Dareemayaasha Cranial, 12 lammaane oo: anatomy, hawlaha miiska

Dareemayaasha muuqday maskaxda iyo waxa ka fidinayo, daawada waxaa lagu qeexaa sida dareemayaasha cranial ama cranial (12 lammaane). Waxay innervate qanjidhada, muruqyada, maqaarka iyo xubnaha kale ee ku yaal madaxa iyo qoorta, iyo sidoo kale in godadka caloosha iyo thoracic.

Aan ka hadalno maanta ku saabsan lamaanaha iyo kuwa xadgudubyada ka kici iyaga oo ku.

Noocyada dareemayaasha cranial

Mid kasta oo ka sheegay in lammaane oo dareemayaasha waxaa muujinaysaa by nidaam nambaro a Roman ka horeysay in ay laba iyo tobnaad, sida ay goob on salka maskaxda. Waxay ku yaalaan si soo socda:

1) olfactory;

2) tabaabushayso,

3) oculomotor;

4) block;

5) trigeminal;

6) leexinayeen;

7) wejiga;

8) Dhegeysiga;

9) glossopharyngeal;

10) sugantahay gafkii hore,

11) kordhin;

12) sublingual.

Kuwaas waxaa ka mid efferent iyo afferent fiiloyin autonomic iyo diirkja ay ku yaalaan arrinta cawlan ee maskaxda. Iyada oo ku xidhan kooban macdantaa dareemayaasha, dhammaan dareemayaasha cranial (12 lammaane) qaybsan yihiin dareenka, dhaqdhaqaaqa iyo isku qasan. Aynu u fiirsan saaraysa.

noocyada xasaasi ah

Kooxdan waxaa ka mid ah dareemayaasha olfactory, muuqaalka iyo maqalka.

Dareemayaasha olfactory yihiin geeddi socodka ku jira xabka sanka. Laga bilaabo dalool sanka, ay ka gudbaan saxan Roobka iyo ku haboon yihiin in nalka olfactory, halkaas oo neuron ugu horeysay dhamaado oo uu bilaabo jidka dhexe.

Tabaabushayso Labada ciyaaryahan ka kooban macdantaa ka loo yaqaano isha iyo Ulahoodii kordhin. All dareemayaasha waa qayb ka mid ah foosto ee saabka cranial. Marka hore, waxay u sameeyaan isgoyska a, ka dibna mareenka optic, stem maskaxda circumferential optic fiber iyo xarumaha deeq. In mid ka mid dareemayaasha waxaa ka mid ah oo ku saabsan mid ka mid million fiiloyin (Axon ah neurons of retina) iyo, marka lagu daro, waxay ka kooban tahay mid ka baxsan siilka, halka ka kalena - gudaha. Dareemayaasha galo dhakada dhex channel muuqaal ah.

By labada siddeedaad oo dareemayaasha cranial maqalka - 12 lammaane oo dadka kale, marka lagu daro saddex, kuwaas oo ka tirsan motor ama isku qasan. In ka fiiloyin dareemaha maqalka waxaa lagu hagaa ka dhegta dhexe si nuclei ah. In kasta oo iyaga ka mid galaa vestibular iyo xidid cochlear. Waxay kordhiyo ka dhegta dhexe iyo kuwa gudaha ku xagal cerebellopontine ah.

noocyada motor

In koox kale oo 12 lammaane oo dareemayaasha cranial waa oculomotor, block, oo dheeraad ah, sublingual iyo outlet dareemayaasha.

Labada nin saddexaad, i.e. dareemayaasha oculomotor ku jira autonomic, motor, iyo macdantaa parasympathetic. Waxay kala qaybsan yihiin laamood sare iyo hoose. Oo kaliya laamaha sare waa koox motor. Waxay qayb ka mid ah muruq in kiciyo indhaha yihiin.

Si group ee soo socda waxaa ka mid ah xannibi dareemayaasha oo keeni isha ay u guuraan. Haddii aan is barbar dhan dareemayaasha cranial - 12 lammaane - kuwaas oo ah kuwa ugu jilicsan. Waxay soo jeedaan xuduntii in tegmentum, ka dibna waxaa dabooli stem maskaxda iyo faray galay kastana falagiisuu dhex ah, innerviruya muruqa sare uugu isha inankeeda.

