Expressionism aan la taaban karin

Aan la taaban karin Expressionism baxay New York ee 1940-1950-mada iyo si dhakhso ah u noqday mid ka mid ah dhaqdhaqaaqa ugu awoodda badan uguna saamaynta ee taariikhda farshaxanka casriga ah. Building on guulaha ay tahay wax-uqabso Yurub, koox ka mid ah fanaaniinta loo yaqaan "expressionists aan la taaban karin" (ama "New York School"), ayaa soo saartay sidaynu cusub oo ahaa sahlan sina u murugsan.

Ka mid ah fanaaniinta, kuwaas oo waxaa iska lahaa dhaqdhaqaaqa, Willem de Kooning, Dzhekson Pollak, Barnett Newman, Clifford Weli, Frants Klayn, Lee Krasner, Robert Motherwell, William Baziotis, Barnett Newman, Adolph Gottlieb, Richard Pousette-DART. Inkastoo qaar ka mid ah tirooyinka muhiimka ah ee aan la taaban karin Expressionism ahaayeen waddanka u soo guurey, oo ay ku jiraan Mark Rothko, Gans Gofman, Arshile Gorky, waxa uu ahaa dhaqdhaqaaqa ugu horeeyay ee si buuxda American farshaxanka. New York noqday caasimada cusub oo hal-abuurnimo iyo farshaxanka ee sanadaha soo, "qaadidda" ee go'iisii Paris Modern Art of hoggaamiye. In New York, wuxuu abuuray luqad muuqaal ah, kaas oo si dhakhso ah ay gaareen labada geesood ugu fog ee adduunka.

Magaca "expressionism aan la taaban karin" ka isku dhafan ee xoojinta dareenka Expressionist Jarmal caan ku heli la aragtiyaha "antiobraznymi" dugsiyada la taaban karin Yurub (futurism diimo Cubist).

Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa la tilmaamay sida ku sugan ah, aad u gaarka ah, xataa iyada oo dareen qaar ka mid ah dhaqdhaqaaqa nihilism. In dhaqanka, muddada khusaysaa tiro ka mid ah fanaaniinta ka shaqeeya New York ee Hababka gebi ahaanba kala duwan, kuwaas oo aan mid, sinaba aan lagu tilmaami Karin sida expressionism a classical ama aan la taaban karin.

Farshaxankiisa oo ka mid ah sii kordheysa fannaaniinta si ay u abuuraan shaqo oo baaxad weyn oo uu leeyahay waxba kuma laha shirweynaha guud ahaan aqbalay in farshaxanka iyo mowduuc. Waxaa laga fekerayo ah oo ay ugu dago shaqsi, si ay isku dayeen in ay ka heli a ilaha gudaha universal. Ukaalmayn iyo improvisation ahaayeen arrimaha ugu muhiimsan ee habka hal abuur. Inkasta oo shuqullada expressionists aan la taaban karin "iska caabin ah" wax soocidda stylistic, waxay la isugu keenaa kartaa ilaa laba door bidayso oo waaweyn: focus on astaantu firfircoon oo firfircoon; fikirka, dareenka diiradda on meelaha furan ee midabka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, image ah, ugu horreeya oo dhan, sidaynu ah. Xataa marka image ku saleysan xaqiiqada dhabta ah muuqaalka, hab expressionist doorbiday aan la taaban karin, "badiyay fikirkiisu".

Aan la taaban karin Expressionism horumariyo ee macnaha guud ee noocyo kala duwan oo isa kasta ilo kale. fanaaniin badan ayaa ka dhigay tallaabooyin ay ugu horeysay ee hore 1930. Depression Great ayaa u shidan ah ee laba dhaqdhaqaaqa farshaxanka: Ridzhionalizm iyo Sotsiorealizm. Laakiin midkoodna aanu ku qancin kuwan fanaaniinta ay search for content farshaxanka la qiimaha xoog leh, soo jeedisay fikradda ah masuuliyadda bulshada, laakiin waqti isku mid ah ka provincialism iyo rar siyaasadeed sheer free. Tani waa mid ka mid ah hor imanayaana badan oo dhaqdhaqaaqa, kuwaas oo xididdada ka been rinjiyeynta tusaale ahaaneed ee 1930. Ku dhowaad dhammaan Expressionists aan la taaban karin waxaa ka "ku dhuftay" on-aragnimo ah ee Depression Great ah, oo ay tahay sarkhaansan Ridzhionalizma iyo Sotsiorealizma qaan. Sidoo kale ay jidka u bannaysay for saamaynta tahay American ugu horumarsan iyo milmaan ee modernismen Yurub. In sano ee New York kuwa, abaabulan bandhigyo badan oo farshaxan-uqabso Yurub, marka lagu daro, waxaa tababarka koorsooyinka modernismen. Macallinku wuxuu ugu saameynta badan ee farshaxanka casriga ah ee Maraykanka u noqday Gofman Gans ah, kuwaas oo ka soo dhaqaaqay Germany Maraykanka si joogto ah ee 1932.

