Dagaalka Afghanistan. Afghan War (1979-1989)

The meel juquraafi wanaagsan iyo backwardness horumarinta Afghanistan waxaa had iyo jeer oo keliya ka qayb qaatay in xaqiiqda ah in dalalka kale sheeganaya in ay hanti dhul ah Gobolka. Afghanistan ayaa si joogta ah u sakhiray in ay jabsata ciidamada cadowga, waxaa jiray dagaallo badan. Laakiin waxaa jira wadankan, dhacdo aan horay loo arag marka dawladda gobolka ayaa si shaqsi ah la weydiiyay caawimaad Midowga Soofiyeeti in la baabi'iyo kacdoonada shacabka biloowday ee Republic of Afghanistan. Dagaalka, kuwaas oo ay wali jiraan aragtiyo kala duwan oo bilaabay. Ciidamada Soviet oo keliya ka qayb qaatay horumarinta colaadda la dadka rayidka ah, iyo mucaaradka saamaysay dunida oo dhan.

shuruudaha

Mid ka mid ah sababaha ugu weyn ee duulaanka ciidamada Soviet ee Afghanistan, sida la sheegtay by masuuliyiinta USSR ah, waxay ahayd inay damacsan in ay taageeraan taageerayaasha fikradaha hantiwadaagga in ay adkaan in jagooyinka xukuma ee gobolka ka dib markii kacaanka April, laakiin markii danbe la kulmeen iska caabin xoog leh ka mucaaradka. About dagaalka Afqaanistaan ayaa sheegay in tiro aad u badan oo shaqo, laakiin qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ah ka horimanaya midba midka kale.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cilmi-ugu waafaqsanahay in dhammaan Midowga Soofiyeeti ay go'aansatay in ay ka qayb qaataan isku dhac military, maxaa yeelay, wuxuu damacsanaa inuu takhalusi Asal Islaamka helay awood degaanka ka dib markii kacaanka ee Iran 1979kii.

background International

Xaaladan oo khilaafka iyo gacan ka habdhaqanka fikirka ah USSR. Afgaanistaan, dagaalka ah oo lahaa kala jejebiyey oo aan duulaankii Soviet, wuxuu keeni karaa dhaawac weyn u jagooyinka bulshada, qaxtootiga for markii la afgembiyey dawladda pro-Soviet. Intaa waxaa dheer, faafidda raacnimada, laakiin lagu qasayo in xaaladda siyaasadeed, oo si weyn u saameyn ku yeelan kartaa Asia Dhexe. Sida laga soo xigtay statements by Midowga Soofiyeeti, ka qayb qaadanaya oo qilaafaad hubeysan ah, xaalad hanuuniyey by the "internationalism proletarian." Kadago sidoo kale si ay ugu qiil falalka ay dalal kale, waxa uu sheegay in duulaankii waxaa sabab u ah rafcaanka soo noqnoqda ee dowladda Afghanistan caawimaad dagaalka ka dhanka ah ciidamada dawladda ka soo horjeeda.

Sida dagaalka bilaabeen?

Wax badan ayaa laga sheegay in ku saabsan Afghanistan, laakiin waa ay adag tahay in la fahmo waxa ay tahay mid run ah iyo waxa beenta ah, maxaa yeelay, wax talaabo military horumariyo sarkhaansan arrimood ugu yaraan dhowr. iska hor imaad ah ee 1979-1989 - waa kaliya mid ka mid ah marxaladaha dagaalka sokeeye ee Afgaanistaan, inta lagu guda jiro kaas oo dhulka ciidamada jooga Soviet oo doonayay in ay nabadda ka shaqeeya. On hal dhinac ahaayeen ciidamada Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah ee Afghanistan, on the kale - xubnaha hubaysan ee mucaaradka, oo loo yaqaan mujaahidiinta, bawlaha. Kooxda ku guuleysatay helaan lahaa guud ahaan gacan ku haynta dalka oo dhan.

ka socda Limited 40 Army

Magaca caadiga ah ee dhammaan guryaha oo ka mid ah ciidamada Soviet joogi gayiga Afghanistan - socda kooban, kuwaas oo xoog weyn ayaa Army 40aad. Last Colonel-General, horseeday bixitaanka ciidanka, ayaa sheegay in aanay suurtagal ahayn in la yidhaahdo, guusha Soviet in iska hor imaad ama, on lid ku ah, badiyay. Dhab ahaantii waxaan dhihi karaa oo kaliya in ciidamada saxiirtaas hawsha horteeda iyaga oo ay awoodaan in ay guriga ku soo noqdo. dhawr dhibaato ayaa wajahay ururka of Army 40aad. In meesha ugu horeysa, ciidamada Soviet ee Afghanistan waa inay caawiyaan dowladda ee dalka si loo xasiliyo xaalada oo qayb qaataan soo afjaridda dagaalka. Tan waa la sameeyey inta badan iyada oo ay gacanta ciidamada hubaysan ee mucaaradka ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, ciidamada Soviet gayiga State ku lahaa si looga hortago gardarada ku saabsan qayb ka mid ah dalalka kale. Sida laga soo xigtay kornayl ah, 40aad Army si buuxda ula qabsadaan hawlahan.