Abducens la xidhiidhaan si toos ah murqaha isha. Waxay leeyihiin core motor in godka a. Imaatinka out of maskaxda, waxay waxaa loo dirayaa Waasac sare orbital, innerviruya waxaa muruqyada ishaada midig.

dareemayaasha dheeraad ah soo jeedaan oblongata medulla iyo meelaha afka ilmo-galeenka oo ah laf dhabarta. Xididdada shaqsi ku xiran yihiin hal usheeda dhexe kordhin dhex godka iyo waa loo qeybin karaa laamaha dibadda iyo gudaha. laan gudaha, taas oo uu leeyahay fiiloyin ku lug innervation oo ka mid ah dhuun iyo dalqada, waxaa ku lifaaqan dareemaha vagus.

Oo la soo dhaafay oo ka mid ah 12 lammaane oo dareemayaasha cranial (Shaxda kaas oo loogu talagalay la soo bandhigay dhamaadka maqaalka) la xiriira motor ah, waa dareemaha hypoglossal. asalka ah ee dareemayaasha tani waa lafdhabarka. Laakiin, muddo ka dib, waxa uu dib ugu dhacdo qalfoofka dhaqaaqay. Waxaa cad in ay tahay dareemayaasha motor of afka ah. Roots ah ka oblongata medulla ka dibna gudbaan artery kana gala murqaha luqadood kala qaybinaya laamo.

views isku qasan

Kooxdan waxaa ka mid ah trigeminal, wajiga, glossopharyngeal iyo dareemayaasha vagus. In dareemayaasha isku qasan, ganglia halkaas, si la mid ah kuwa ay joogaan in laf-ka, laakiinse iyagu ma ay leeyihiin oo xididdada hore iyo xagga dambe. Waxay leeyihiin motor ah iyo noocyada fiber dareen waxaa ku biiray in jirridda caadi ah. Sidoo kale, waxay kaliya waxaa laga yaabaa in ku dhawaad.

Dhali 12 lammaane kala duwan ee dareemayaasha cranial. Sayidka, lammaanaha saddexaad, toddobaad, sagaalaad iyo tobnaad waxay leeyihiin fiiloyin parasympathetic at qaybaha wax soo saarka in waxaa lagu hagaa inay ganglia ku autonomic ah. Qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ah ku biireen laamood, halkaas oo macdantaa oo kala duwan.

dareemaha trigeminal leedahay laba xididada, halkaas oo waaweyn waa xasaasi ah oo yar - motor. innervation maqaarka ah iyaga oo dhacaya on meelaha taajkii, dhegta iyo garka. Innervation sidoo kale qabsatay ah conjunctiva iyo isha inankeeda, Duuraa, axaleedka - sanka iyo afka, ilkaha iyo ciridka, iyo sidoo kale qayb ka ugu weyn carrabka.

dareemayaasha Trigeminal ku yaalla cerebellar cagta, dhexe, iyo buundada. Dunta waa ganglion xidid xasaasi ah ku jiifa Ahraamta temporal dhow Cardiff kaas oo la aasaasay by tageynaa Duuraa ah. Waxay aakhirka in xuduntii ee dareemaha, oo ku yaalla yaamayska, iyo xuduntii ee Jidka spinal, sii socda ee ka oblongata medulla ah, ka dibna soo diray in ay laf-dhabarta. Dunta Motor xidid dareemayaasha soo jeedaan xuduntii trigeminal, taas oo ah in buundada.

From ganglion tago dugsiyada, daanka hoose, iyo dareemaha iftiinka. dambe waxaa xasaasi ah, qaybsan yahay nosoresnichny, kaliga iyo jeexa. Innervation 12 lammaane dareemayaasha cranial kala duwan yihiin ma aha oo kaliya naftooda Lab, laakiin sidoo kale taagayo laamaha. Sayidka, dareemayaasha lacrimal innervates xagal lateral ee isha, marayay laamaha secretory qanjirka lacrimal. dareemaha kaliga, siday u kala horreeyaan, waxaa jahaysteen on foodda iyo waxa xabka siisa. Nosoresnichny siisa bu'da, oo wuxuu tegi dareemayaasha daaqaddii in innervate xabka sanka.

