Dhirta injineernimada Large ee Russia

Russia - dalka warshadaha leh taariikh dheer oo horumarinta warshadaha. Iyadoo la raacayo, ee dhirta mashiinka-dhisidda Ruush ciyaaraan door hogaamineed dhaqaalaha dalka. mugga guud ee wax soo saarka warshadaha share ee alaabta injineernimada waa kala duwan ee 20%. Tani waa heerka celceliska wanaagsan, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la kordhiyo, maxaa yeelay, in tiro ka mid ah dalalka warshadaha, tiradaasi ayaa ku dhow inuu 40% ama in ka badan.

industry Place in industry Ruush

injineernimada farsamada oo Ruush ah ee qaab-dhismeedka dhaqaalaha qaranka meel kaga dhacay meesha ugu horeysa ee la warshadaha lafo shidaalka iyo si weyn u badan tahay qaybaha kale ee dhaqaalaha. Ka dib burburkii of USSR ah, oo ay share ee "qasacadii guud" 28% (1990) duudduubay in 16% (1995), laakiin markaas bilaabay dib u soo kabashada siman. By bilowgii tirooyinka qarnigii XXI kordhay 19%, iyo 2015 - 22%.

In 2013, ka warshadaha mashiinka-dhismaha Ruush heshay $ 190 billion (6 trillion rubles). Total ee Russia waxaa jira 19 kaxeynayo warshadaha, in ka badan-qaybaha hoosaadka boqol iyo warshadaha shaqsi. injineernimada ayaa ku lug leh in ka badan 40,000 oo ganacsi ah oo dhan cabbirka iyo qaababka kala duwan ee lahaanshaha (2000 iyaga ka mid ah - kuwa u weyn), taas oo ah mid ka mid saddexaad ee tirada guud ee shirkadaha warshadaha. 1/3 dadweynaha shaqo guud ahaan waxaa ka shaqeeya warshadaha ee: in ka badan 4.5 milyan oo qof (3.5 million oo ka mid ah - ka shaqeeya). Tiro badan oo ah shaqaalaha ay go'aamiso muhiimadda ay leedahay bulshada ee ganacsatada bixinta shaqada.

macluumaadka taariikhiga ah

Dadyowga in Russia ayaa ku hawlan processing biraha tan xusuusan waqti. In Urals ah, dejinta qadiimiga helay meesha dhalaalay biraha iyo bay ka samaysan jireen noocyo kala duwan oo soo saarka ka badan 6,000 oo sano ka hor. In Kievan rus horay qarnigii X waxaa ka joogay workshops weyn, soo saaro waxyaabaha adag. Qarnigii XII ah, awowayaashayo addoonsada soo jeestay oo mashiinada axdi qarameedka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhirta mashiinka-dhismaha ugu horeysay ee Russia u muuqday in qarnigii XVI ka. Waxay la xidhiidha kiiska hub iyo meeleeyay Tula. Production ahayd mid ku salaysan ore degaanka bir ah, laakiin waxa uu ahaa tiro yar, burbursan iyo non-systemic.

Isbeddel kacaan in industry ee ka dhacay hoos Peter Waxaan, kuwaas oo ahaa siyaasad ballaarisga firfircoon. Oo ciidankiisii loo baahan yahay hub dheeraad ah oo casri ah, rasaas iyo qalabka. Iyadoo helitaanka kayd badan oo macdanta birta ee Urals waxaa laga abuuray iyo shirkadaha mashiinka-dhisidda, inta badan hubka.

warshadaha tareen

ballaadhkiisuna wuxuu ahaa spectrum ee alaabta la macmalay ee waxay keenaysaa in xaqiiqda ah in dad badan oo ka mid ah dhirta mashiinka-dhismaha weyn ee Russia, isagoo soo saaraha gaarka ah ee badeecooyinka qaarkood, waqti isku mid ah leeyihiin a Muga iibka yar marka la eego lacagta. Iyada oo shirkadaha ugu waaweyn Ruush in industry shidaalka, metallurgy iyo kiimikada warshadaha dhigma marka la eego fulinta a "AvtoVAZ" AHK "Sukhoi", OJSC "GAZ" kooxda "juice" iyo OJSC "KAMAZ".

Tirada hoggaamineed ka mid ah shirkadaha inta badan baabuurta (sokeeye injineernimada sub-waaxda la share ugu sareeya ee qaab dhismeedka of saarka alaabta injineernimada) iyo MIC ah, iyo tirada guud ee wax soo saarka mashiinka-dhismaha weyn (la dakhli sannadle ah oo ka badan 5 billion rubles) xad waa yar yahay.

