3, H ₂ rô _4.

Qaybaha dhigmaan walxaha fudud: oxygen, baaruud, selenium, tellurium iyo polonium. The saddex xubnaha ugu horeysay muujiyaan guryaha macdan ah. Formula ogsijiin - About _2. beddelid Allotropic ee element isla - Allena (O _3). Labada qeybood oo waa gaasaska. Baaruud iyo selenium - Solid non-birta. Tellurium - walax metalloid, kaari ah oo hadda korontada, Polonium - biraha.

Ogsijiin - element ugu badan

content guud ee atamka ee element ee dhulka udubyadiisa wuxuu ku saabsan yahay 47% (by miisaanka). Ogsijiin waxaa laga helaa qaab lacag la'aan ah, ama qayb ka mid ah xidhiidhada kala duwan. walax fudud, kuwaas oo formula ee O ₂ waa in kooban of jawiga, dhismaha 21% hawada (by mugga). oxygen kelli waxaa kala diri ee biyaha, wuxuu u dhexeeyaa Qurub ciidda.

Waan ognahay in ay jiraan waa nooc kale oo ka mid ah jiritaanka element isla kiimikada ee foomka of walax fudud. Allena Tani - gaaska sameynta ee ku saabsan 30 km ka lakabka dusha sare, inta badan loo yaqaan screen Allena. oxygen Koolejka galo taagoo biyo dhagaxyada badan iyo macdan, xeryahooda organic ah.

Qaab dhismeedka eb oxygen

miiska wakhtiyeysan ku jira macluumaad dhamaystiran oo ku saabsan oxygen:

1. Tirada serial ee element - 8.
2. lacag nuclear - +8.
3. Tirada guud ee electron - 8.
4. formula oxygen Electronic - 1s 2s ^{2 2} 2p ^4.

In dabiiciga ah, waxaa jira saddex isotopes deggan, kaas oo ay leeyihiin tiro la mid isku xigxiga ee Table wakhtiyeysan ah, oo sideeda oo ah isku mid ah protons iyo electrons, laakiin tiro ka mid ah oo kala duwan oo neutrons. Isotopes waxaa muujinaysaa by calaamad ka mid ah - O. Waayo, shaxda la barbardhigo muujinaya kooban saddex isotopes oxygen:

Guryaha ee oxygen - element a kiimikada

On 2p eb sublevel leedahay laba electrons unpaired, kaas oo sharxaya muuqaalka kore ee lagu qayilo -2 iyo +2. Laba electrons aaday ma jari karo, in heerka uu qayilo kordhay afar sida in baaruud iyo chalcogenides kale. Sababta - la'aanta sublayer free. Sidaa darteed, xeryahooda ee element kiimikada ma muujiyaan valence oxygen iyo tirada kooxda siman gobolka qayilo in version gaaban nidaamka wareegsan (6). tirada lagu qayilo celcelis ahaan waa -2 isaga for.

Kaliya la xeryahooda fluorine muujinayaa oxygen gobolka uncharacteristic qayilo wanaagsan ee +2 isaga for. qiimaha EO laba nonmetals kala duwan awoodaha: EA (D) = 3.5; EE (F) = 4. Sida element a more electronegative, fluoro xoog xajisto electrons valence iyo jiidata qayb ka ah in heerka tamarta dibadda eb oxygen ah. Sidaa darteed, in falcelinta la fluorine waa oxygen yaraynta wakiilka lumiyo electrons.

Ogsijiin - walax fudud

D. Ingiriisi cilmibaadhe Priestley ee 1774 ee koorsada of tijaabo gaaska loo aqoonsaday by daatay ee xabagta mercury. Laba sano ka hor, walax la mid ah qaabka saafi jiray K. Scheele. Kaliya dhawr sano ka dib, farmashiyaha Faransiis Antoine Lavoisier ogaaday in gaaska waa qayb ka mid ah hawada, iyo bartay guryaha. formula oxygen Kiimikada - O _2. Milicso Halabuurka qoro ee electrons arrinta ka qayb formation of a bond covalent aan kala horjeeda - O O ::. Labada ciyaaryahan kasta electron lagala kulmo oo leh hal line beddel: O = O. formula oxygen noocan oo kale ah si cad u muujinaysaa in atamka ee Britain ayaa ku xiran yihiin laba-labo electron caadi ah.

