Ethnonym - waxa uu yahay waxan? qeexid

ka ethnonym Giriigga turjumay - waxa macno ahaan waa "magaca dadka." Tan iyo wakhtiyadii hore, magacyada qabaa'ilka qaadeen macnaha gaar ah. ethnonymic Science daraasad kuwan magacyada, heli xidido iyo sharax saamaynta ay.

Magacyada la siiyaa ugu guulaysannaa ah

Taariikh ahaan, asalka ah ee ethnonyms wuxuu noqon karaa mid aad u kala duwan. Magacyada qaar ka mid ah dadyowga la qaatay ee soo duulay dalkooda. Tusaale ahaan, qarnigii VII on Peninsula Balkan ee ku soo duulay by dadka faraha badan ee Bulgarians Turkic ku hadla. Khan wuxuu noqday taliyaha gobolka South Slavic shisheeye. Laga tirada badan yahay Turkiga si tartiib tartiib ah dadka deegaanka la waayay.

Slavs aan la waayay, laakiin waxay qaateen magaca ah ugu guulaysannaa iyaga u gaar ah, isagoo noqday namesakes of Bulgarian Volga ah, iyo sidoo kale Caucasus Balkars ah. Tusaale ahaan Arrintan ayaa muujineysa in ethnonym ah - arrin modifiable, oo ay ka kooban tahay umuuruhu laga yaabaa.

Sidoo kale, sida Bulgarian ah, in XIII qarnigii, dhacdooyinka horumartay ee Central Asia. On dhulka ee Uzbekistan oo casri ah soo galeen by Mongols ah. Magacyadii qabiilooyinka iyo beelaha ka mid ah ayaa ka muuqata magacyada kooxaha maxalliga ah (sidaas waxaa manghud, Barlas iyo D. sidaas on.). Isla mar ahaantaana ethnonym dariska "Kazakh" si gaar ah waa asal Turkic. Sida laga soo xigtay mid ka mid ah version of Shaqaalaha, eraygan waa la xiriira in erayga "Cossacks" (labada tarjumay sida ", dadka oo lacag la'aan ah oo lacag la'aan ah").

In the case of guulaysannaa iyo guulaystay leeyihiin tusaale ahaan ka soo hor jeedda. Mararka qaarkood dadyowga sakhiray isu siiyo magaca ugu guulaysannaa ay. Tusaale ahaan waa warkii Hutts ah. Dadkani waxay ku noolaa Anatolia ee Warega of tobankii saddexaad iyo kan labaad ee BC. e. Later, in meel ka mid ah Hutts yimid Indo-Yurub, kaas oo noqday yaqaan reer Xeed.

Dhulalka iyo dadyowga

ethnonym kasta - nooc ka mid ah qoraal taxane-taariikheed. Ma waxay khusaysaa dad keliya, laakiin sidoo kale dalka, taas oo uu isagu nool yahay. waxbarashada Ethnonymic muujinaya in xaaladaha qaarkood magaca goobta siiyey magaca cusub si dadka.

woqooyi ee Greece qadiimiga dalka - hoggaamiye milatari The halyeeyga Aleksandr Makedonsky ku dhashay Macedonia. In qarniyadii dhexe ee gobolka this waxaan ku degay South Slavs ah. Waxay wax ka wadaagaan ilbaxnimada qadiimiga ah iyo xitaa iyada guulaystay tan iyo in muddo dheer ka hor la waayay. Laakiin magaca reer Makedoniya sii waday in ay ka jiraan. Waxaa ka tagay qorid ku Slavs koonfurta. Similar in kiiska la dadkii Baltic ee Prussia. In XIII qarnigii, dalkoodii uu ka guulaystay by Jarmalka. In mustaqbalka, dowladda Jarmalka ee ku yaala goobahan waxaa loo yaqaan Prussia, iyo dadka deggan, Jarmalka ayaa u yeedhay Prussians.

xulafaysi qabiil

Inta badan ethnonym - dhaxalgal ah qabiilka, mid madaxa hore ee ururka ama midow. Ilaa qarnigii IX ah, Czech aadan mashquulin dhulka ugu weyn. hareerahooda ahaayeen qabiilooyinka kale oo badan West Slavic. Tartiib tartiib, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa uu ahaa Czech xogagga wareegsan tahay xaafadda.