Ma dareemayaasha xasaasi ah oo maxillary kordhin fossa pterygopalatine iyo wejiga hore palatal jeeda. Waxaa isaga ka soo jeedaan dareemayaasha alveolar sare kuwa u taga inay ilko daanka sare iyo ciridka. dareemaha maraa on the dhabannada ee dareemayaasha ganglion ah xagga dambe ee sanka ay xabka iyo bacaraarka. Dunta dareemayaasha waa u dabacsanaadaan iyo parasympathetic.

Si nooc isku dhafan waa dareemaha mandibular. Waxay ka kooban tahay xidid motor ah. Its laamaha dareenka ka mid ah dareemada jidhka loogu talagalay qeybinayay xuubka ku habboon ushno-temporal innervating maqaarka ku macbudyo iyo dhegaha iyo luqadood, taas oo siisa ah tip oo ku hadla dhabarka. dareemayaasha alveolar liita waa isku dhafan. Socodka in daanka hoose, waxa uu dhamaado uu garka, branching halkan in maqaarka iyo xabka ee dibinta hoose. Laamihii waxaa ku xidhan ganglia ku autonomic:

• dareemayaasha ushno-temporal - iyadoo dhegta in innervate qanjirka maray;
• luqadood dareemayaasha - la ganglion siinaya innervation in qanjidhada submandibular iyo sublingual.

Si hore waxaa ka mid ah baabuurta iyo dareemayaasha cranial dareenka. Dunta Mixed abuuro mouthfeel. Dunta Qaar ka mid ah halkan innervate lacrimal iyo dhareerka qanjidhada, iyo kuwo kale - hore saddex-meelood laba carrabka.

dareemaha wajiga ka kooban macdantaa motor, laga bilaabo godadka sare. Tan waxaa ku jira dareemaha dhanan dhexe iyo macdantaa parasympathetic. hababka qaarkood waa ganglion, taasoo keentay in fiiloyin gustatory ee dareemayaasha vagus iyo glossopharyngeal. bilow A ee dhareerka iyo lacrimal nuclei kale oo u dhaw core motor ah.

dareemaha wajiga bilaabmaa dhuuxa xagal cerebellopontine, ka dibna soo baxa iyada oo channel hore ee meatus maqalka. Waxaa jira xarig iyo durbaanka, marayay dalool ah oo ku xiran in dareemaha luqadood. Waxaa ka mid ah iidaan iyo parasympathetic macdantaa oo ay gaaraan ganglion ku submandibular.

dareemaha wajiga baxo macbudyo lafta oo lagu qabtay qanjirka maray, halkaas oo intertwining. Sidaa laamaha diverging hab taageere-qaabeeya. Wakhtigan, dhammaan innervated muruqyada la xiriira inuu shaabaho, iyo qaar kale. Laanta on qoorta of laamaha dareemaha wajiga galay iyada muruqa subcutaneous.

Labada ciyaaryahan Glossopharyngeal ogaaday qanjidhada lacrimal innervation, qayb carrabka gadaal, dhegta gudaha iyo dalqada. Dunta Motor faray in muruqa stylopharyngeus iyo cunaha detrusor iyo Satlaytaka - for galay qanjirka si ushnomu ganglion. The nuclei ee dareemayaasha kuwan, in la barbardhigo nuclei kale oo jira 12 lammaane oo dareemayaasha cranial, waxaa lagu abaabulaa yaamayska - xagal ee dareemaha vagus.

Dunta Parasympathetic bilaabaan inay xuduntii dhareerka. dareemayaasha Glossopharyngeal, ka oblongata medulla dhaqdhaqaaqa iska kordhiyay afka salka. From dareemayaasha ganglion bilaabmaa durbaanka isagoo fiiloyin parasympathetic kordhin in ganglion dhegta. Next, bilaabaan luqadood, mindalikovye iyo dareemayaasha pharyngeal. dareemayaasha luqadood innervate carrabka.