Holdings iyo FPG

injineernimada farsamada oo Ruush sannadihii la soo dhaafay bilaabay jidka formation of haysta shirkadaha iyo kooxaha dhaqaale-warshadaha (berde). Marka tani waxaa la arkay sida horumarinta dheeraad ah oo ka mid ah shirkadaha mashiinka-dhisidda iyo haystaa, abuuray sanadihii hore (OMZ, shirkad injineernimada awoodda, "Barnaamijyada cusub iyo Aragtiyaha" iyo kuwa kale), iyo formation of kooxo cusub oo la aasaasay oo ku saleysan magaalada, kasbaday in warshado kale. ballaarinta ugu dareemi in shirkadaha steel injineernimada, taas oo keentay in formation of baabuurta awood FPG "RusPromAvto" iyo koox ka mid ah shirkadaha baabuurta "Severstal". Sidaas darteed ka mid ah ama shirkadaha waaweyn yar (kooxo) la sameeyey ee ugu-qaybaha hoosaadka, iyaga oo haysta meel adag.

The dhirta mashiinka-dhismaha ugu weyn ee Russia

Liiska shirkadaha leh in ka badan 12,000 oo shaqaale ah, hoos u amar (ka 120 ilaa dhowr darsin). Top 10 shirkadood oo tirada shaqaalaha ku salaysan, kuwaas oo ayaa isbedelo lama filaan ah in ka badan tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay. Tiro ka mid ah warshadaha dhab musallif, kuwa kale ayaa si weyn u dhimay shaqaalaha. Tusaale ahaan, waxaan ku siin miis isbarbaryaal ee kooxda injineernimada ee ugu sarreysa iyo maanta.

Liiska faahfaahsan oo dheeraad ah oo ka mid ah shirkadaha waaweyn ee hawlgalka by gobolka waa sida soo socota.

Degmada Dhexe ee Federaalka

In galbeed, warshadaha difaaca teknoolojiyad sare Ruush yihiin (tusaale ahaan, diyaaradaha iyo rocket-soo-saarka, nidaamka difaaca hawada iyo qoryaha radar, baabuurta taayir), warshadaha meel, manufactures tiro balaadhan oo ah matoorada naaftada, qalabka tareenka, mashiinada iyo qalabka. In gobolka Kaluga waxaa kooxdu ka mid ah soo saarayaasha shisheeye ee autos. Dhanka kale, kooxda ka dhisan auto gudaha AZLK iyo ZIL badiyay waynaanta.

• EKR ganacsi "Almaza-Antey" (tirada guud ee shaqaalaha Group 98,000 oo qof). Waxaa ka mid ah Moscow Machine-Building Plant "Avangard" ah (wax soo saarka ee gantaalaha diyaaradaha lagula dagaalamo), Dolgoprudnenskoe NPP (gantaalaha diyaaradaha lagula dagaalamo), NGOs LEMZ (naadi), Moscow Radio Engineering Plant (raadiyayaasha) iyo kuwo kale.
• Khrunichev. M. V. Hrunicheva (43500 oo qof, Moscow.) - ganacsiga ugu horeeysa ee warshadaha gantaal iyo meesha bannaan ee. Horumarisa oo soo saarta gantaallo side "proton", "Angara".
• Moscow Machine-Building Plant "Banner of Labor" iyo RAC "MiG" ah (14,500 oo qof, Moscow.) - daayo dagaalyahanada "MiG".
• warshadaha baabuurta ee shirkadaha shisheeye, "Renault Russia" ( "Avtoframos", 2300 dadka, Moscow.), "PSMA rus» (PSA Peugeot Citroen iyo Mitsubishi, gobolka Kaluga.), "Volkswagen Group rus" (gobolka Kaluga.), "Volvo Vostok "(gobolka Kaluga.) iyo kuwa kale.
• RSC "Energia" (Korolev) - Shirkadda ugu horeeysa gantaal iyo meel dunida oo dhan.
• MIC "NPÖ Machine Building" (18,000 oo qof, Reutov.) - ka gantaal iyo technology bannaan.
• MZ "ZIO-Podolsk" (4700 PERS.) - qalabka ee Quwadda Nuclearka iyo dhirta CHP.
• "Warshadda Kolomna" (6400 PERS.) - tareen, tareen korontada, qalabka naaftada.
• Bryansk Engineering Works (6800 PERS.) - tareen, gaadhifardoodkii.
• "Autodiesel" (Yaroslavl Automobile) - makiinado ay wax soo saarka.