Qabtaan xisaabaha fudud oo lagu ogaado waxa mass qaraabada kelli of ogsijiin, Mr (O ₂₎ = Ar (O) x 2 = 16 x 2 = 32. Wixii la barbardhigo: (. Air) Mr = 29. formula Chemical ogsijiin ka duwan Allena mid ka mid ah la eb oxygen. Sidaa awgeed, Mr (O ₃₎ = Ar (O) x 3 = 48. Allena in ogsijiin waa 1.5 jeer ka culus.

guryaha jirka

Ogsijiin - gaas oo aan midab, dhadhanka iyo urta (heerkulka caadiga ah iyo cadaadis loo siman yahay si ay cadaadiska Hawada). maalkiisu waa wax yar ka culus yahay hawada, L. biyo, laakiin tiro yar. oxygen dhibic barafku waa negative iyo waa -218,3 ° C. Ujeedadu waxay at oo oxygen dareere dib beddelay gaaska - waa heerkulka karaya ay. Waayo, Rabbiyow, ₂ molecules qiimaha tiro this jirka gaadho -182,96 ° C. oxygen The dareeraha ah iyo adag uu noqonayaa midabka fudud-buluug.

Helitaanka oxygen shaybaarka

Marka kululeeyo, oxygen-ka kooban walxo sida -KP, waxaa loo qoondeeyey gaas midab oo la qaadi karaa in sibraar ama tube. Haddii aad ku qori ololaya oxygen saafi shiday, waa u qaxmayaa dheeraad ah oo dhalaalaysa ka badan hawada. Laba hab kale shaybaarka for oxygen soo saaro - daatay oo hydrogenperoxid ah iyo chlorate potassium (chlorate potassium). Tixgeli qalab Bannaanka, kaasoo loo isticmaalo kala daatay ee kaamerada.

In tube imtixaan ama sibraar wareega-bottomed lagama maarmaan ah in shub ah chlorate potassium yar, ay xirto goolhayaha la tube outlet gaas. Its dhamaadka soo horjeeda waa in loo diraa (quuska) foorari in sibraar rogay. qoorta waa in la tirtiran galaas ama qolofta biyo ka soo buuxisay. Marka oxygen kulul la sii daayay ka cusbo chlorate tuubada. Sida galo tube uumiga galay sibraarkii, biyo barakiciyay ka. Marka nalka waxaa ka buuxsamay gaaska, ay quuska xiran stoppered iyo rogay. Helay in tijaabo shaybaarka this, oxygen waxaa loo isticmaali karaa si ay u bartaan kiimikaad oo ah walaxda garaadlaawaha.

gubashadii

Haddii shaybaarka fuliya sari ee walxaha in ogsijiin, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la ogaado isla markaana waafaqsan qawaaniinta dab. Hydrogen waxaa combusted ugala ee hawada, qaso oxygen in cabirku yahay 2: 1, waa qarxa. walxaha sari in oxygen saafi ah wax badan oo aad u daran ka badan hawada. Tan waxaa loo sharxay by ifafaale ah ee ka kooban hawada. Ogsijiin in jawiga waa wax yar ka badan 1.5 qeybo ka mid (21%). Sari - walxaha reaction la oxygen ah, oo keentay in waxyaabaha kala duwan, inta badan oxides biraha iyo nonmetals. isku dar Oxidising of O ₂ la walxaha ololi kara, marka lagu daro, xeryahooda keentay noqon sun karaa.