Midowga Polabian Slavs bodrichey magaca ka mid ahay qabiilooyinka reer ururka of helay. Haddii kale wax joogay deriskooda lutici. Waxay heshay magac qoyska cusub, oo aan la xiriirin qaar ka mid ah qabiilooyinka. kooxaha Tungus kaladuwan waxay leeyihiin caado ah magaca nooca ugu muhiimsan ee kooxda.

tusaalooyin loo yaqaan ee guuldaradoodii. bulshada Ethnic gooni dhici karaan, iyo qaybo gaar ah uu keeno - hayn magaca asalka ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma sii jiri doono weli u dhiganta (more caadi ah). Sayidka yimid magaca Turk (Turki ka soo degtay), Slovenes, Slovaks iyo Slovenes Ilmen (ka Slavs soo degay).

ethnonyms khalad

Haddii ethnonym ah "Slavs" ayaa had iyo jeer wuxuu ahaa isku macnaha, ka ethnonyms kale ka beddeli karo ay ka kooban tahay, xataa haddii shayga isku mid. In qarnigii XIX ku Moldovans loogu yeedho ku wacdiyo Gariigga iyo jibsiga. In pre-kacaan Russia ethnonym "Kyrgyz" ma gaarsiisna Kirghiz (Karakirgiz magacyadooda), iyo Turkmens iyo Kazakhs.

Magaca quruun qudha ku faafi karaan deriska haddii aqoonta guud, kuwanu waa kala daadsan oo aan ku filnayn. Tusaale ahaan, ethnonym ah "tataarka" ayaa muddo dheer loo isticmaalo Ruush ee la xiriirta mid ka mid ah bariga. faafidda dhaqankaan waxa si Western Europe. Sayidka muuqday on map of Strait Tataarka (oo kala dhulweynaha ka Sakhalin), halka oo isaga ku xigtayna marnaba ku noolaa tataarka ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin xitaa Mongols ah. Sidoo kale in Russia in qarnigii XVIII ka Jarmalka ayaa wacaya deenishka ama Holland. Waayo, frendzh Afrika qaar ka mid ah "- ma aha oo keliya Faransiis ah, laakiin sidoo kale oo dhan Yurub.

horyaal Evolution

Noqoshada erayga ethnonym bilaabo cusub ka madax banaan xiriirka hore ku nool. Ukraine - ma yarna, xitaa haddii ay dhacdo horyaalka taasi waa macnaha maal waxa ku jira. Sayidka, magacyada dadyowga laga yaabaa in saddex heer oo qiyamka. Midkii kowaad wuxuu u - fikradda ah ka hor formation of ethnonym ah, kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa - ethnonym laftiisa, iyo kii saddexaad - kacay ka ethnonym ah. Tusaale: in pre-kacaan Russia, iyo wax kasta oo nin madow dambana lagu magacaabi karaa socoto ah.

Waxaa ka mid ah is-magac ethnicons matalaan qayb yar. Name of Jarmalka ugu horeysay ee loo isticmaalo iyaga ma by laakiin by Celts ah. qabiilooyinka Sami, aasaaska u dhigeen mustaqbalka ee Qaranka Jarmalka, waxay isku soo horjeeda midba midka kale. Iyagu ma ay ahaayeen hal hay'ad oo uusan haysan magac caadi ah. Waayo, Celts ah, Teutons waa tiro aan la taaban karin, qaybinta gudaha in uusan ka ciyaaraan door wax.

