Computer Charles Babbage. Biography, fikrado iyo waxay Been Abuuran of Charles Babbage

Charlz Bebbidzh - xisaab Ingiriisi iyo hindisa, kuwaas oo loogu tala galay computer ugu horeysay si toos ah digital. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa uu ka caawiyay loo abuuro nidaam boostada English casriga ah iyo ahaa looxyadii actuarial lagu kalsoonaan karo marka hore, la Abuurtay nooc ka mid ah mitir xawaare iyo puteochistitel tareenka.

Biography of Charles Babbage

Wuxuu ku dhashay London on December 26, 1791 in reerka qofka bangiga ee Praeds Benjamin Babbage, milkiilaha Bitton Estate ee Teignmouth iyo nooca Betsi Plamli. In 1808 qoyska go'aansaday inuu u dhaqaaqo Old Road House, oo ku yaalla Bariga Teignmouth, oo aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa ilaaliye ee St. Michael kiniisadda dariska ah.

Aabbaha Charles jiray nin hodan ah, sidaasi darteed waxa uu baran karin, a dugsiyada aqoonyahanada yar. At 8 sano jir ah uu lahaa si ay u tagaan dugsiga tuulada inuu ka soo kabsado cudur khatar ah. Waalidkiis waxay go'aansadeen in maskaxda ilmaha, "waa in aan leeyihiin in ay aad is adkeynin." Sida laga soo xigtay Babbage, "this raaxo weyn laga yaabaa in ay keentay in qaar ka mid ah sababaynta carruurtiisa."

Ka dibna wuxuu ku qornaa dugsiga King Edward VI ee Totnes, South Devon, dugsiga ah oo kobcaya oo dhamaystiran, kaas oo ka shaqeeya ilaa maantadan la joogo, laakiin gobolka ee caafimaadka waqtiga qasbo Charles u jeedin kuwa ilaaliya gaarka loo leeyahay. Ugu dambeyntii waxa uu helay in ka Academy 30 arday xidhay, oo uu hoggaaminayo Stiven Reverend ku Friman. hay'ad waxay leedahay maktabad ballaaran, oo Babbage loo isticmaalo xisaabta is-waxbarasho oo wuxuu bartay sida ay u jecel yihiin. Markii uu ka tagay Academy ah, wuxuu lahaa laba mentor shakhsiyeed. Mid iyaga ka mid ahaa wadaad ee Cambridge, on taas oo waxbaridda Charles ku jawaabay sidan: ". Waxaan ka baqayaa in aanan bartay faa'idooyinka in ka heli karto" kale waxa uu ahaa professor ah ee Oxford. Eebe wuxuu baray Nabi Classics of Charles Babbage, inuu la aqbalo Cambridge.

Waxbarashada Jaamacadda

Bishii Oktoobar 1810 Babbage gaaray Cambridge iyo diiwaan Trinity College. Oo isna wuxuu lahaa waxbarasho heer sare ah - Lagrange ogaa Leibniz, Lacroix, Simpson, oo waxaa si dhab ah niyad barnaamijyada xisaabta la heli karo. Sidaa darteed, isaga iyo John Herschel, George Peacock, iyo saaxiibo kale oo ay go'aansatay in ay sameeyaan Society Analytical ah.

Marka in 1812 Babbage wareejiyay Peter House Cambridge, waxa uu ahaa xisaabyahan ugu wanaagsan; laakiinse isagu ma uu qalin-sharaf. degree sharaf uu ka dib helay, xitaa iyada oo marayay imtixaanka ee 1814.

In 1814 Charlz Bebbidzh guursaday Georgiana Whitmore. Aabbihiis, sababo wax kasta, marnaba barakeeyey. qoyska ku noolaa nabad London, at Devonshire Street, 5. Kaliya seddex ka mid ah siddeed carruur ah ka badbaaday in qaangaarnimada.

Aabbaha Charles, iyo naagtiisii, iyo mid ka mid ah wiilashiisa oo murugo leh ku dhintay 1827.

mashruuca computer

Oo wakhtigii Charles Babbage xisaabinta of miisaska xisaabta inta badan aan khalad samayso, sidaasi darteed waxa uu go'aansaday in la helo hab cusub in mashiin samayn lahaa, baabi'inta baadi aadanaha. Fikradda u dhashay isaga in uu aad u hore, in 1812.