Labada nin ambaday fulisaa innervation parasympathetic caloosha iyo xabadka iyo qoorta. dareemayaasha Tani waxay ka kooban tahay motor iyo macdantaa dareenka. Halkan waxaa ku qoran innervation ugu weyn. dareemaha vagus ayaa dual core ah:

• dhabbar;
• mareenka keli ah.

Tegaayo ka danbeeya saytuunka on qoorta, ku dhaqaaqdo la xidhmo neuro-vascular, ka dibna jahaysteen.

jebinta

Sobob ah waxay yeelan karaan dhammaan dareemayaasha cranial - 12 lamaane. Anatomy oo ka mid ah degaannada ay dhibaatadu saameysey la muujiyey heerarka kala duwan ee diirkja ama fallaadhihii. Si lagu ogaado a, falanqayn qoto-dheer oo ah geedi socodka bahal intracranial. Haddii dhaawaca saameeyaa hal dhinac oo xudunta u ah, iyo macdantaa, kaasu waa kan ugu badan tahay, waa xadgudub ku ah hawlaha wax ka mid ah ay saamaysay 12 lammaane oo dareemayaasha cranial.

waxbarashada Neuroscience, si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyo calaamadaha dhinaca ka soo horjeeda. Markaas cudurka wadooyinka dhaawac. Waxaa sidoo kale ay dhacdo in cillad ee dareemayaasha ku xiran yihiin iyo barar, cyst arachnoid, malax, curyaanimo vascular, iyo talaabooyin kale oo la mid ah.

khasaaraha isku mar ah 12 lammaane oo dareemayaasha cranial, in uu yahay, ee hyoid iyo vagus iyo glossopharyngeal, noqday kuwa loo yaqaan curyaan bulbar ah. Tani waa cudur aad khatar u ah, tan iyo markii uu jiro itimaalka ka mid ah cudurada xarumaha ugu muhiimsan ee stem maskaxda.

Aqoonta goobta Jooloojiyadda of dareemayaasha cranial kuu ogolaanaya in aad si sax ah loo aqoonsado qaybtii cidhiidhi ah nabar kasta. Si ay u qabtaan cilmi-baarista, ku lug farsamooyin gaar ah. Iyada oo qalab ku haboon, maanta waxaa suurto gal ah in ay soo bandhigaan dhammaan faahfaahinta gobolka fundus ah, dareemaha iftiinka, si loo baadho berrinkii aragti iyo Axdigu khasaaraha. cilmi Computerized ogolaanaya-sax sare u heshaan meesha ay waxyeello.

cilmi ophthalmological

Farsamada Tani waxay u ogolaaneysaa in la ogaado wax isdaba marin ku oculomotor, block iyo dareemayaasha efferent ah lamaane Muujin jallo waxqabad socon karto kooban, exophthalmos degree labadaba. Pathology oo ka mid ah muuqaalka iyo dareemaha maqalka waxaa sababi kara gaabiso ee canal ee lafta ama, on lid ku ah, ay kordhin. Cilad la sameeyo ka naadi sare ee falagiisuu dhex ah, iyo sidoo kale dhakada furitaankiisu kala duwan.

Verterbalnaya iyo ANGIOGRAFI artery

Habkani waxa uu leeyahay qiimo waayo garashada curyaanimo vascular iyo geedi socodka intracranial. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, macluumaad faahfaahsan oo dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan arrimahan ku siin doonaa si raajito computer ah. Waxaa visualizes dogob dareemayaasha cranial, baadho buro labada ciyaaryahan muuqaalka iyo maqalka iyo heley kale.

rheotachygraphy

daraasad qoto dheer oo ka mid ah dareemayaasha cranial waxaa loo sameeyey mahad suurto gal ah in horumarinta habkan. Waxaa go'aamisa gobolka ee calalinta lama filaan ah muruqa oo waxqabad la tuso.Tasu, muruqyada carrabka, dhanxanegga jilicsan iyo muruqyada oo kale. Electromyography sidoo kale kuu ogolaanayaa si ay u xisaabiso heerka of tabinta Suu weheliyaan dogob dareemayaasha wajiga, hypoglossal oo siyaada. Si taas loo gaaro, waxaannu baaritaan ku jawaab reflex bilig bilig in la siiyaa oo ay trigeminal iyo dareemayaasha wajiga.

