Dhirta Sare: spore iyo farcankaaga

dhirta sare - kuwani waa noocyada in Atmospheric sameeyey oo ay ula qabsadeeyn degaanadooda cusub. Waxaa jira in ka badan 300,000 oo noocyada. dhirta sare waxaa kala duwanaayeen xubnaha daaqsinka, sida xididka iyo ganaan, oo ay leeyihiin isla photosynthetic pigments: chlorophylls iyo carotenoids.

dhirta sare qaybta ugu leeyihiin walxaha nidaamka gaadiidka adag nidaaminaya kartaa uumi oo biyo ah via caleemaha. unugyada dhirta sare u sameeyaan unugyada. Sporophyte ahaaday ee wareegga nolosha (marka laga reebo bryophytes).

gametophyte Postpenno waa la dhimay si xoogaa unugyo ah. Meydadka galmada iyo taranka asexual of noolaha multicellular. Bacrinta leh noocyada dhibaato jireyso ku xirnaan biyaha on. Saygoot siinayaa asaasmeen embriyaha a multicellular.

dhirta jidhadhka dhulka sare u sameeyaan bulk of dhulka dabdhaliyayaasha - oo ku saabsan 90%.

Systematics dhirta sare

Wixii dhirta sare waa dhirta abuur spore sare iyo sare.

spore Sare: rinieobraznye (lafo kaliya) psilotoobraznye (raagayaan ku saabsan 20 noocyada), bryophytes (23-27 kun noocyada), plaunoobraznye (qiyaastii 1300 noocyada), hvoscheobraznye (oo ku saabsan 30 noocyada), ferns (qiyaastii 12,000 oo noocyada).

dhirta sare oo kudka sirdoonka cilmi barasho dhir isku daro magaca caadi ah - spore sare. Waxaa ka mid ah labada noocyada hadda jira iyo bakhtiyeen. jirka spore sare u qaybsan yahay kor ku xusan-dhulka iyo qaybo dhulka hoostiisa, xubnaha daaqsinka lagu horumariyo. wareegga nolosha ka kooban yahay iskhilaafka ka ab: sporophyte iyo gametophyte. Sporophyte si fiican u horumarsan, ku noolaa muddo dheer (marka laga reebo bryophytes). Waxa uu yeesho sporangia multicellular, ka dib markii meiosis ah kaas oo la aasaasay kudka haploid aan dhaqaaqayn. Waxay yihiin hal unuglaha, size yar yar, inta badan faafin by dabaysha iyo Gagaab ee gametophyte ah.

Bacrinta spore sare dhacaa oo kaliya iyadoo ay wada joogaan oo biyo ah. Sida laga soo xigtay heshiis xubnaha faafin kala saaro dhirta bisexual (kaas oo ay leeyihiin unugyada dumar ah oo lab iyo) iyo qaniis yahay (ama waa unugyo lab ama dhaddig).

Khilaafka waxaa laga yaabaa inay isku qiyaas kala duwan oo. dhirta spore Higher in dood la mid ah, loo yaqaan ravnosporovyh iyo kuwa dood oo kala duwan - heterosporous. Taas oo ku xiran kala saaro microspores (size yar yar) iyo megaspory (oo weyn).

Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in dhirta abuur toos booday ka spore, gaar ahaan ferns.

dhirta abuur Sare: pinofity (gymnosperms) - oo ku saabsan 800 noocyada magnoliofity (angiosperms) - 300 kun oo noocyada.

dhirta abuur sare gaadhay meesha ugu sarreysa ee Zaman Mesozoic, marka cimilada noqday dheeraad ah oomane iyo qabow, waxaa jiray wax isbedel ah oo xilli ciyaareed. Currently, noocyada ugu caansan ee angiosperms.

dhirta Seed leedahay faaidooyin badan spore sare. Waxay ka kooban yihiin xubnaha kala ah: xididdada, baxsado, abuur. jirridda uga xoog badan tahay in of spore ah, sida ay u koraan unugyada qoryo. Haddii tani ay tahay qayb ka mid ah ugu weyn ee unugyada alwaaxdiisa - dhintay.

dhirta Seed waa gaar heterosporous. Gametophyte in sporophyte horumarisa iyo quudin qarashkiisa.

Faafinta qaadataa meel by hab oo ah miraha in loo sameeyay uurjiifka multicellular, taas oo ka mid ah sahayda ee nafaqooyinka. Bacrinta abuur sare horreeyaa pollination - wareejinta manka ee bilowga taalba of ukunta. Pollination waxaa la sameeyaa by dabaysha, biyaha, xoolaha, iyo cayayaanka. Bacrinta jireyso ku xiran tahay oo kaliya biyaha ku dul sida in spore sare. Waxaa sabab u ah daaqsinka unugyada manka oo germinates in tube manka.