Dhalmo galmada ee noocyada sare iyo hoose ee flora

dabeecad Faafinta dhammaan noolaha. Tani waxay siisaa awood ay ku soo saari ka xigta iyo sii nolosha. In noolaha in ay leeyihiin qaab unug of qaab dhismeedka ah, taranta waxay ku salaysan tahay horyaalka.

noocyada kala soocidda kala duwan ee taranka ayaa la soo jeediyay by saynisyahano kala duwan. Guud ahaan loo arkaa saddex nooc oo dhalmo: daaqsinka, galmada iyo asexual.

Xaalada danbe, horumarinta shaqeeyo ah waa la fuliyay ka cell hal aan galmada duwan. Waayo, dhalmo daaqsinka lagu gartaa horumarinta shaqeeyo multicellular jeermiska, mararka qaarkood way adag tahay in la kala saaro.

Galmada dhalmo ee dhirta bilaabmaa formation of unugyada jeermiga (gametes). dhalmo Baahnayn waa la dhimay inay ku biirto ee gametes in saygoot. Nidaamkan waxaa loo yaqaan unugyada labka iyo dheddiga iyo gudbiya macluumaad hidde waalidka farcankaaga.

Gametes loo sameeyay in xubnaha taranka - gametangia. wakiilada flora, oo waxaa lagu gartaa unugyada labka iyo dheddiga, waxay leeyihiin in ay wareegga nolosha, meiosis.

dhalmo galmada ma aha sifo for algae buluug-cagaaran, bakteeriyada. Ma laga helay hab lagu faafin ah iyo tiro ka mid ah fangaska.

Noocyada dhalmo galmada ee noocyada hoose ee flora way kala duwan yihiin. Tusaale ahaan, qaar ka mid ah habka taranka algae cagaaran dhici karaan iyaga oo aan formation of gametes. Xaaladdan oo kale, u shaqeeyo laba fiyuuska-unuglaha.

biirto ee gametes, kaas oo ay leeyihiin flagella, loo yaqaan isogamy. dhalmo Galmada waa caadiga ah ee algae badan.

algae Unicellular (Chlamydomonas qaar ka mid ah, tusaale ahaan) ilaa xad, isu dhigaan xubnaha galmada la xirrira gametes. In wakiilada multicellular gametangia waxaa ka mid ah in aadan ka duwan unugyada kale ama gametangia sameeyay la kala duwanaanshaha morphological (tusaale ahaan, ektokarpusa).

Waayo, kuwo badan algae isogamous geterotallizm sifo (qeybinta galmada hidaha iyo nafeedba). Haddaba waxaa jira dad isuga ee gametes physiologically kala duwan.

Waayo, algae qaar ka mid ah waxaa lagu gartaa conjugation ah: waxaa jira "qarqinaya" cell protoplast a in kale.

biirto ee gametes la cabbiro kala duwan ee flagella, loo yaqaan heterogamy. Xarunta bezzhgutikovoy gamete dumar ah (uusayt) iyo flagella (sida caadiga ah) lab yar (manida) waa oogamy. dhalmo Galmada waa caadiga ah ee dad badan oo cas, brown, diatoms, algae cagaaran, iyo sidoo kale qaar ka mid ah fangaska hoose.

Unugyada labka iyo dheddiga ee gologamnyh, heterogamic, flora isogamous oo ugu oogamnyh waa la fuliyay in biyaha. Tiro ka mid ah hawsha midaynta dhirta oogamnyh dhacdaa uugoniya (gametangia dumar ah). Waxay si firfircoon uga dhaqaaqin shahwada sii daayay oo biyaha ku shubaa. Waxqabadka muuqata in ay sabab u tahay chemotaxis. Sayidka spermatsii algae cas (algae cas) waxaa lagu dhaqaaqay by socodka biyaha - lahaayeen.

dhirta sare waa oogamnymi. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, unugyada labka iyo dheddiga qaadataa meel ay leeyihiin siyaabo kala duwan. Waayo, dhirta sare waa gametangia multicellular caadiga ah - archegonium (dumar) iyo antheridia (lab). Lakabka sare ee unugyada xubnaha taranka waa sterile. In archegonia ugxanta sameeyay mid ka mid ah spermatozoa antheridia loo sameeyay sida caadiga ah in xaddiyo sare.

ferns taranka haweenka iyo Muuse waa la fuliyay in biyaha. unugyada manida ka yimid antheridium iyo guurto archegonium. Taa baddalkeeda, diyaar u ah inuu bacrimiya archegonium soo jiidan shahwada daalaeday xab qarsan top ka. Tegaya xabka, shahwada u dhaw in ay ukunta, laakiin waxa ay ku biiro kale.