Northwest FD

In St. Petersburg iyo Gobolka Leningrad leeyahay dhirta mashiinka-dhismaha ugu weyn ee Russia. shipyards Local mashquulin meel keentay in dhismaha Maxkamadaha Ciidamadu iyo sokeeye. Ka mid ah kooxda heysata gudaha dukaamo size Rafaa (200 hektar bartamaha magaalada) waxay u taagan tahay Kirovsky cagaf Plant, dakhliga ugu weyn ee kaas oo ahaa meel kirada halkii ay wax soo saarka profile sii daayo. albaabka Next, warshad weyn "Ford" in Vsevolozhsk dhaqmo ,. Xarunta kale mashiinka-dhiska gobolka waa magaalada Severodvinsk, halkaas oo ay ku dhisi quusta.

• "Sevmash" (25,000 oo qof, Severodvinsk.) - dhismaha quusta.
• Shipyards ee St. Petersburg: "Admiralty Shipyards" (. Magaalada shirkadda ugu horeysay 8.000 oo qof) "Baltic Plant" (. 4000 PERS), "Severnaya Verf" (. 3500 PERS), "Mid-Nevsky" (ca. 1000 oo qof ..) .
• qalabka wax soo saarka tamarta, Birta Leningrad ee Works (2017 guuradii 160th, saarta marawaxadaha), "Electrosila" (matoorrada), "Geedaha Izhora" (qalabka nukliyeerka, cagafcagaf).
• Autoenterprise Ford, Toyota, Nissan, Hyundai, General Motors, MAN, Scania.
• LOMO (St. Petersburg) - alaabtii indhaha.
• Kirov cagaf Plant (8000 PERS.) - wax soo saarka ee "Kirovets" cagaf, qalabka kala duwan.

Southern FD

Arrinta ugu weyn ee handasada farsamada ee gobolka waa wax soo saarka ee qalabka makiinadaha iyo tamarta beeraha. Ugu weyn ee soo saaraha gaariga iyo TagAz Volgograd cagaf Plant dhawaaqay kacda.

• Shirkadda Engineering "Rostselmash" (10,000 oo qof, Rostov-on-Don.) - saarka ee isu geeyo dillaaliinta "Don" iyo qalabka kale ee beeraha.
• "Boilermaker Red" (4400 pax, Taganrog.) - saaraha ugu weyn ee qalabka kuleeliyaha.
• "ATOMMASH" (Volgodonsk) - qeybiyaha ah ee keenta qalabka dhirta nukliyeerka iyo dhirta CHP.
• ON "la xidhay" (3300 pax, Volgograd.) - shirkad kala duwan (madaafiic, nidaamyada gantaal dhirta nukliyeerka iyo warshadaha saliida iyo gaaska).

Degmada Federaalka Volga

In gobolka waxaa jira dhirta mashiinka-dhisidda si fiican u yaqaan in Russia: AvtoVAZ, GAZ, "Tyazhmash", KAMAZ, UAZ, "Kalashnikov" iyo kuwa kale. Range of alaabta waa ballaaran, ka saa'idka ah (1/4 of suuqa qoyska) in qalabka gaarka ah ee warshadaha xoogga, ka baabuurta si diyaaradaha.

• AvtoVAZ (52,000 oo qof, Togliatti.) - flagship ee tirada baabuurta soo saaray.
• "Tyazhmash" (7000 pax, Syzran.) - qalabka warshadaha ee culus.
• warshadaha Automobile ee group "GAS": Gorky Automobile Plant (baabuur yaryar iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka heeganka, gaadiidka millatariga ah, baabuurta rakaabka), "Pavlovsky Bus" (laga helaayo), Ulyanovsk Engine Plant iyo kuwa kale.
• KAMAZ (Naberezhnye Chelny) - saaraha ugu horeeysa ee baabuurta gudaha.
• Izhevsk hubka warshad: "Kalashnikov" (. Hore "Izhmash", 4500 PERS), "IMZ" (7000 PERS.).
• warshadaha ee duulimaadyada ee Bashkortostan: UMPO (21,000 oo qof, UVA.) - matoorada diyaaradaha, UPPO (Ufa) - Aviapribor, KumAPP (Kumertau) - saaridda iyo dayactirka ee helicopters "Ka" taxane.
• Perm Motors Group (12000 oo qof) -. Gantaalada iyo diyaaradaha matoorada.
• MZ (7000 oo qof, Perm.) - Hub.
• UAZ (Ulyanovsk) - SUVs iyo minivan.
• "Aviastar-SP" (10,000 oo qof, Ulyanovsk.) - warshad dhisme diyaaradaha (diyaarad lagu daydo "tu", "AN", "IL") ugu weyn.

Ural FD

Ural waa shil ma loo yaqaan wadnaha ee warshadaha ee Russia. Helitaanka lacag dhigaal ah macdanta hodan iyo meel istiraatiiji ah oo muhiim ah u noqday shuruudaha halkan dhajinta ah shirkadaha warshadaha waaweyn, inta badan la xiriira processing biraha iyo warshadaha difaaca. Xarumaha injineernimada ugu awooda badan yihiin Yekaterinburg iyo Nizhniy Tagil.