Saddex arrimood oo kala duwan oo saameyn ku aqbalo go'aanka noocan oo kale ah:

• ma uusan jeclaan taxaddar la'aan iyo yaqiin;
• waxay ahayd loox logardam fudud;
• Waxaan u waxyoonay by shaqada ee hadda jira on xisaabinta mashiinada W. Schickard, B. Pascal iyo Leibniz.

mabaadiida aasaasiga ah ee qalab xisaabinta, uu kala hadlay warqad uu u diray Sir H. Davy bilowga ah ee 1822.

farqiga engine

Babbage soo bandhigay waxa uu ugu yeeray "engine farqiga", ee Royal Society ah sumalka uguma June 14, 1822 in warqad xaq "Notes on isticmaalka xisaabinta mashiinka miisas ah sumalka uguma iyo xisaabta." Waxa uu xisaabin kari bolinoomiyaal la isticmaalayo habka tirsi loo yaqaan farqiga.

Society ansixiyey fikradda ah, iyo sanadii 1823 dawladda wuxuu siiyey £ 1,500 at iyada dhismaha. Babbage dhigay mid ka mid ah qolalka of workshop guriga uu oo ka soo kiraysteen Dzhozefa Klementa inay u taliyaan dhismaha qalabka. qayb ka mid kastaaba wuxuu lahaa in la sameeyo gacanta oo gargaar ka qalab gaar ah, kuwaas oo qaar badan uu horumariyo. Charles dhigay badan oo safarada in shirkadaha warshadaha si fiican u fahmo geedi socodka soo saarka. Iyada oo ku saleysan, kuwaas oo safarada iyo waayo-aragnimo shakhsi ah in la abuuro mashiinada ee 1832 Babbage daabacay warqad ah "On dhaqaalaha ee mashiinada iyo wax soo saarka." Waxay ahayd daabacaadan ugu horeysay waxa maanta loo yaqaan "urur cilmiyeed ee wax soo saarka."

musiibadii Personal iyo safarka Europe

dhimashada xaaskiisa Georgiana ee, aabbe u ahaa Charles Babbage iyo wiilkiisa yar yar gooyey dhismaha ee 1827. Jobs si adag u dhibteen isaga, oo wuxuu ahaa ayaa qarka u saaran inay burburto. Dzhon Gershel iyo saaxiibo kale oo dhowr ah ka dhaadhiciyay Babbage safar ah in Europe in ay bogsasho. Waxa uu u safray dhex maray Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Italy, booqashada jaamacadaha iyo warshadaha.

In Italy, wuxuu bartay in uu loo magacaabay Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at University Cambridge. Markii hore, wuxuu rabay in la siiyo ilaa, laakiin saaxiibbo u haddii kale la aaminsiiyey. On uu ku soo laabtay England ee 1828 ayuu u dhaqaaqay Dorset Street, 1.

u bilaabay

Inta lagu guda jiro maqnaanshaha mashruuca Engine duwanaanshaha Babbage ayaa cadaadis uu saaran yahay. Wararka xanta ah in uu khasaariyey lacagta dawladda in mishiinka uma shaqeeyo iyo in ay leeyihiin lahaa ma saamayn la taaban karo haddii la sameeyey. Dzhon Gershel iyo Society Royal ayaa si cad u difaacay mashruuca. Dawladda ayaa sii taageerada ay siiyo £ 1,500 April 29, 1829, 3,000 pounds of December 3, oo la mid ah February 24, 1830. Work waxaa sii waday, laakiin Babbage si joogto ah dhibaato lacag ka khasnadda ku hesho.