Sari shumac caadiga ah (ama kulan) Ulasocto formation of carbon dioxide. Tijaabada ka dib la samayn karaa guriga. Haddii walax si hoos weel galaas ama koob weyn ku shido, sari ka joogsan doonaa mar oxygen oo dhan waa la wada baabbi'iyey. Nitrogen ma taageeri neefsashada iyo sari. Carbon dioxide - saarka qayilo - mar dambe ma sameynayso la oxygen. Transparent limewater lagu ogaan karaa jiritaanka carbon dioxide dul shumac gubanaya. Haddii waxyaabaha sari dhex hydroxide calcium ka gudubtaan, xalka noqdo daruuro madow. reaction Chemical dhacdaa inta u dhaxaysa biyaha lime iyo carbon dioxide, heli carbonate calcium beelaya.

Diyaarinta oxygen heer warshadeed

habka ugu jaban, taas oo u taagoo waxaa lagu helay lacag la'aan hawada O _2, ma la xariira fulinta falgalka kiimikada. In warshadaha, tusaale ahaan, ku daqiijin jireen steel, hawada heerkulka hooseeyo iyo cadaadiska sare la galeen. qaybaha noocan oo kale ah Hawada waaweyn sida oksijiinka iyo nitrogen, isku kari at heerkulka kala duwan. Kala dar hawada la kululaaneysa tartiib ah in heerkulka daarmayaay'e ah. First, taagoo nitrogen waa distinguished, ka dibna oxygen. Habka-soociddiisa ku salaysan guryaha kala duwan ee jirka ka mid ah walxaha fudud. Formula walax fudud ee oxygen waa isku mid sida ay ka hor qaboojinta iyo liquefaction hawada, wuxuu ahaa - O _2.

Sidaas darteed, qaar ka mid ah cadaanyo electrolysis, sidoo kale, ogsijiin, waxaa laga soo ururiyey in ka badan koronto u dhiganta. baahida Gas shirkadaha warshadaha, dhismaha in tiro badan. baahida loo qabo in ogsijiin si joogto ah u koraya, gaar ahaan waxay u baahan tahay warshadaha kiimikada. Kaydinta gaaska wax soo saarka ujeedooyin warshadaha iyo caafimaadka ee dhululubada steel, qalabaysan sixitaan ah. taangiga oxygen An wasakheeyey in midab buluug ama buluug ah si ay u kala saaro gaaska kale liquified - nitrogen, methane, ammonia.

xisaabaha Chemical ku salaysan qaaciidooyinka iyo isleegyo celintan oo ku lug leh O ₂ taagoo

Qiimaha tiro of mass ka gaws ee oxygen la kulmeen tiro kale - mass kelli qaraabo. Kaliya in qofkii ugu horreeyey ee, waxaa jira unugyo. formula kooban walax oxygen iyo miisaanka kelli waa in loo bedelaa sidatan: M (O ₂₎ = 32 g / mol. Under xaaladaha caadiga ah bar ee mugga gaaska kasta oo u dhiganta 22,4 litir. Sidaa awgeed, 1 mol of O ₂ - waa 22,4 litir walax 2 jiirarka O ₂ - 44.8 litir. Sida laga soo xigtay isla'egta cadaanyo u dhexeeya hydrogen iyo oxygen loo arki karaa in fal 2 jiirarka ah hydrogen iyo mid bar ah oxygen:

Haddii play ee falcelinta of 1 mol ah hydrogen, qadarka oksijiin ee 0.5 mol • 22,4 l ah / mol = 11.2 litir.

Doorka O ₂ taagoo ee dabiiciga ah iyo nolosha aadanaha

oxygen The baabba'nay noolaha on Earth, iyo ku lug leh wareegga ah ee walxaha ka badan 3 bilyan oo sano. Tani waa hubaasha weyn ee Neefta oo shiid, waxaa cawisa kartaa taagoo nafaqooyinka ku dhexsameeysmo by jirku u baahan yahay tamar. Ogsijiin si joogto ah baabbi'ine dunida, laakiin kaydka ay buuxsameen iyada oo photosynthesis. saynisyahan Ruush K. Timiryazev rumeysan yahay in ay sabab u tahay geedi socodka this weli waa nolosha on dhulkeenna.