• "Uralvagonzavod" (27,000 oo qof, Nizhny Tagil.) - mid ka mid ah flagships of warshadaha ee injineernimada qoyska. Waxay soo saartaa tiro balaadhan oo ah waxyaabaha: ka baabuurta xamuulka ah si ay taangiyada. At laanta "Uraltransmash" (Ekaterinburg) soo saaro nidaamka madaafiic is-baasuukayaal iyo trams.
• "Uralmash" (14,000 oo qof, Ekaterinburg.) - hoggaamiye ee wax soo saarka ee qodista, macdanta, qalabka qodniinka-.
• Zeke (Ekaterinburg) - nidaamyada gantaalada lidka diyaaradaha, gaadiidka.
• Chabrovsk cagaf Plant (13,000 oo qof) -. Cagaf, mashiinada dhismaha wadooyinka, matoorada.
• Automobile Plant "Ural" (13,500 oo qof, Miass.) - baabuur.
• "Kurgan" (4800 pax, Kurgan.) - gaadiidka millatariga ah (BMP, cagaf).
• Zlatoust Machine-Building Plant - rocketry.

Degmada Federaalka Siberian

wax soo saarka Engineering diiradda on warshadaha difaaca, diyaaradaha iyo qalab hawlgallada macdanta. Qaar badan oo ganacsi aasaasiga ah kacda ama ku dhow in ay. Warshadaha ee gobolka ee u baahan casriyeynta iyo taageero.

• Shirkadaha Aerospace: NAPO. xigeenka Chkalov (6000 oo qof, Novosibirsk.) - saarka ee diyaaradaha ee "qalalan"; "Polyot" (4500 pax, Omsk.) - Diyaaradaha "An" satalayt "GLONASS" nidaamka, gantaalada iyo meel technology; Ulan-Ude Aviation Plant - mid ka mid ah soo saarayaasha ugu weyn ee diyaaradaha: helicopters "Mi" iyo diyaaradaha "Su"; (6,000 oo qof.) Irkutsk Aviation Plant - diyaarado "Su", "Yak", "MS", qaybaha for Airbus; "Information Satellite Systems" (8000 pax, Zheleznogorsk.) - satalayt ujeedooyin kala duwan iyo hababka isgaarsiinta.
• "Tyazhstankogidropress" (Novosibirsk) - saaraha ah ee keenta in macsarada Haydarooliga, qalabka mashiinka, bambooyin.
• iyaga Radiozavod. A. S. Popova (Omsk) - nidaamyada injineernimada Radio iyo isgaarsiinta.
• "Altaivagon" (7000 pax, Novoaltaysk.) - daayo baabuurta.
• LVRZ Engineering Enterprise (6000 oo qof, Ulan-Ude.) - ka-soo-saarka iyo dayactirka ee tareen iyo tareenada.

Far Degmada Federaalka Eastern

Soo bandhigay by shirkadaha waaweyn shaqsi:

• iyaga KnAAZ. Gagarin (13,500 oo qof, Komsomolsk-on-Amur.) - airline ugu horeeysa ee dalka. Available in ciidamada (qoyska "Su", "pak FA") oo rayid ah (Sukhoi Superjet) diyaaradda, qaybaha for "Boeing".
• Enterprises ee Dhismaha maraakiibta iyo dayactirka markab: deked markab Amur (Komsomolsk-on-Amur) - quusta nuclear hore soo saaray hadda military oo maxkamad rayid ah, "Dalzavod" (Vladivostok); Xeebteeda Factory (Nakhodka), Nakhodka deked markab.

gunaanad

Wershadaha macaamiisha Ruushku waxay marayaan waqtiyo adag. Inkasta oo ay suurtagal tahay in warshaduhu awoodaan, haddana badankoodu waxa ay yareeyaan wax soo saarka, qaar badan oo ka mid ah ayeey u noolaadaan. Warshadu waxay u baahan tahay dib-u-habeyn, casriyeynta qalabka mashiinka iyo qalabka, hab cusub ee maamulka. Dhanka kale, shirkado cusub oo waxtar leh ayaa la dhisaa, badiyaa dhexdhexaad ah iyo kuwo yaryar. Warshadaha gacan-labaadka ah ee wax soo saarka millatari waxay heleen dabayl labaad. Danta aad u weyn waxaa muujiya shuraakad shisheeye, gaar ahaan baabuurta. Iyada oo taageerada dawlad-goboleed ee isdhexgalka iyo qorshe gaar ah, dhismaha mashiinka ayaa ka dhigi kara waxtar weyn oo ku saabsan dhaqaalaha dalka.