Dhexroor Britain hydrogen The, qaab-dhismeedka caanaha. Waa maxay mass ee Britain hydrogen ah?

At wareegsan tirada miiska 1 waa element ugu badan ee caalamka - hydrogen. Its qaybinta in boqolkiiba ayaa ku dhow inuu 75%. Hooseeya ku jira ayaa xusay in layers Hawada - 0,0001%. qolof dhulka wuxuu ka kooban yahay 1% by miisaanka of gaaska. Qadarka ugu weyn oo dhanba sheegay in biyaha: 12%. On dhulkeenna, waa element kiimikada ee ugu badan saddexaad.

element Description

Britain hydrogen A, kuwaas oo formula waa N-H ama H2, cilmiga la siiyey guryaha jireed iyo kiimikada.

Hydrogen waa gaas in aan haysanin midab lahayn, ur lahayn. Location of hydrogen in Shaxda 1 on kaalinta ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in ay jiraan xaalado kala duwan, element this muuqan karaa sida biraha ama gaas ah. On orbitals ay electron dibadda waa 1, kaas oo ku siin kara hydrogen (guryaha biraha) ama qaado (tayo gaaska) kale.

Dhexroor ee Britain hydrogen waa loo siman yahay 27 nm.

1A ballaciisu yahay eb hydrogen, gacan - 0, 41 A.

guryaha

jirka waxaa ka mid ah kuwan soo socda:

1. dhibic karaya - 256 ° ^C.
2. barta barafku: -259,2 ^° C
3. mass ee hawada (D) - 0.069.
4. Hydrogen waa liidata L. biyo.

The guryaha kiimikada waa sida soo socota:

1. taagoo bond Nonpolar u dhexeeya Qurub leeyahay tamarta ah 436 KJ / mol.
2. heerkulka dissociation kaamerada waa 2000 ° ^C.
3. Waxaa sameynayso leh:

• halogens;
• oxygen;
• baaruud;
• nitrogen,
• xabagta nitric;
• biraha firfircoon.

dabiiciga ah ee xaaladaha, hydrogen dhacdaa labada qaab dabiiciga ah iyo qaab protium isotopes, deuterium iyo tritium.

Qaab dhismeedka kelli

element Britain ayaa qaab fudud. Halabuurka ee Britain hydrogen waxaa matalaya laba atamka in wada si ay u sameeyaan dhigaalka covalent aan kala horjeeda, sidoo kale mid ka mid ah labada nin electron. Dhismaha eb waxaa 1 wanaagsan eedeeyay xuduntii, ku dhawaad oo guuro mid ka mid electron xun lagu soo eedeeyay. electron Tani waxa uu ku yaalaa on the orbital 1s.

H - + H = 1e ra'iyi hydrogen tani waa wanaagsan.

hadal Tani waxay muujinaysaa in hydrogen ayaa koobin mid ah waxyaabaha koox 1 of nidaamka wareegsan kuwaas oo bir alkali (lithium, sodium, potassium), ku siinayaa hal electron ah ee orbital dibadda ah.

H + H = 1e ra'iyi hydrogen xun.

isla'egta Tani waxay muujinaysaa in hydrogen ka dhigan tahay xubno ka mid ah Group 7, taas oo ay awoodaan si ay u helaan gaaska iyo electrons maqan in ay heerka electron dibadda ah. gaasas noocan oo kale ah waxaa ka mid ah: fluoro, chloro, bromo, iwm ..

Halabuurka ee Britain hydrogen waxaa garaaf ahaan halkan lagu soo bandhigay.

Masaafada u dhaxaysa atamka hydrogen ku r = 0,74 A, halka wadarta gacan orbital waa 1.06 A. Wuxuu saameeyaa si qoto dheer ee xirmi daruuraha electron iyo waarta, bond hydrogen deggan.

eb hydrogen waa ugu aasaasiga ah ee la eb dabiiciga ah. proton size nuclear waa 10.5 A, iyo dhexroor ka mid ah la eb waa 0.1 nm.

isotopes taagoo leedahay qaab gaar ah. Protium xuduntii qaaradda ka kooban tahay mid ka mid proton kaliya. isotope muujinaysaa: 1s.

