Dibuhabaynta soo ridayeen ee 1861. Sababaha iyo cawaaqibta

Weligiis taariikhda Russia, Alexander II uu sii ahaan doono liberator ee serfs ah. The dib u habaynta of Alexander II had iyo jeer ahaa dimuqraadiyad iyo si tartiib tartiib ah. Ha illoobin in dib u habaynta si tartiib - qarsoon oo boqornimadii Boqortooyada awoodda u leh. Markaasaa kii labaad, Alexander ogaa qarsoon si buuxda.

Alexander labaad tan iyo markii uu dhalinyarada degan dibuhabaynta soo ridayeen. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si ay u bilaabaan, wuxuu mar kaliya ayay qaadataa in laga yaabaa carshiga. Maxay ahaayeen sababaha sida rabitaan sintaan Haweejkiinna dhexdooda of sii daayo Boqortooyada of serfs?

1) Alexander labaad, sida taliye caqliga iyo karti, fahamsan yahay in serfdom biriiga gobolka. Laga soo bilaabo isticmaalka kasta oo ka mid element addoon dunida Yurub ayaa muddo dheer diiday. Russia ayaa sidoo kale sii waday in ay ka waaban, cabsi dareen si ay u fuliyaan dib u habaynta. Sida laga soo xigtay Alexander II, dib u habaynta ridayeen waxay ahayd in la baabi'iyo sababaha asalka u ah Russia oo dhan ka danbayso awoodaha dunida.

2) Alexander ahaa si qoto dheer ku qanacsanahay in jiritaanka serfdom dalka u xun tahay Russia ee awoodda difaaca. Serfdom ee Russia keentay in hoos u dhac in ka mid ah awoodaha Yurub darajeeyo. Waxaa intaa dheer, ciqaab badan oo Yurub waxaa loo arkaa in uu sharaf dureeri si ay u fuliyaan on arrimaha Ruush. Sida wakhtigii qadiimiga Russia, halkaas oo Vladimir waxa uu awoodi waayay inuu ku guuleysto gacanta amiirad ee Constantinople oo kaliya sababtoo ah waxa uu ahaa qof aan Ilaah aaminin.

3) Ha illoobin in Boqortooyada cusub la keenay ilaa ruuxa Aragti iyo dimuqraadiyadda. intelligentsia Creative ayaa muddo dheer ku dooday in loogu talagalay la baabiiyo of serfdom. Macalinka Alexander II ee Dhallinyaranimadiisii waxa uu ahaa Vasily Zhukovsky, kuwaas oo ahaa madaxdii reer intelligentsia hal abuur leh ee qarnigii XIX. Waxaa la arkaa in ay macalin Zhukovsky Pushkin. Sida laga soo xigtay Alexander II, dib u habaynta ridayeen waa in ay leeyihiin saamayn togan ku saabsan qayb ka ruuxiga ah ee bulshada Ruush.

Laga bilaabo dibuhabaynta la bilaabay in 1857, markii Boqortooyada abuuray guddi qarsoodi ah. Komishanka Secret ahaa in la sameeyo qorshe, kaas oo la baabiiyo of serfdom ay aheyd inuu noqdo ugu macaan oo inconspicuous.

Dhibaatada ugu weyn ee Boqortooyada matalayay danaha mucaaradka ee serfs iyo dadkii ku abtirsan. Kuwii gobta ahaa waxay ahaayeen si daacad ah ku qanacsanahay in la baabiiyo of serfdom, dalka ma wanaagsana. Oo iyana ma ay rabto inay la dalkoodii iyo yaroow uu.

qalcadda, on lid ku ah, la rumaysan yahay in dib u habaynta ridayeen waa in loo soo celiyo xoriyadooda si buuxda, ka sokow waxa kale oo keeni iyo dalkii on taas oo ay ku maamulaan dhaqaalaha. Farxin iyo sidaas, iyo kuwa kale ayaa wax aan macquul aheyn.

1861 February 19 , waxaa ay aheyd arin weyn oo dhan of Russia - serfdom la tirtiray. Guud ahaan dalka, in kaniisadaha la akhriyo amarka Alexander II. Sida laga soo xigtay amar this, serfs oo dhan ka hore mulkiilayaasha ay heleen xorriyadda iyo madaxbannaanida. ridayeen kasta oo dalka ka helay isticmaalka shakhsi ahaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dalka ay wali loo arko hanti ah mulkiilaha. Beeralayda waxaa looga baahan yahay in ay leeyihiin in ay dalkoodii ka soo nin oday reer u soo iibsadaan, doonaya hanti xornimada.

Sidaas darteed, la baabiiyo of serfdom ee 1861 weligiis bedelay Russia. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, oo innaba dadka dhulka ku qastaan midna aan lagu qancay. dadka dhulka leh ayaa dareemay in ay dhacaan, islamarkaana dhacayay dhulka sharci ah. yaroow ayaa ka dhaadhiciyay in serfdom hore siiyey si ay mid cusub in noqday kuwa loo yaqaan castings. Sidaas darteed, Alexander II cambaareeyay in dhammaan qeybaha kala duwan ee bulshada. 20 sano ka dib, Alexander waayi doonaa sumcaddii ku dhex tacsida. In 1881, waxaa isaga lagu dili lahaa shirqoolkii ka mid ah kooxaha Qoomkii, kuwaas oo helay qaybinta gaar ah Russia ee qarnigii 19aad.

In kasta oo in, labaad, Alexander galay taariikhda Russia sida tiradaasi weyn, reformer mala awaal ah, Siyaasi aragti. Waa in dadaalka dib u habaynta firfircoon ee Russia Alexander II mahad leeyahay eegno casriga ah.