Baxsi mashruuca

Dhibaatooyinka dhaqaalaha ee Charles Babbage beegantay xaalad xumeyd ee is khilaafsan ee Clement. Babbage ay guriga dhisay laba dabaq, aqoon isweydaarsi ah 15-meter-dheer. Waxay lahaa saqafka galaas la shito, iyo sidoo kale qolka nadiif dabka ah ee lagu kaydin jiray oo mishiinka. Clement ayaa diiday inuu u dhaqaaqo galay dukaan cusub oo dalbaday lacag ay u safraan magaalada hareeraheeda ilaaliya hawsha. Iyada oo laga jawaabayo Babbage isaga lagu casuumay inuu si toos ah uga Maaliyadda qaadato lacag-bixinta. Clement diiday oo shaqada joojiyay on mashruuca.

ayuu weliba, ayaa diiday inuu gacan sawiro iyo qalab loo isticmaalo si ay u abuuraan Engine farqiga u. Ka dib markii la maalgashado £ 23,000, oo ay ku jiraan £ 6,000 oo ah Babbage caddaalad, shaqada qalabka diiqid joogsadeen 1834. In 1842., dowladda rasmi ah ka baxay mashruuca.

Charlz Bebbidzh iyo Engine ka Analytical

Far ka alifay ee Engine duwanaanshaha aan bilaabay fekerayo iyada foomka wanaagsanaaday. Inta u dhaxaysa 1833 iyo 1842., Charles isku dayay in la dhiso qalab in la barnaamijkii karaa in la soo saaro xisaab kasta, ma aha oo kaliya la xiriira isleegyo polynom. horumar degdeg ah ayaa hore u yimid markii uu wareejiyey soo saarka ee qalab ee ay aqbasho xal dheeraad ah isla'egyada. Oo isna wuxuu u tilmaamay sida mashiinka a in "la cunaa ay dabada u gaar ah." Ma uusan qaadan muddo dheer in la ogaado waxyaalaha ugu muhiimsan ee engine gorfaynta.

Charles Babbage computer inay galaan xogta iyo tilmaamaha ku saabsan xisaabaha lagama maarmaan ah loo isticmaalo kaar feer, ka Jacquard ka amaahatay gooynayaa. qalab ka kooban yahay laba qaybood, oo dhagax iyo kaydinta. Mill, oo u dhiganta processor ee computer ah oo casri ah, qabtaan hawlaha xogta ka bakhaar, taas oo la oran karo waa sida xasuusta helay. Waxa uu ahaa computer guud-Ujeedada ugu horeysay ee adduunka ee.

Computer Charles Babbage waxaa loogu tala galay in 1835. baaxadda shaqada ay ahayd run ahaantii cajiib ah. Babbage iyo qaar ka abuuray 500 sawiro design weyn, 1000 go'yaal calaamadaha farsamo iyo tilmaanta 7,000 go'yaal. Waxaa buuxiya dhagax ahaa 4.6 m sare iyo 1.8 m oo ah dhexroor. Kaydinta 100 lambar kordhiyay in 7.6 m. Waayo, mashiinka cusub Babbage dhisay a gogo 'imtixaanka yar. Si buuxda u mashiinka ahaa marna dhameystirtay. In 1842., ka dib markii lagu celceliyo isku dayga lagu guuleysan in la helo maalgelinta dawladda, ayuu si Sir Robert Peel jeestay. Wuu diiday wuuna halkii wuxuu u bixiyey knighthood ah. Babbage diiday. Waxa uu sii waday inuu wax ka beddelo oo loo wanaajiyo design ee sannado badan oo soo.

Countess of Lovelace

Bishii Oktoobar 1842. Federiko Luidzhi, guud Talyaani iyo xisaab, wuxuu daabacay maqaal ku saabsan Engine Analytical ah. Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace, saaxiib qotoda dheer ee Babbage, tarjumay shaqo galay Ingiriisi. Charles iyada lagu casuumay si ay u bixiyaan qoraal tarjumaadda. Inta u dhaxaysa 1842. iyo 1843 laba qoraal ku wada 7, dhererka guud ee kaas oo ah saddex jeer size dhabta ah ee articles ah. In mid ka mid ah Jahannamo diyaarisay miis barnaamijka, kaas oo Babbage abuuray si loo xisaabiyo tirada Bernoulli. In kale, ayay qoray oo ku saabsan mishiinka guud aljabrada in oofin karin hawlaha summadaha iyo sidoo kale tirooyinka. Lovelace laga yaabaa ahaa kii ugu horeeyay in ay ogaadaan hadafka guud ee qalabka Babbage ee, iyo qaar ka mid ah ka fiirsan inuu noqdo barnaamijyada computer ugu horeysay ee adduunka ee. Waxay bilaabeen ka shaqeeya buugga, ku tilmaamay engine gorfaynta si faahfaahsan, laakiin aadan haysan waqti ay ku dhammayn.

mucjiso injineernimada

In muddada u dhaxaysa Oktoobar 1846 ilaa Maarso 1849 ee Babbage bilaabay hindisida farqi labaad ee mashiinka, isticmaalaya aqoonta helay si loo abuuro ay falanqaynta. Waxa loo adeegsaday oo gogo 'oo kaliya 8000, saddex jeer in ka yar markii hore oo kale. Waxay ahayd mucjiso ah injineernimada.