Qaab dhismeedka Nuclear eg adag ah proton iyo neutron ah (2 saac).

3H - tritium - in ay qaab-dhismeedka qaaradda waxaa ka fadilnaa xuduntii a of 1 proton iyo laba neutrons.

miisaanka

In sayniska waxaa jira qaaciidooyinka in xisaabinta, taasoo la eg mass ee Britain hydrogen ah. Marka la eego waxyaabaha la qeexo mass kelli iyo qaaradda.

mass gaws ee Britain hydrogen loo xisaabiyo by formula guud:

M = m / n, halkaas oo m - waa tiro ka mid ah walax, n - tiradooda.

mass Atoomikada loo siman yahay 1.008 AMU Sidaas awgeed, miisaanka qaraabo ah Britain ayaa sidoo kale waa loo siman yahay si 1,008. Tan iyo Britain hydrogen ka kooban yahay laba atamka, miisaanka qaaradda qaraabada waa 2.016 a. e. m. miisaanka ee Britain hydrogen la muujiyay in garaam halkii bar (g / mol).

Qiimaha si dabiici ah ka dhaca

The arrinta ugu muhiimsan ee dabiiciga ah, kuwaas oo foomamka adag la hydrogen in ogsijiin waa biyo. Biyaha - isha nolosha, sidaas hydrogen - waa element muhiim ah.

Oo ka mid ah 100% ee dhammaan qaybaha kiimikada uu ka samaysan yahay ee 1/10 dhexdhexaad organismal ah, ama 10%, tiriyaa hydrogen. Waxa intaa dheer in biyo, waa ay awoodaan in ay sii wado qaab dhismeedka quaternary of protein ah, taas oo suurto gal ah ay sabab u tahay bond hydrogen ah.

Mabda'a ah complementarity ee acids nucleic sidoo kale meel la saamaynta taagoo hydrogen. H unugyada dhirta waxay ka qeyb-socodka ah ee photosynthesis, biosynthesis, in kala iibsiga tamarta faraqyadiisa xuub.

codsiga

In warshadaha kiimikada, hydrogen waa ballaaran ay khuseyso. Waxaa ku daray in soo saaridda ee alaabta caag ah, saabuun qaadashada, iyo sidoo kale wax soo saarka ammonia iyo malawadka.

warshadaha cuntada, ku Soon ee cuntooyinka, hydrogen waxaa lagu daray sida E949 daro cuntada. qayb noocan oo kale ah waxaa lagu arki karaa baakada ee margarine, saliidda dhirta. E949 daro ogola by warshadaha cuntada ee Federation Ruush ah.

Hydrogen mar ku lug warshadaha ee aeronautics, sida walaxda waa xumbo hawada. Sidaas daraaddeed, in ay 30meeyada ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay, noocan ah buufinta gaaska ka buuxsamay iyo Saiarrada. In kasta oo ay kharash yar iyo fududaato in la isticmaalo, hydrogen ugu dhakhsaha badan joojiyeen isticmaalka sida filler ah, sida xaaladood oo diyaarad qaraxyo.

Maanta, gaaska loo isticmaalaa sidii shidaalka loo isticmaalo in industry aerospace ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay codsi u aragtaa habab matoorada baabuurta rakaabka, baabuur, maxaa yeelay, element ah inta lagu guda jiro soo sari ma dhaadheer oo aan hawada ee nijaasta waxyeello, oo sidaas daraaddeed waa bay'adda.

qayb muhiim ah oo isotopes hydrogen muuqan in sidiisa daroogada badan. Deuterium waxaa loo isticmaalaa in waxbarashada pharmacological in uu ogaado dhaqanka iyo saamaynta daroogada ee jirka. Tritium waxaa loo isticmaalaa in radiodiagnosis sida element qeexaya reactions lagmamaarmaanna u ensaymes dheefshiidka. hydrogenperoxid waa xubin ka mid ah, kaas oo ah jeermiska lagu a.