Waa weyn yahay doorka oxygen ee dabiiciga ah iyo dhaqaalaha:

• nuugo inta lagu guda jiro Neefta oo ku nool noolaha;
• ku lug lahaa falcelinta ee photosynthesis ee dhirta;
• qayb ka mid ah Britain ee organic,
• geeddi socodka suuska, halsano, abuurmeena dhacaan qaybgalka oxygen adeegaya sida oxidant;
• loo isticmaalo ereygu alaabta organic.

The dhululubada oxygen la galeen xukuumada waxaa loo isticmaalaa jarida iyo alxanka Biraha at heerkulka sare. Nidaamkan waa la fuliyaa ee dhirta mashiinka-dhismaha, gaadiidka iyo dhismaha shirkadaha. Waayo, shaqo ka yar biyaha, dhulka hoostiisa, at sare sare ee vacuum ah dadka sidoo kale u baahan O ₂ Britain ee. taangiyada ogsijiin waxaa loo isticmaalaa in daawada si loo kobciyo oo sideeda oo hawada la neefsado by dadka jiran. Gas ujeedooyin caafimaad, lagu gartaa gebi ahaanba aysan jirin ee nijaasta ahaa farsamo, ur.

Ogsijiin - oxidizer kaamilka

xarunta oxygen yaqaan leh dhammaan waxyaabaha kiimikada ee miiska wareegsan, marka laga reebo wakiillada koowaad ee qoyska ka mid ah gaasaska dhif. walxaha badan oo si toos ah uga jawaab la atamka oxygen, marka laga reebo halogens, dahab iyo platina. Of muhiimadda ugu weyn waa ifafaale ku lug oxygen, kuwaas oo la socda in la sii daayo iftiinka iyo kulaylkii. Hababka noocaas hubkaas ayaa loo isticmaalaa in guriga iyo warshadaha. senti biraha ficil la oxygen yeedhay rasaas. ore Pre-dhulka waxaa ku qasmay hawada oxygen-taajireen. At heerkul sare soo kabashada ee biraha ka tayadda in walxaha fudud. Sayidka bir ah iyo qaar ka mid ah macdanaha non-ferrous helay. Joogitaanka oxygen saafi wanaajisaa heerka of geeddi-soo-saarka ee laamaha kala duwan ee kiimikada, injineernimada iyo metallurgy.

muuqaalka kore ee hab raqiis ah soo saarka oxygen hawada by-soociddiisa galay qaybaha heerkulka yar yahay, ayaa u shidan yihiin horumarinta meelo badan oo ka mid ah wax soo saarka warshadaha. Farmasi rumaysan Britain O ₂ iyo O atamka wakiilada oksidheeyeyaal haboon. Kuwani waa waxyaabaha dabiiciga ah, waxay si joogto ah ayaa la soo cusboonaadey ee dabiiciga ah, ma nijaasayn deegaanka. Intaa waxaa dheer, falgalka kiimikada ku lug oxygen inta badan loo soo afjaro la ereygu ka mid ah weli wax soo saarka kale ee dabiiciga ah iyo ammaan ah - biyaha. Doorka O ₂ in ka kaxayntu ay of biyaha lagu nadiifiyo qashinka warshadaha sun ka nijaasta ahaa. Intaas waxaa sii dheer oxygen loo isticmaalo jeermi of beddelka ay allotropic - Allena. walax fudud uu leeyahay dhaqdhaqaaqa oksidheeyeyaal sare. Marka ozonization biyo cawisa sunta ah. Allena sidoo kale waa saamayn dhaawici on microflora pathogenic.