magacyada Yurub ugu qabiilooyinka Mareykanka Dhaladka ah laga soo qaatay ka badan deriska ah. Siinta magaca, ma jecli iyaga u gaar ah, barbariyiintiina is hor dadka kale. Sidaa darteed, qabiilooyinka badan ayaa lagu yaqaan magacyo in iyagu marnaba aqoonsan yahay. Tusaale ahaan, Indians Navajo is-tixgelin "Diin" - taas oo ah, "dadka." No magacyada dhex Papuans ee iyaga u gaar ah. Kuwani qabiilooyinka go'doonsan noqday kuwa loo yaqaan Yurub ku xeeran Wabiyaal, buuraha, jasiiradaha, tuulooyinka.

magacyada Territorial iyo totemic

Mid ka mid ah aragtiyaha ku saabsan magaca dadka Bashkir ayaa sheegay in erayga "Bashkort" tarjumayaa "beekeeper". Inkastoo version this ka fog aasaasiga ah waa, waxa uu muujinayaa mid ka mid ah noocyada kala duwan ee magacyada qowmiyadaha. saldhig Ethnonim noqon kartaa oo keliya ma aha weedh muujinaysa dabiiciga ah ee waxqabadka, laakiin sidoo kale inay marjic u tahay diinta. Tiro weyn ee dadyowga qadiimiga magaceeda qaaday in sharaf uu totem u gaar ah. mass rakibay tusaalooyin sida. qabiilka Indian Cheyenne waxbay ushafeeci idanka magaca totem abeesada. Sidaas waxaa jiray magacyada dadka Africa iyo Aborigines of Australia.

ethnonyms dhul baahsan. Buryats - ka "kaynta" (magaca la siiyo deriska steppe). "Dadka ku xoortay geedihii" ayaa lagu magacaabay Wills. Magaca Midowga Slavic ee Dregovichi tarjumay sida "union Bog" (dregva - dhiiqo, dhiiqo). Isagoo ka hadlayay magaca Montenegrins Balkan ah.

Color iyo sare ethnonyms

ethnonyms Color waxaa laga helaa dhammaan qaybo ka mid ah dunida. saxnaanta lama yaqaan iyadoo ay jirto erayga "Belarus". Waxaa jira dhowr tafsiiro: saameeyay midabka ah ee shirts, indhaha iftiinka ama timo. ethnonyms midabka ugu badan ee luqadaha Turkic: Uyghurs huruud ah, lugta cad madow Nogais. Waxaa jira version a in dadka Kyrgyz - a "cas Oguz".

ethnonyms Secondary ayan ku jirin kuwii reer Makedoniya hore u soo sheegnay iyo Prussians - sidoo kale waa muhiim, taas oo siiyey magaca Italy iyo Talyaaniga oo casri ah. Ka hor inta ah ee dadka Bavarian in ay gobolka degeen qadiimiga Bavaria, ceyrinta boyev Celts ah. Sidaas daraaddeed dadka hore etnonim noqdo ethnonym ee dalka, ka dibna - dadka cusub. Tusaale ahaan of England waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan - England - British iyo Franks - France - Faransiis.

Magacyada muuqaalka iyo soo gelitaankii

The salaysan ethnonym uu noqon karo calaamadaha dibadda. Indonesia siiyey magaca Papuans ah ( "kuweyga"). Itoobiya - "dadka oo wejigooda gubteen" Lombards - "sare". Ingiriiska leeyihiin rinjiyeynta jirka caadadii. Waxaa laga yaabaa in uu yahay waxa ay ugu yeedhay "duntii".