Baaritaanka dareemayaasha iyo astaamaha dareemayaasha cranial qaarkood

Habkani waxaa loo sameeyaa si gaar ah. Waxay ku bilaabmaa baadhitaan ee dareemaha olfactory. suufka lagu qooyay heshaa keena sanka sidoo kale. dareemaha iftiinka waxa la baadhay baaritaanka indhaha, ku dheehan yahay, marka laga soo tago dhaawac toos ah, aan awoodin xitaa in la ogaado isbedel sare. Pathology xiran karaan fadhiya, side, bararka ama dareemayaasha lagu gabi ahaanba la burburiyay karo.

Dhaawacyada soo socda saddex 12 lammaane oo dareemayaasha cranial (oculomotor, trochlear iyo Fasaxidda) noqdaan diplopia sabab iyo strabismus. Waxa kale oo laga yaabaa inuu dhaco sare ptosis indhaha, mydriasis, diplopia.

Aan caadi ahayn ee labada shanaad, in uu yahay, in dareemaha trigeminal, taasoo keentay inay ka sii darto of dareen on qayb ka mid ah wajiga, halkaas oo ay ka jiraan. Tani waxaa laga arki karaa in ay macbudyo, fooddiisa iyo dhabanno, indhaha, garka iyo dibnaha. Waxaa dhacaya in uu dareensan yahay xanuun aad u daran, waxaa jira finan iyo jawaab kale. Maxaa yeelay, dareemayaasha wajiga xiriir la leeyihiin badan, markaas labada nin this waxa lagu gartaa kala duwan oo dareen diidmo oo bahal ah.

In case of xad gudub ku ah dareemaha maqalka waa ka sii daraysaa maqalka, glossopharyngeal - daciif ah dareen in dhegta gudaha, hypoglossal ah - koobnayn afka dhaqdhaqaaqa. In the case of dareemaha vagus yeesho curyaannimo ee dhanxanegga jilicsan iyo xarigga codka. Sidoo kale waxaa lagu carqaladeeyey karaan garaaca wadnaha, Neefta, iyo hawlaha kale ee visceral-daaqsinka.

xanuunada Complex iyo dareemayaasha cranial (12 lammaane): anatomy, miiska

Function macdantaa dareemayaasha lagu xadgudbi kartaa oo keliya oo isku dhafan, si wadajir ah ula heley kala duwan ee dhakada hoose. Sidaas daraaddeed, haddii dareemayaasha oo dhan saameeyo hal dhinac oo salka cranial, hadalka ku saabsan syndrome a Garcin. Marka burooyinka indhaha ee lafaha iyo unugyada jilicsan dhacdaa syndrome Waasac orbital ka xoogbadan. In lesions iyo obnyatelnogo iyo dareemayaasha optic baxdo Kennedy syndrome.

Kuwani iyo cudurrada kale ee kac labadaba dadka waaweyn iyo carruurta. Waayo, carruurta waxyeellada dareemayaasha waxaa si gaar ah soo noqnoqda in xiriirka la leh curyaanimo.

Hoos waxaa ku qoran qaabka on taas oo ka mid ah si fiican u fahmi karaa sida ay u shaqeeyaan dareemayaasha cranial (12 lammaane). Anatomy (miiska ku salaysan ay aqoon) kaa caawin doona inaad maraan diiniga ah hawlgalka ka mid ah kooxaha kala duwan.

gunaanad

Waxaan eegay oo dhan dareemayaasha cranial - 12 lamaane. Anatomy ee function miiska ee maqaalka ah muujiyaan in dhammaan dareemayaasha cherpno-cerebral leeyihiin qaab adag, waxaa si dhow la xiriira midba midka kale. Oo haddii shaqo la fulin kooban ama aan sameeyo oo dhan, markaas waxaa jira xadgudubyo.

Well si ay u bartaan oo dhan dareemayaasha cranial (12 lammaane) miiska. Neerfaha, iyadoo la isticmaalayo this xogta, iyo mahad qalab gaar ah oo casri ah, wuxuu sameeyey horumar la taaban karo ee awood u leh inay ogaanshaha waqtiga iyo daaweyn wax ku ool ah ee bukaanka.