natiijooyinka isku dhaca

Ka dib oo dhan, Ciidamada Soviet ayaa laga saaray Afgaanistaan on 15 February, taliyihii Itobiya Najibullah ah, u hoggaansanaayeen fikradaha bayaan pro-Soviet lagu afgembiyey saddex sano ka dib, oo waxay ku dhacday uu kaliya marka Russia joogsadeen si ay u taageeraan, in uu yahay 1992. Ka qayb qaadashada kooxdan qaaday duurka ku Mujaahidiinta. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka, khasaaraha uu sababay ma aha oo kaliya Republic of Afghanistan. Dagaalka ayaa ka qayb qaatay xoojinta ka mid ah jagooyinka xag Islamic iyo abuurista kooxda argagixisada Al-Qaacida. Waxay weli waa fikrada isku dhaca adduunka oo dhan, gaar ahaan Chechnya, Algeria iyo Masar.

Yaa kaceen inay la diriraan in Afghanistan?

War mar walba u baahan yahay askari, haddii ficillada mucaaradka yar ama baaxad weyn oo ku saabsan dhulka ee dalal badan. Dadka Soviet xayiran opinion in Afghanistan diray gaadhi oo siddeed iyo toban wiilasha, kuwaas oo lahaa doorasho lahayn, laakiin si ay u noqdaan calafka madfac. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, taasi run ma aha. Qayb weyn oo ka mid ah askari oo loo soo diray inay Afghanistan si iskood ah, qaar ka mid ah Dhagartay dacaayad Soviet, qaar ka mid ah si aad u hesho dugsiga dhab ah nolosha, qaar ka mid ah si ay u ilaaliyaan dalkooda. Waxaa jiray, dabcan, iyo kuwii soo baxday in xisbi in dagaalka shisheeye ka dhanka ah doonistiisa, by si gobolka, iyo waxaa jiray kuwo badan. Tani ma aha la yaab leh, sababtoo ah askartii loo soo diray inay dagaal, oo ay dhab ahaantii ma lahayn xiriir gaar ah. dagaalyahan fikirka baxay ayay on si ay u ilaaliyaan dalkooda si ay ula dagaalamaan mustaqbal wanaagsan dalkooda. Waayo, muwaadiniinta qaar ka mid ah USSR waxay ahayd wax aan macquul aheyn, ayna u muuqatay in iyaga in tani ay tahay Murtadinta khiyaano kale dabi. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qayb ka mid ah badan oo ka mid ah saraakiisha iyo ciidamada loo soo diray in ay dagaal ka dhacay uu codsi u gaar ah; qaar ka mid ah ee guulaheenna iyo ammaan, qaar ka mid ah lacag iyo qaar ka mid ah - oo kaliya in aad naftaada u hubiso.

xaqiijinta heer sare ah oo dhan ee kor ku xusan waa xaqiiqda ah in xilliga dayrta ee 1988, markii nolosha dad badan oo ka mid ah ciidamada dalka Afghanistan ayaa dhacay, oo ay guriga tegi karin, ma ay. Markaasaa askartii waxay isu casuumay inuu sii joogo, waayo, wax yar ka badan bilood in dadka cusub oo aan weli leeyihiin waayo-aragnimo ku habboon, ma la dilay.

khasaaraha of USSR

Ma iyada oo aan lagu dilay dalka Afghanistan. War of 1979 ayaa sheegtay in dad badan oo afar askari ah Soviet. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii khasaaraha sannadlaha ah in USSR gaadhay 1537 oo qof, celcelis ahaan, in cadowga ayaa sii badan. Sida laga soo xigtay ilo kala duwan, ayaa lagu dilay inta lagu guda jiro xilli oo dhan laga bilaabo 1 million si ay 1.2 milyan oo qof. Dabcan, kumanaan ka mid ah iyo badh ah noloshooda - tiro badan, laakiin ha iloobin in ciidamada Soviet lahaa si ay u noolaadaan meel aan la aqoon in cimilada oo aan caadi ahayn. Wixii la barbardhigo: tusaale ahaan, in Ciraaq, ay ku dhinteen 3677 oo askari, xitaa ma garato in faa'iido ah ee hubka dhinaca Maraykanka.

natiijooyinka

Dad badan oo askari Soviet, inta badan weli aad u yar yar, oo waxaa loo diray in Afghanistan. Dagaalka ayaa u baahnaa oo ka mid ah, oo iyagu ma ay niyad jabin mana dowladda muwaadiniinta toona. Tani waxay dadka u dhiirranow, kuwaas oo ay awoodaan si ay u difaacaan dalkooda, si ay u ilaaliyaan kuwa ay jecel yihiin. Iran, Afghanistan, Chechnya ... dagaal ma mari lahayn dhiig, laakiin ciidamada Soviet ahaa awoodaan in ay sameeyaan in loo baahan yahay iyaga ka mid ah oo dhan, iyagoo laga badiyay tirada ugu yar ee nolosha. Waxa ay aheyd go'aanka USSR sax yahay ama ma, hadda ma aha sidaas u muhiim ah, xaakin soo daahay. Kuwii dhintay Rabbiga ma soo noqon, laakiin nolosha geesiyaal kuwaas oo ka caawiyey in la xoojiyo nabadda ee dalka. Ka dib oo dhan, taasi waa dhab ahaan waxa ay ka doondooneen.