Marka la barbardhigo falanqaynta, oo uu si joogto ah waa in muruqa iyo dib u habaynta, Engine ka Faraqa labaad ka dib markii la dhameeyo wajiga horumarka bilowga ah oon doorsoomaynin. In mustaqbalka, hindisa ah ayan isku dayin in la dhiso qalab.

24 ka mid ah sawirka ku hadhay ee archives of the Museum of Science, ilaa fikradaha Charles Babbage waxaa la fuliyay in 1985-1991, abuurista replica size-full ah oo ku beegnaa guuradii 200aad ee uu ku dhashay. qalab Cabirka dhigay 3.4 m oo dherer ah, 2.1 m ee height iyo 46 cm qoto dheer, oo miisaankiisuna - 2.6 tons. xadka sax ah ayaa ku koobnayn qiyamka in lagu gaari karaa waqti.

guulaha

In 1824, Babbage ku guuleystay billada dahabka ee ee ah sumalka uguma Royal Society "oo uu been abuurtay of mishiinka xisaabinta loox xisaabeed iyo makii".

Laga soo bilaabo 1828 in 1839 Babbage ahaa Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge. Waxa uu qoraal ah tiro ka mid ah xilliyeedyada sayniska, iyo ku ool ah Abuuridda Society ah sumalka uguma ee 1820 iyo Society tirokoobka ee 1834.

In 1837, ka jawaabidda Bridgewater ee khuseeya 8 rasmi ah "On xoog, xigmad iyo wanaagga Ilaah sida muujiyey abuurka", ayuu daabacay sagaalaad Bridgewater khuseeya hore u soo tuurayaan fikradda ah in Ilaah, haysashada ah omnipotence oo soo beegtay, abuuray xildhibaan rabbaaniga ah, soo saara sharciyada ( ama barnaamijyada) taas oo ka dibna at noocyada waqti ku haboon abuuray, oon baabi'inta baahida loo qabo in la sameeyo mucjisooyinka mar kasta oo loo baahan yahay in la abuuro noocyada cusub. Buuggu wuxuu ka kooban yahay cry oo warqadihiisa qoraaga la John Herschel ku saabsan mowduuca.

Charlz Bebbidzh sidoo kale gaareen natiijooyin la taaban karo in cryptography. Waxa uu ka qarxay mishiinka cipher, iyo sidoo kale cipher ka badan taagta daran oo hadda loo yaqaan cipher Vigenère ah. waxaa Babbage furitaanka waxaa loo isticmaalay by ciidamada British oo la daabacay oo kaliya dhowr sano. Sidaas darteed, xaq u leedahay in weydey maray in Frederick Kasiski, kuwaas oo in wax la mid ah u yimid dhowr sano ka dib.

In 1838 Babbage abuurtay puteochistitel, birta la lifaaqan hore ee tareenka ee, nadiifinta caqabadaha Jidka. Waxa uu sidoo kale qabtay tiro ka mid ah waxbarashada Great Western Railway Isambard Brunel Kingdoma.

Waxa uu mar kaliya isku dayay inuu soo galo siyaasadda marka in 1832 uu ka qayb qaatay doorashooyinkii magaalada Finsbury. Ka dib markii cod, Babbage dhacay ee la soo dhaafay.

Xisaab iyo hindisa, dhintay October 18, 1871 at da'da 79 sano.

Qaybo ka mid ah isuduwidda diiqid kombiyuutarada ka abuuray isaga by la heli karaa si ay u booqdaan Museum Science ee London. In 1991 waxaa la dhisay Engine duwanaanshaha ku salaysan qorshe ay asalka ah, iyo waxa ay si fiican u shaqeeyay.