Sidoo kale ethnonym u muuqataa sidii marjic u tahay caadooyinka iyo dhaqamada. The deggan qadiimiga ah ee Sicily Siculo - "beeralayda" ama "Reapers", Koryak - "xooladhaqato ah". qoysaska Carabta dafir iyo muntefik - "taxeen" ama "midoobeen" (tixraac si loo farsameeyo isdhexgalka).

ethnonym Ruush

Waxa jira dhowr aragtiyood ee bulshada cilmiyaysan oo ku saabsan waxa ay tahay asalka ah ee ethnonym ah "rus". version Varangian sheegay in eraygan - Scandinavian, oo loo tarjumay sida "Kuwii seebab." Sidoo kale waxaa jira aragti ah oo ka mid ah Indo-Iran (tarjumay sida "iftiin") oo ahaa hoggamiye-Slavic. Mid ka mid ah ama qaab kale, laakiin qarniyadii dhexe oo erayga "rus" loogu tala galay labada dadka iyo dawladda. Waxaa isaga ka ahaa magaca casri ah oo ka mid ah dadyowga East Slavic.

Ethnonym "Ruush" marka hore waxaa loo isticmaali jiray sida "dadka Ruush". At Warega of qarniyadii XVIII iyo XIX. la ah ee sifo suugaanta casriga ah keliya ayaa loo isticmaalaa, waxaana uu Maarraynta magac ah. Ka hor 1917 kacaanka, erayga "Ruush" lagu tilmaami karaa saddexda dadyowga East Slavic (iyo qaybintii by Russia Great iyo Ukraine kordhiyay).

magaca wadareed

Ethnonyms ee Ruush yeero set ee foomka wadareed (Chud) ama jamac (Germany). Sida caadiga ah, erayadii waa la aasaasay la dabagalayaal ah. Tusaale ahaan -yata iyo wakiil -ichi Wiilashii panulirus isku. In luqadda Ruush ethnonyms xataa amaahatay helay xiritaanka badan: Talyaaniga, Jarmalka, Istooniyaan, Ingiriiska, Istooniyaan, iyo Masriyiintii. dabagalayaal kuwaas -intsy -ovtsy iyo waa tusaale ka mid ah mid ka mid ah dhismaha si qadarin kale.

Derivation laga yaabaa in juquraafi. Ethnonyms dadyowga in koonfur-bari ee Slavs bariga dhamaaday -ary: Avars, tataarka, Bulgarian, Khazars, iwm Tani waxay ifafaale Turkic iyo xididdada Indo-Iran ... qabiilooyinka Finnish woqooyi ee Slavs ah, on lid ku ah, waxaa lagu magacaabaa si wadajir ah: Chud, VOD, oo dhan, yam, samoyad, kor. Kuwaan ayaa ah tusaalooyinka - kuwa kaliya ee ma. ethnonyms wadareed kale: Erzya, Meria, Izhora, Meshchera, Mordvinians, Lithuania.

dhabtii

Marka laga soo af wareejinta erayadii afka, inta badan si wayn beddelo hodonimada Afkan ay. The Turkic luqadaha erayga 'Ruush' codadka sida "Urus" ama "Oros" sida in ay qariibka group Turkic isticmaalka dhawaaqa "p" bilowga erayga. Hungary waxay isugu yeedhaan Magyars. ehelkooda ka fog yihiin Siberia - dadka Finno-Ugric of Mansi. Qaybiyey version in labada ethnonym ah - waa mid ka mid ah iyo hadal la mid ah, si xoogan dhawaqa modified (Meshchera iska leh koox la mid ah, Mishari, Mazhar).

Qaar badan oo ka mid ah magacyada dadka Africa ayaa ku margado by gumeystihii Yurub iyo in foomkan u muuqday in afka Ruush (Togo, Congo). sahamiyayaal Cossacks ugu horeysay la kulmay Buryats ah, si khalad ah soo koobay magaca shisheeyayaal Erayga "walaalkiis". Taas darteed, dhaqan oo dhan. waqti dheer Buryats yeedhay walaalihiis (Halkan magaca magaalada Bratsk). Si loo go'aamiyo asalka ah ee khubarada ethnonym ah "saar" dhammaan isbeddellada taariikhiga ah oo ay isku dayaan in la helo qaab asalka.