Xiisadda of War World First iyo cawaaqibka ay muhiim u yihiin fahamka dhibka abuurka expressionists aan la taaban karin. fanaaniinta Young, ka walwalsan ah oo ku saabsan dhinaca mugdiga ah ee aadanaha, oo si walaac ku gartay dabeecadda caqli iyo nuglaanta dadka u fiirsaday waajib in uu muujiyo dhibaatada ee farshaxanka, laakiin in a ay ka kooban cusub.

xiriir toos ah la fanaaniinta Yurub ayaa ku soo kordhay intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Adduunka Labaad, taasoo keentay badan, oo ay ku jiraan Salvador Dali, Maksa Ernsta, André Masson, André Breton, Piet Mondrian, Fernand Léger, xaggiisa waswaasiye ka magangal Maraykanka. Surrealists, oo ay xoogga ku saabsan aqoonsiga ee "dago", fursado cusub u furay ilaa. Habka A surrealistic in ay sii daayaan of "miyir" - automatism derjada, taas oo tilmaam toos ah iyo improvisation hesho xoriyadda tallaabo.

Markii hore, ka Expressionists aan la taaban karin in search of mawduucyada Xisbiyada Mucaaradku iyo markeeda riwaayado for waxyoonay ee sheekooyin iyo farshaxan qadiim. Mark Rothko, Dzhekson Pollak, Robert Motherwell, Adolf Gotlib, Barnett Newman, William Baziotis aawadiis of hab ah ee ra'yi dhiibashada ay doondoonay waxyoonay ee dhaqamada qadiimiga ah ama heer hoose ah. shuqullada Early by fannaaniinta tusi sawiro ah iyo xubno ka biomorphic waxaa beddelay codes shaqsi. Jung ahaa xiiso iyo cilmi nafsiga, la leeyahay oo ka mid ah "wadajir ah miyir." hadal Direct ahaa oo muhiimad gaar, oo waxaa ugu fiican ee lagu gaari aan ka fikirin (qorshaynta).

Marka marxaladdan ee expressionism aan la taaban karin baaluq, 1947, Dzhekson Pollok abuuray farsamo gaar ah - go'in ama firidhka (shiraac weyn, la dhigay hoos dabaqa, wuxuu ku rusheeyey rinjiga burush).

Willem de Kooning sidoo kale sameeyeen farsamo isaga u gaar ah style gestural - carooday, bardho "stroke-stroke" ee abuurista ee loo yaqaan "sidaynu tusaale ah."

Lee Krasner, iyo Frants Klayn ahaayeen si siman mashquul ururka of tilmaam firfircoon ee fanka, taas oo gabal kasta oo sawirka waxaa ka buuxsamay (Lee Krasner yeedhay style "hieroglyphic" rinjiyeynta).

Waayo, shuqulka qiimaha expressionists aan la taaban karin been istareexsan ee ra'yi dhiibashada. Rinjiyeynta waa furitaanka aqoonsiga dhabta ah ee farshaxanka. Tilmaam A ama a "Saxiixa" ee artist ah - caddeyn ah habka abuurista.

jidka kale ee Zaman ee expressionism aan la taaban karin baaluq ahaa in search of fursadaha dhegeysiga midabka. Mark Rothko, Barnett Newman abuuray farshaxanka diyaaradaha midabka format waaweyn - "hadal fudud oo fikirka qalafsan," sida laga soo xigtay Mark Rothko.

xiisaha qudhunla'aan in expressionism aan la taaban karin ka tarjumaysaa uga dhigayeen in dhakhaatiirta ay u la macaamilaan hadda caqliga muhiim ah oo uu waqti, oo ay ku jiraan existentialism iyo cilmi nafsiga Jungian (waa xusuusanaya kacaya, taas oo saamayn muhiim ah oo ku saabsan expressionism naqshadaha ee bilaw). Inkastoo existentialism saamayn qiyaano on Expressionists aan la taaban karin ah, laakiin waxa uu qeyb ka hadalkiisaa ee walaaca iyo diidniintayda galay dood dhamaystiran.

Waayo, dhaleecayn badan iyo taariikhyahanadu tahay expressionists aan la taaban karin guusha wakiil Perigee ee dhaqdhaqaaqa casri, ku dhowaad hal qarni ka hor bilowday.

expressionism aan la taaban karin sii wadaan in mashquulin meel caan ah ma ahan oo keliya ee buugaagta taariikhda ah ee farshaxanka iyo museum ururinta ah, laakiin sidoo kale in miyir dadweynaha. Noocan oo kale ah waxa ay racfaan dheer, waxaan shaki ku jirin, waxa ay markhaati u hanashada qoto dheer.